A Delivery Approach Modeling for Urban Freight Restocking

This paper proposes a modeling system developed in order to analyze the urban freight transport and logistics within urban and metropolitan areas. A review of models developed to simulate this segment of mobility is also reported. The review analysis highlights the limits of models for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures. For this reason this paper proposes a new modeling system approach for the assessment of city logistics measures. It is made of different steps approaching problems related to quantity OD （Origin-Destination） flows, restocking type OD flows, delivery OD flows, delivery OD flows for time slice and vehicle type, and vehicle OD flows. This modeling system has been specified and calibrated using some surveys carried out in the inner area of Rome where more than 500 truck drivers and more than 600 retailers have been interviewed.

Addressing Transportation Needs and Climate Change in Developing Nations

The analysis of data and information available on developing countries clearly suggests that the current systems and trends of urban transportation, with respect to both mobility and safety, are not sustainable. The cities of developing countries are typically characterized by high-density urban areas, absence of proper control on land use, lack of proper roads and parking facilities, poor public transport, lack of road user discipline etc. This results in the transportation problems, namely accident, congestion, and pollution, taking a very different and much severer shape in developing countries than those in cities of developed countries. Sustainable transport is also important for developing countries from the perspective of climate change, i.e., to improve carbon foot print/ecological foot print （E.F） etc. of transportation systems. From various researches, it has been established that worldwide the road transport has got a substantial share of carbon emissions （20-25% on an average）. This makes transportation an important sector for reducing carbon emissions and thus for addressing the climate change issue. These considerations therefore thrust the need for achieving sustainability in urban transport, particularly for developing countries, not just from mobility and safety perspective but also from the perspective of local and global environmental issues. This paper will critically analyze the above issues for developing countries and would suggest possible approaches to address both the transportation needs as well as climate change.

The Study of Fuzzy Line Control for Multiple Intersections

The line control for multiple intersections is a hot spot in the area of transportation. According to the principle of system analysis and coordination, a method about fuzzy line control for multiple intersections is proposed. The system is made of two control units, one is the basic control unit for every single intersection, and the other is used for the function of coordination.

Investigation on the Deformation of Functional Elements of Risky Technical Systems

This paper examines the mutual displacement of functional elements （FE） of risky technical systems （RTS）. To this group of systems belong transport systems, technical systems operating in heavy regimes, energy and power systems, building structures. etc. A unit of mutual displacement of the functional elements of RTS is introduced, as well as a definition of the deformator of the system. The value of the deformator of a sample system is determined.

Traffic simulation and forecasting system in Beijing

Transport system is a time-varying, huge and complex system. In order to have the traffic management department make pre-appropriate traffic management measures to adjust the traffic management control program, and release travel information to travelers, to provide optimal path options to ensure that the transport system operates efficiently and safely, we have to monitor the changing of the state of road traffic and to accurately evaluate the state of the traffic, then to predict the future state of traffic. This paper represents the construction of the road traffic flow simulation including the logical structure and the physical structure, and introduces the system functions of forecasting system in Beijing.

An Apparatus Design for the Vehicle Control Scheme in Personal Rapid Transit System

A new transportation technology known as personal rapid transit （PRT） is being developed by multiple different companies around the world, and one system is under commercial operations in the United Kingdom. Each design is different, but they all share a need to operate many automated transit vehicles at very close headways. Safe operation will require a level of control an order of magnitude above any current transit system. As a result, new techniques will be needed for the development and testing of the mechanical and control systems. In this paper an apparatus for developing and testing a PRT vehicle control scheme is demonstrated. This system is composed of independent modules that represent virtual vehicles, a central control system, a man-machine interface and a monitoring device. It can be used to implement and to evaluate the designed vehicle control algorithm. The vehicle control algorithm is designed and simulated in a combined simulation platform that consists of Matlab/Simulink and Labview Simulation Interface Toolkit. Simple operational scenarios are proposed for the testing of the proposed vehicle control apparatus.

Smart Cities as Cyber-Physical Social Systems

The emerging prototype for a Smart City is one of an urban environment with a new generation of inno- vative services for transportation, energy distribution, healthcare, environmental monitoring, business, commerce, emergency response, and social activities. Enabling the technology for such a setting re- quires a viewpoint of Smart Cities as cyber-physical systems （CPSs） that include new software platforms and strict requirements for mobility, security, safety, privacy, and the processing of massive amounts of information. This paper identifies some key defining characteristics of a Smart City, discusses some lessons learned from viewing them as CPSs, and outlines some fundamental research issues that remain largely open.

Network Structure Expert System and Operation Optimization

It is proposed that double level programming technique may be adopted in synthesis strategy. Optimization of heat exchanger network structural configuration (the master problem) may be solved at the upper level, leaving the rest operating conditions( the slave problem) being optimized at the lower level. With the uniqueness in mind, an HEN synthesis expert system may be employed to address both the logical constraints and the global operation parameters′ optimization using enhanced sequential number optimization theory.Case studies demonstrate that the synthesis strategy proposed can effectively simplify both the problem solving and the synthesis process. The validity of the strategy recommended is evidenced by case studies′ results compared.

