推导了交流电网不平衡情况下电压源换相高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)电磁暂态模型,提出了适用于该场合的抑制直流电压二次波动的控制策略。通过分析αβ坐标与...推导了交流电网不平衡情况下电压源换相高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)电磁暂态模型,提出了适用于该场合的抑制直流电压二次波动的控制策略。通过分析αβ坐标与dq+和dq-坐标之间的变换关系,得出结论:在正序旋转坐标下正序分量为直流量,负序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量;而在负序旋转坐标下负序分量为直流量,正序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量。通过简化交、直流侧电路,建立考虑换相电抗器损耗的交流系统不平衡情况下VSC-HVDC系统电磁暂态数学模型。为了抑制发生不平衡故障时直流电压的二次波动给VSC阀和直流电容器产生额外应力等问题,设计基于正、负序旋转坐标系的双电流内环控制器和直流电压外环控制器。仿真结果证明所提出的数学模型正确、可靠,所提出的控制策略能够有效地抑制直流电压二次波动。展开更多
不对称交流电网下的功率波动将引起模块化多电平换流器子模块能量的不平衡,进而影响模块化多电平变流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)的动态性能。基于不对称交流电网下MMC桥臂瞬时功率的分析,确...不对称交流电网下的功率波动将引起模块化多电平换流器子模块能量的不平衡,进而影响模块化多电平变流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)的动态性能。基于不对称交流电网下MMC桥臂瞬时功率的分析,确定换流器内部子模块电容电压及桥臂环流的控制目标。在此基础上,提出一种基于子模块电容电压预估的最近电平调制和基于桥臂环流预估的直接环流控制,两者相结合的复合控制策略。不论交流系统对称与否,在所提出的控制策略下,均能保证换流器上下桥臂间,三相间以及总子模块电容电压的相对平衡,实现对基频及二倍频谐波环流的抑制。基于PSCAD/EMTDC,建立两端MMCHVDC仿真模型,分别在有功功率和直流电压控制站进行不对称交流电网的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够保证故障期间子模块电容电压平均值保持恒定,直流电压不会由于二倍频零序瞬时功率出现二倍频波动,系统故障穿越能力得以提升。展开更多
This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)f...This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.展开更多
为揭示具有新型拓扑结构的基于模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统MMC-HVDC(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current)的电磁暂态特性,对该系统进行典型扰动暂态响应的特性分析根据MMC拓扑结构,推导了交流电网不平衡时的...为揭示具有新型拓扑结构的基于模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统MMC-HVDC(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current)的电磁暂态特性,对该系统进行典型扰动暂态响应的特性分析根据MMC拓扑结构,推导了交流电网不平衡时的MMC交流侧电磁暂态模型,并基于模型设计了正、负序双内环电流控制和外环功率控制的控制策略。同时,对MMC-HVDC在各种典型扰动下的暂态响应特性进行了详细的仿真分析,仿真结果表明所设计的控制策略的正确性。MMC-HVDC在遭受各种典型扰动时具有良好的暂态响应特性,并能稳定、充裕地运行。展开更多
交流系统不平衡会引起模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)输出功率的波动与输出电流的不平衡,同时也会导致基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current transm...交流系统不平衡会引起模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)输出功率的波动与输出电流的不平衡,同时也会导致基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current transmission,M M C-HVDC)系统内部桥臂电流与子模块电压出现更大的波动,危及变流器的安全运行。文章分析了交流系统不平衡度以及控制参数对MMC桥臂电流与子模块电压的影响,构建了不平衡分量、控制参数与桥臂电流、子模块电压的三维函数。进而通过一次拟合的方式,得到了不同跌落程度下使桥臂电流峰值最小的控制参数值,最大程度地保证了MMC运行的安全稳定。最后搭建了静止坐标系下MMC控制系统,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。展开更多
Short-term traffic flow prediction is one of the essential issues in intelligent transportation systems(ITS). A new two-stage traffic flow prediction method named AKNN-AVL method is presented, which combines an advanc...Short-term traffic flow prediction is one of the essential issues in intelligent transportation systems(ITS). A new two-stage traffic flow prediction method named AKNN-AVL method is presented, which combines an advanced k-nearest neighbor(AKNN)method and balanced binary tree(AVL) data structure to improve the prediction accuracy. The AKNN method uses pattern recognition two times in the searching process, which considers the previous sequences of traffic flow to forecast the future traffic state. Clustering method and balanced binary tree technique are introduced to build case database to reduce the searching time. To illustrate the effects of these developments, the accuracies performance of AKNN-AVL method, k-nearest neighbor(KNN) method and the auto-regressive and moving average(ARMA) method are compared. These methods are calibrated and evaluated by the real-time data from a freeway traffic detector near North 3rd Ring Road in Beijing under both normal and incident traffic conditions.The comparisons show that the AKNN-AVL method with the optimal neighbor and pattern size outperforms both KNN method and ARMA method under both normal and incident traffic conditions. In addition, the combinations of clustering method and balanced binary tree technique to the prediction method can increase the searching speed and respond rapidly to case database fluctuations.展开更多
The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and ...The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and small perturbation were studied.The analytical and numerical results show that widening (shrinking) road can enhance (reduce) the equilibrium speed and flow,and the increments (decrements) will increase with the absolute value of road width gradient.In addition,the numerical results illustrate that the new model can describe the effects of road width on the evolutions of uniform flow and small perturbation.展开更多
