Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one ac...Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.展开更多
Combined with the perspective of State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, the paper researches the EV battery swapping mode and its advantages, analyses standards requirements of battery swapping system and propos...Combined with the perspective of State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, the paper researches the EV battery swapping mode and its advantages, analyses standards requirements of battery swapping system and proposes the corresponding standards system展开更多
Due to rapidly development of high power semiconductor devices with fast control features have made possible to control the power flow more efficiently and effectively. The Flexible AC Transmission Systems （FACTS） i...Due to rapidly development of high power semiconductor devices with fast control features have made possible to control the power flow more efficiently and effectively. The Flexible AC Transmission Systems （FACTS） in this category introduces several innovative operating control devices. One of the recent devices is Advanced Unified Power Flow Controller （AUPFC） or multi-converter UPFC, which can control bus voltage and real and reactive power flows of more than one line or even a sub-network. This paper presents performance analysis of AUPFC based on d-q axis model theory. Based on the analysis, a new fuzzy logic rules based control algorithm has been developed in this paper which improves the system performance. The control rules are structured depending upon the relationship between series inserted voltages in multi-line and the desired changes of real and reactive power flows in the control network. The impacts of different controllers along with parameters of series connected transformers and transmission lines have been investigated through developed control block models in SIMULINK. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by a case study.展开更多
文摘Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.
文摘Combined with the perspective of State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, the paper researches the EV battery swapping mode and its advantages, analyses standards requirements of battery swapping system and proposes the corresponding standards system
文摘Due to rapidly development of high power semiconductor devices with fast control features have made possible to control the power flow more efficiently and effectively. The Flexible AC Transmission Systems （FACTS） in this category introduces several innovative operating control devices. One of the recent devices is Advanced Unified Power Flow Controller （AUPFC） or multi-converter UPFC, which can control bus voltage and real and reactive power flows of more than one line or even a sub-network. This paper presents performance analysis of AUPFC based on d-q axis model theory. Based on the analysis, a new fuzzy logic rules based control algorithm has been developed in this paper which improves the system performance. The control rules are structured depending upon the relationship between series inserted voltages in multi-line and the desired changes of real and reactive power flows in the control network. The impacts of different controllers along with parameters of series connected transformers and transmission lines have been investigated through developed control block models in SIMULINK. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by a case study.
