[目的/意义]提出一种基于多维指标的学科交叉融合发展态势分析的方法,从多个角度探究我国医学学科近四十年来的交叉发展态势。[方法/过程]首先,在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,设计从交叉度、交叉规模和交叉时序三个角度测度特定学科或领...[目的/意义]提出一种基于多维指标的学科交叉融合发展态势分析的方法,从多个角度探究我国医学学科近四十年来的交叉发展态势。[方法/过程]首先,在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,设计从交叉度、交叉规模和交叉时序三个角度测度特定学科或领域跨学科发展态势的分析方法,并对特定指标进行数学论证。进而,基于Web of Science(WOS)数据库收录的医学学科的文献数据和Incites平台上的学科类别信息,从上述角度对该学科1980-2019年的学科交叉发展态势进行综合分析。[结果/结论]虽然仅基于WOS数据导致部分分析结果与实际情况略有偏差,但总体看来医学与其他学科的交叉越来越广泛而深入,在近几年这种交叉融合关系趋于稳定,未来与各学科间的交叉融合将会更加深入,使得医学成为技术与人文并重的新医学。而这种多维度分析特定学科跨学科交叉发展态势的方法可以作为现有学科交叉研究的补充。展开更多
Delay in signalized intersections may constitute a significant part of bus journey times in urban environment. Providing priority for buses at traffic signals can be an effective measure to reduce this delay. Bus prio...Delay in signalized intersections may constitute a significant part of bus journey times in urban environment. Providing priority for buses at traffic signals can be an effective measure to reduce this delay. Bus priority in Swedish urban traffic signal systems are normally coordinated with fixed time plan selection. Within this framework local traffic actuated signal timing adjustments are applied based on detector inputs aimed to reduce the number of vehicles in the dilemma zone. Active bus priority is also achieved with the aim to display green signal at the arrival of the bus to the stop line. Due to lack of knowledge of traffic performance impacts of these techniques a major research study was undertaken funded by the Swedish Road Administration. The aim was to evaluate the following control strategies using Stockholm as case study： （1） Fixed time coordination （FTC）; （2） Fixed time coordination with local signal timing adjustment （FTC-LTA）; （3） FTC-LTA with active bus priority （PRIBUSS）; （4） Self-optimizing control （SPOT） with active bus priority. The methodologies for the study included field data collection using mobile and stationary techniques, offiine signal timing calculations with TRANSYT, microscopic simulation modeling using the HUTSIM model. The study obtained the following results： （1） Local traffic adjustment with the manual FTC reduced total delay by 1%. （2） Signal timings determined using TRANSYT reduced the average intersection delay by 9% compared to manual signal settings. （3） Local traffic adjustment reduced total delay by a further 5%. （4） Bus travel time was reduced by 11% using PRIBUSS, and 28% using SPOT. （5） Travel time for all vehicles did not increase using PRIBUSS, and was reduced by 6.5% with SPOT. Results of comparing PRIBUSS and SPOT to FTC-LTA were shown to be statistically significant.展开更多
文摘[目的/意义]提出一种基于多维指标的学科交叉融合发展态势分析的方法,从多个角度探究我国医学学科近四十年来的交叉发展态势。[方法/过程]首先,在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,设计从交叉度、交叉规模和交叉时序三个角度测度特定学科或领域跨学科发展态势的分析方法,并对特定指标进行数学论证。进而,基于Web of Science(WOS)数据库收录的医学学科的文献数据和Incites平台上的学科类别信息,从上述角度对该学科1980-2019年的学科交叉发展态势进行综合分析。[结果/结论]虽然仅基于WOS数据导致部分分析结果与实际情况略有偏差,但总体看来医学与其他学科的交叉越来越广泛而深入,在近几年这种交叉融合关系趋于稳定,未来与各学科间的交叉融合将会更加深入,使得医学成为技术与人文并重的新医学。而这种多维度分析特定学科跨学科交叉发展态势的方法可以作为现有学科交叉研究的补充。
文摘Delay in signalized intersections may constitute a significant part of bus journey times in urban environment. Providing priority for buses at traffic signals can be an effective measure to reduce this delay. Bus priority in Swedish urban traffic signal systems are normally coordinated with fixed time plan selection. Within this framework local traffic actuated signal timing adjustments are applied based on detector inputs aimed to reduce the number of vehicles in the dilemma zone. Active bus priority is also achieved with the aim to display green signal at the arrival of the bus to the stop line. Due to lack of knowledge of traffic performance impacts of these techniques a major research study was undertaken funded by the Swedish Road Administration. The aim was to evaluate the following control strategies using Stockholm as case study： （1） Fixed time coordination （FTC）; （2） Fixed time coordination with local signal timing adjustment （FTC-LTA）; （3） FTC-LTA with active bus priority （PRIBUSS）; （4） Self-optimizing control （SPOT） with active bus priority. The methodologies for the study included field data collection using mobile and stationary techniques, offiine signal timing calculations with TRANSYT, microscopic simulation modeling using the HUTSIM model. The study obtained the following results： （1） Local traffic adjustment with the manual FTC reduced total delay by 1%. （2） Signal timings determined using TRANSYT reduced the average intersection delay by 9% compared to manual signal settings. （3） Local traffic adjustment reduced total delay by a further 5%. （4） Bus travel time was reduced by 11% using PRIBUSS, and 28% using SPOT. （5） Travel time for all vehicles did not increase using PRIBUSS, and was reduced by 6.5% with SPOT. Results of comparing PRIBUSS and SPOT to FTC-LTA were shown to be statistically significant.
