Objective： Although long bone fracture in children is not life-threatening, it may cause major disability, loss of working days and severe psychological distress. We conducted this study to determine the pattern of e...Objective： Although long bone fracture in children is not life-threatening, it may cause major disability, loss of working days and severe psychological distress. We conducted this study to determine the pattern of extremity fracture due to trauma in children. Methods： During one year in six general hospitals in Tehran, trauma patients who were hospitalized for more than 24 hours and sustained injuries within seven days before admission were included in the study. The records of children （≤16 years old） hospitalized in six general hospitals in Tehran due to trauma were reviewed prospectively. Results： During the study period, 1 274 children had sustained extremity fractures. Male to female ratio was 3.6/ 1, with the mean age of （10.3±4.2） years. Falls and traffic crashes were the main causes of injuries, with the percentages of 57.3 % and 37.1%, respectively. Simple fall （falling on the ground） consisted 60% of patients that sustained fall-related injuries. Pedestrians and bicycle riders comprised most of the cases that were injured due to traffic crashes. Of our cases, 56.8% sustained fractures in the upper extremities and 43.2% in the lower extremities. Forearm was the most common fracture site （34.1%）. Comparing our results in preschool and school-age children, falls were the main cause of injuries in both groups, but fractures of lower extremities were significantly more common in preschool children. Conclusions： Improvement of physical condition of sidewalks and crossings in roads will be necessary for prevention of injuries. More attention to safety of home environment should be paid for control of preschools＇ injury at home. Education of children and adults is necessary to reduce injuries resulting from road traffic crashes.展开更多
Purpose： The epidemiology of pediatric trauma is different in different parts of the world. Some researchers suggest falls as the most common mechanism, whereas others report road traffic accidents （RTAs） as the mo...Purpose： The epidemiology of pediatric trauma is different in different parts of the world. Some researchers suggest falls as the most common mechanism, whereas others report road traffic accidents （RTAs） as the most common cause. The aim of this study is to find out the leading cause of pediatric admissions in Trauma Surgery in New Delhi, India. Methods： Inpatient data from January 2012 to September 2014 was searched retrospectively in Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre Trauma Registry. All patients aged 18 years or less on index presentation admitted to surgical ward/ICU or later taken transfer by the Department of Trauma Surgery were included. Data were retrieved in predesigned proformas. Information thus compiled was coded in unique alphanumeric codes for each variable and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21. Results： We had 300 patients over a 33 month period. Among them, 236 （78.6%） were males and 64 （21.3%） females. Overall the predominant cause was RTAs in 132 （43%） patients. On subgroup analysis of up to 12 years age group （n - 147）, the most common cause was found to be RTAs again. However, falls showed an incremental upward trend （36.05% in up to 12 age group versus 27% overall）, catching up with RTAs （44.89%）. Pediatric Trauma Score （PTS） ranged from 0 to 12 with a mean of 8.12 _＋ 2.022. 223 （74.33%） patients experienced trauma limited to one anatomic region only, whereas 77 （25.66%） patients suffered polytrauma. 288 patients were discharged to home care. Overall, 12 patients expired in the cohort. Median hospital stay was 6 days （range 1-182）. Conclusion： Pediatric trauma is becoming a cause of increasing concern, especially in the developing countries. The leading cause of admissions in Trauma Surgery is RTAs （43%） as compared to falls from height （27%）; however, falls from height are showing an increasing trend as we move to younger age groups. Enhancing road safety alone may not be a lasting solution for prevention of pediatric trauma and local injury patterns must be taken into account when formulating policies to address this unique challenge.展开更多
Purpose： Road traffic accidents are one of main problems in Iran. Multiple factors cause traffic accidents and the most important one is sleepiness. This factor, however, is given less attention in our country. Road ...Purpose： Road traffic accidents are one of main problems in Iran. Multiple factors cause traffic accidents and the most important one is sleepiness. This factor, however, is given less attention in our country. Road traffic accidents relevant to sleepiness are studied. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, all road traffic accidents relevant to sleepiness, which were re- ported by police, were studied in Tehran province in 2009. Results： The risk of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness was increased by more than sevenfold （odds ratio = 7.33） in low alertness hours （0：00-6：00） compared to other time of day. The risk of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness was decreased by 0.15-fold （odds ratio - 0.15） in hours with maximum of alertness （18：00-22：00） of circadian rhythm compared to other time of day. Conclusion： The occurrence of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness has significant statistical relations with driving during lowest point of alertness of circadian rhythm.展开更多