A Control Simulation Method of High-Speed Trains on Railway Network with Irregular Influence

Based on the discrete time method, an effective movement control model is designed for a group of high- speed trains on a rail network. The purpose of the model is to investigate the specific traffic characteristics of high-speed trains under the interruption of stochastic irregular events. In the model, the high-speed rail traffic system is supposed to be equipped with the moving-block signalling system to guarantee maximum traversing capacity of the railway. To keep the safety of trains＇ movements, some operational strategies are proposed to control the movements of trains in the model, including traction operation, braking operation, and entering-station operation. The numerical simulations show that the designed model can well describe the movements of high-speed trains on the rail network. The research results can provide the useful information not only for investigating the propagation features of relevant delays under the irregular disturbance but also for rerouting and reseheduling trains on the rail network.

Development of the Interurban Service with the Use of Alternative Commercial Road Trains

The main task of this paper is to review the principal aspects in organization of interurban long haul service with the use of road trains on the basis of the ＂district＂ traffic system. The goal of the paper is to determine the most effective methods of trucking operations in order to highlight the regularities that characterize these methods. The paper describes practicable methods of freight flow analysis, some factors and parameters concerning movement of motor-vehicle trains and original route schedules as well. Of special interest is the obtained algorithm of economically effective trucking operations of motor-vehicle trains on the route.

Tariff Policy of the Logistics System of the Public Transport of the City

The article discusses the important part of the tariff policy of transportation of passengers by public transport, which plays a significant role in the formation of a general transportation tariff. The recommendations, given in the article, are mainly related to a Georgian example which may also be applicable to other countries, especially considering that in the process of preparation of the article, the current situation at the post-soviet states （Russia, the Ukraine, and Belarus） was also examined and taken into account, and the presented methodology is a combined version of that experience.

Control system design of hybrid fuel cell city bus

This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.

基于秦皇岛港口的经济管理分析

秦皇岛港是世界第一大能源输出港,是我国“北煤南运”大通道的重要枢纽港,担负着我国南方“八省一市”的煤炭供应。本文通过分析秦皇岛港口的特点及其优劣势,提出关于促进秦皇岛港口经济发展的具体措施。

Experimental study of viscosity characteristics of hightemperature heat transfer molten salts

In this paper several kinds of high temperature molten salts were investigated experimentally on viscosity-temperature characteristics with high-temperature viscometer.The viscosities of the molten salts were measured and compared with those from references to verify the reliability of the viscometer and measuring methods,and a good agreement was observed from the comparisons.Then,two new high-temperature molten salts were made from the HITEC salt by some additives and the viscosity-temperature profiles of them were obtained by experiments.The results show that the new molten salts have much lower viscosities,thus suitable for reducing the flow resistance in transportation system of high-temperature solar thermal power generation.

Incident-based traffic congestion control strategy

Traffic incident happens frequently in urban traffic network and it affects normal operation of traffic system seriously so that study on incident-based congestion control strategies is very important. This study addresses the problem of the temporary vehicle movement bans design under incident-based traffic congestion situation. A bi-level programming model is proposed to formulate this problem. The upper level problem is to minimize the total travel cost in the view of traffic management agencies, and the lower level problem is to present travelers’ dynamic route choice behavior under temporary vehicle movement bans using the simulation of cell transmission model, then a genetic algorithm is employed to solve the proposed bi-level programming model. Computational results show that the temporary vehicle movement bans measure is able to alleviate the traffic network incident-based congestion effectively and improve system performance of traffic network.

Progress of research on transportation geography in China

As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.

Robust adaptive cross-coupling position control of biaxial motion system

The stability and synchronous performance are usually hard to be improved simultaneously in the biaxial cross-coupling position motion control system.Based on analyzing the characteristics of the cross-coupling control system,a robust adaptive cross-coupling control strategy is proposed.To restrict influences of destabilizing factors and improve both of stability and synchronous performance,the strategy forces dual axes to track the same reference model using Narendra adaptive control theory.And then,a robust parameters adaptive law is proposed.The stability analysis of the proposed strategy is conducted by applying Lyapunov stability theory.Related simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed strategy can improve synchronous performance and stability simultaneously.

The Efect of Queueing Strategy on Network Trafc

In recent years, the transportation system has been faced by increasing challenge in congestion and inefficiency, and research in traffic network has become a significant area of interest. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic-information-based （DIB） queueing strategy into network traffic model under the efficient routing strategy. DIB makes a packet with higher priority to be delivered if there are less packets travelling along its path from the current node to the destination. It is found that, compared with the traditional first-in-first-out （FIFO） queueing strategy, DIB can effectively bMance the traffic load of the system via delaying packets to be delivered to congested nodes. Although the network capacity has no obvious changes, some other indexes which reflect transportation efficiency are efficiently improved in the congestion state. Besides, extensive simulation results and discussions are provided to explain the phenomena. The results may provide novel insights for research on traffic systems.