文摘推导了交流电网不平衡情况下电压源换相高压直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)电磁暂态模型,提出了适用于该场合的抑制直流电压二次波动的控制策略。通过分析αβ坐标与dq+和dq-坐标之间的变换关系,得出结论:在正序旋转坐标下正序分量为直流量,负序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量;而在负序旋转坐标下负序分量为直流量,正序分量是频率为100Hz的交流量。通过简化交、直流侧电路,建立考虑换相电抗器损耗的交流系统不平衡情况下VSC-HVDC系统电磁暂态数学模型。为了抑制发生不平衡故障时直流电压的二次波动给VSC阀和直流电容器产生额外应力等问题,设计基于正、负序旋转坐标系的双电流内环控制器和直流电压外环控制器。仿真结果证明所提出的数学模型正确、可靠,所提出的控制策略能够有效地抑制直流电压二次波动。
文摘不对称交流电网下的功率波动将引起模块化多电平换流器子模块能量的不平衡,进而影响模块化多电平变流器型高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based HVDC,MMC-HVDC)的动态性能。基于不对称交流电网下MMC桥臂瞬时功率的分析,确定换流器内部子模块电容电压及桥臂环流的控制目标。在此基础上,提出一种基于子模块电容电压预估的最近电平调制和基于桥臂环流预估的直接环流控制,两者相结合的复合控制策略。不论交流系统对称与否,在所提出的控制策略下,均能保证换流器上下桥臂间,三相间以及总子模块电容电压的相对平衡,实现对基频及二倍频谐波环流的抑制。基于PSCAD/EMTDC,建立两端MMCHVDC仿真模型,分别在有功功率和直流电压控制站进行不对称交流电网的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够保证故障期间子模块电容电压平均值保持恒定,直流电压不会由于二倍频零序瞬时功率出现二倍频波动,系统故障穿越能力得以提升。
文摘This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.
文摘为揭示具有新型拓扑结构的基于模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统MMC-HVDC(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current)的电磁暂态特性,对该系统进行典型扰动暂态响应的特性分析根据MMC拓扑结构,推导了交流电网不平衡时的MMC交流侧电磁暂态模型,并基于模型设计了正、负序双内环电流控制和外环功率控制的控制策略。同时,对MMC-HVDC在各种典型扰动下的暂态响应特性进行了详细的仿真分析,仿真结果表明所设计的控制策略的正确性。MMC-HVDC在遭受各种典型扰动时具有良好的暂态响应特性,并能稳定、充裕地运行。
文摘交流系统不平衡会引起模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)输出功率的波动与输出电流的不平衡,同时也会导致基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current transmission,M M C-HVDC)系统内部桥臂电流与子模块电压出现更大的波动,危及变流器的安全运行。文章分析了交流系统不平衡度以及控制参数对MMC桥臂电流与子模块电压的影响,构建了不平衡分量、控制参数与桥臂电流、子模块电压的三维函数。进而通过一次拟合的方式,得到了不同跌落程度下使桥臂电流峰值最小的控制参数值,最大程度地保证了MMC运行的安全稳定。最后搭建了静止坐标系下MMC控制系统,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。
基金Project(2012CB725403)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(71210001,51338008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by World Capital Cities Smooth Traffic Collaborative Innovation Center and Singapore National Research Foundation Under Its Campus for Research Excellence and Technology Enterprise(CREATE)Programme
文摘Short-term traffic flow prediction is one of the essential issues in intelligent transportation systems(ITS). A new two-stage traffic flow prediction method named AKNN-AVL method is presented, which combines an advanced k-nearest neighbor(AKNN)method and balanced binary tree(AVL) data structure to improve the prediction accuracy. The AKNN method uses pattern recognition two times in the searching process, which considers the previous sequences of traffic flow to forecast the future traffic state. Clustering method and balanced binary tree technique are introduced to build case database to reduce the searching time. To illustrate the effects of these developments, the accuracies performance of AKNN-AVL method, k-nearest neighbor(KNN) method and the auto-regressive and moving average(ARMA) method are compared. These methods are calibrated and evaluated by the real-time data from a freeway traffic detector near North 3rd Ring Road in Beijing under both normal and incident traffic conditions.The comparisons show that the AKNN-AVL method with the optimal neighbor and pattern size outperforms both KNN method and ARMA method under both normal and incident traffic conditions. In addition, the combinations of clustering method and balanced binary tree technique to the prediction method can increase the searching speed and respond rapidly to case database fluctuations.
基金Project(NCET-08-0038) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese UniversityProjects(70701002,70971007 and 70521001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006CB705503) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and small perturbation were studied.The analytical and numerical results show that widening (shrinking) road can enhance (reduce) the equilibrium speed and flow,and the increments (decrements) will increase with the absolute value of road width gradient.In addition,the numerical results illustrate that the new model can describe the effects of road width on the evolutions of uniform flow and small perturbation.