文摘Objective： Although long bone fracture in children is not life-threatening, it may cause major disability, loss of working days and severe psychological distress. We conducted this study to determine the pattern of extremity fracture due to trauma in children. Methods： During one year in six general hospitals in Tehran, trauma patients who were hospitalized for more than 24 hours and sustained injuries within seven days before admission were included in the study. The records of children （≤16 years old） hospitalized in six general hospitals in Tehran due to trauma were reviewed prospectively. Results： During the study period, 1 274 children had sustained extremity fractures. Male to female ratio was 3.6/ 1, with the mean age of （10.3±4.2） years. Falls and traffic crashes were the main causes of injuries, with the percentages of 57.3 % and 37.1%, respectively. Simple fall （falling on the ground） consisted 60% of patients that sustained fall-related injuries. Pedestrians and bicycle riders comprised most of the cases that were injured due to traffic crashes. Of our cases, 56.8% sustained fractures in the upper extremities and 43.2% in the lower extremities. Forearm was the most common fracture site （34.1%）. Comparing our results in preschool and school-age children, falls were the main cause of injuries in both groups, but fractures of lower extremities were significantly more common in preschool children. Conclusions： Improvement of physical condition of sidewalks and crossings in roads will be necessary for prevention of injuries. More attention to safety of home environment should be paid for control of preschools＇ injury at home. Education of children and adults is necessary to reduce injuries resulting from road traffic crashes.
文摘Purpose： The epidemiology of pediatric trauma is different in different parts of the world. Some researchers suggest falls as the most common mechanism, whereas others report road traffic accidents （RTAs） as the most common cause. The aim of this study is to find out the leading cause of pediatric admissions in Trauma Surgery in New Delhi, India. Methods： Inpatient data from January 2012 to September 2014 was searched retrospectively in Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre Trauma Registry. All patients aged 18 years or less on index presentation admitted to surgical ward/ICU or later taken transfer by the Department of Trauma Surgery were included. Data were retrieved in predesigned proformas. Information thus compiled was coded in unique alphanumeric codes for each variable and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21. Results： We had 300 patients over a 33 month period. Among them, 236 （78.6%） were males and 64 （21.3%） females. Overall the predominant cause was RTAs in 132 （43%） patients. On subgroup analysis of up to 12 years age group （n - 147）, the most common cause was found to be RTAs again. However, falls showed an incremental upward trend （36.05% in up to 12 age group versus 27% overall）, catching up with RTAs （44.89%）. Pediatric Trauma Score （PTS） ranged from 0 to 12 with a mean of 8.12 _＋ 2.022. 223 （74.33%） patients experienced trauma limited to one anatomic region only, whereas 77 （25.66%） patients suffered polytrauma. 288 patients were discharged to home care. Overall, 12 patients expired in the cohort. Median hospital stay was 6 days （range 1-182）. Conclusion： Pediatric trauma is becoming a cause of increasing concern, especially in the developing countries. The leading cause of admissions in Trauma Surgery is RTAs （43%） as compared to falls from height （27%）; however, falls from height are showing an increasing trend as we move to younger age groups. Enhancing road safety alone may not be a lasting solution for prevention of pediatric trauma and local injury patterns must be taken into account when formulating policies to address this unique challenge.
文摘Purpose： Road traffic accidents are one of main problems in Iran. Multiple factors cause traffic accidents and the most important one is sleepiness. This factor, however, is given less attention in our country. Road traffic accidents relevant to sleepiness are studied. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, all road traffic accidents relevant to sleepiness, which were re- ported by police, were studied in Tehran province in 2009. Results： The risk of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness was increased by more than sevenfold （odds ratio = 7.33） in low alertness hours （0：00-6：00） compared to other time of day. The risk of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness was decreased by 0.15-fold （odds ratio - 0.15） in hours with maximum of alertness （18：00-22：00） of circadian rhythm compared to other time of day. Conclusion： The occurrence of road traffic accidents due to sleepiness has significant statistical relations with driving during lowest point of alertness of circadian rhythm.
