“籼改粳”稻产势与化肥减量增效方法试验效果

江西省自2009年开始探索北粳南引,推进“籼改粳”稻工程。为验证“籼改粳”稻的产势,探索粳稻化肥减量增效施用方法,江西省景德镇市于2016年开展了“籼改粳”晚稻产势与化肥减量增效施用方法试验。试验结果显示,在相同施肥和同时收割条件下,粳稻‘甬优1538’比籼稻‘粤优9113’增产稻谷1450 kg/hm2、增16.06%。粳稻较籼稻产量高的原因在于粳稻每穗实粒数较多。试验结果显示,推荐施肥方法2比农户施肥方法节省氮磷钾养分123.9 kg/hm^(2)、节省20.31%,增产稻谷483.75 kg/hm^(2)、增4.67%,节本增效1765.35元/hm^(2)、增7.87%,增收效果达显著水平。推荐施肥方法较农户施肥方法增产的主要原因在于促进了籽粒结实,增加了每穗实粒数。本次试验结果表明,粳稻较籼稻增产优势明显,推荐施肥方法较农户施肥方法节本增产增效。推荐施肥方法在氮磷钾养分协调及分蘖、孕穗施肥时间上更为合理,粳稻孕穗肥施用时间后移效果更佳。

金属氧化物半导体电子亲合势的确定

电子亲合势是半导体能带结构中的重要参数,对研究光电池、异质结、衬底或电极对样品的影响有重要意义,然而这个参数目前尚无法直接测定。近年来,我们以SiO_2和Al_2O_3为衬底研究了多种不同结构、不同厚度、不同组分的金属氧化物薄膜。在查找SiO_2和Al_2O_3的电子亲合势中,发现它们目前尚无确定的参数。

剩余污泥厌氧消化甲烷生成势与产甲烷菌群多样性的比较研究

以AP、DH两污水处理厂的剩余污泥为基质,分别接种两厂的剩余污泥进行了厌氧消化甲烷(CH4)生成势实验(BMP).经改进的Gompertz模型和Michaelis-Menten模型回归分析可知,AP、DH两厂厌氧污泥的最大比产气速率数值接近[74.21 mL·(g·d)-1和51.99 mL·(g·d)-1],但对基质剩余污泥的半饱和常数Km差异较大(54 098 mg·L-1和19 005mg·L-1),DH厌氧污泥对该厂剩余污泥的亲和力较好.两个批次实验结束时TSS、CODT均有所下降,NH+4-N显著提高,且高污泥负荷F/M条件下水质变化趋势更为显著.实验前后末端限制性片段多态性(T-RFLP)分析结果与BMP实验结果相一致,实验结束后杂菌(Diverse)相对含量显著下降,产甲烷髦毛菌Methanosaeta spp.(280 bps)、产甲烷微菌Methanomicrobiaceae(80bps)和RC-I(389 bps)的相对含量皆有所提高,且DH-BMP样品产甲烷功能菌群相对含量提升程度高于AP-BMP实验前后变化.

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cassava

The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the exposed treatment by trans- planting performed excellently in bringing seedling stage forward, improving germina- tion rate, yield and quality. For example, seedling emergence stages were 36, 31 and 31 d earlier; germination rates improved by 19.24%, 14.29% and 14.29%; yields grew by 41.98%, 26.72% and 11.45%; starch contents increased by 3.50%, 2.10% and 1.40%, respectively. Therefore, cassava in the mulching treatment by direct seeding is characterized by earlier seedling emergence stage, high germination rate, high yield and quality.

Heterosis Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Grain Production of Brassica napus L.

[Objective]The aim was to study heterosis of N use efficiency for grain production （NUEg） of Brassica napus L. and provide theoretical basis for breeding N-efficient cultivars. [Method]Dry matter production and N content of six B.napus parents （Zheshuang 3,Yangyou 7,ZJ1,Shilijia,Ningyou 14 and Huyou 16） and their F1 combinations from 6 × 6 complete diallel cross in maturity stage under two N levels were measured; heterosis of NUEg,combining ability and heritability size were analyzed and calculated. [Result]The results showed that NUEg has obvious heterosis; combining ability variance analysis indicated that NUEg was mainly controlled by additive,dominant and cytoplasmic effects; genetic variance analysis showed that additive effects and dominance effects were all significant in low nitrogen fertilizer and dominance effects were significant in high nitrogen fertilizer. [Conclusion]NUEg of B.napus has obvious heterosis.

Effects of Sowing Rate on Marginal Superiority and Yield of Wheat in Wheat-cotton Intercropping System

In the wheat-cotton intercropping system, total 6 sowing rates （187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, 337.5 and 375.0 kg/hm2） were arranged, and the effects of sowing rate on marginal superiority and yield of wheat were investigated. The re- sults showed that the effect of sowing rate on inner-line wheat was greater than that on side-line wheat; with the increased sowing rate, the marginal superiority of panicle number was reduced in overall, and the difference in panicle number be- tween inner and side lines was decreased from 9.0×10^5/hm2 （sowing rate of 187.5 kg/hm2） to 7.8×10^5/hm2 （sowing rate of 375.0 kg/hm2）; the marginal superiority of grains per spike was increased first and then reduced, and the largest difference in grains per spike between the inner and side lines reached 4.6 under the sowing rate of 300.0 kg/hm2; the marginal superiority of 1 000-grain weight and yield was gradually increased, and the largest difference in 1 000-grain weight between the inner and side lines reached 3.9 g under the sowing rate of 337.5 kg/hm2, and in yield reached 3 136.5 kg/hm2under the sowing rate of 375.0 kg/hm2. The effects of sowing rate on the three yield factors of intercropped wheat ranked as panicle number 〉 grains per spike 〉 1 000-grain weight. The appropriate sowing rate of wheat was 225.0-262.0 kg/hm2 in the wheat-cotton intercropping system.

China's Real Estate Market: Performance and Prospects

Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regional oversupply. Real estate risks in some cities have begun to emerge, but overall real estate risks remain controllable. Given the major changes taking place in the supply and demand of China＇s real estate market and the current stage of its development, it is projected that China＇s real estate investment growth will continue to slow down during the 13th Five-year Plan period and pressures on the renovation of inventory housing will intensify. According to the changes in the development of China＇s current real estate market, the objectives of real estate development will be adjusted to put a higher premium on the development level, the quality of real estate development, and the improvement of housing conditions. Reform and policy adjustments should be carried out to effectively prevent real estate market risks and to achieve stable operations inside the real estate market itself.

Application Effects of Ultra-fine Powder Shaped Maize Seed Coating Agent in Spring Sowing areas in northeast China

The research explored adaptability maize seed coating agent in spring sowing and effects of ultra-fine powder shaped areas in northeast China. The results showed that germination potential and rate both improved around 5% and the num- ber of root increased by 4% in the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent compared with the control group without seed coating. What＇s more, the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent took advantages in terms of fresh weight of seeding, stem diameter, and dry weight. It is notable that control effects on underground insects performed the best, with per- centage over 94%, which is more excellent relative to other agents in markets. Therefore, ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent can be widely applied in spring sowing areas in northeast China, without side effects.

Study on the safety production evaluation of the coal mine based on entropy-TOPSIS

In order to evaluate the safety production situation of the coal mine effectively,selected the indicators about mine production safety, applied entropy method to determinethe objective weight of each index, calculated the distance and close degree between themines and the ideal point and negative ideal point, and then evaluated the safety productionsituation of the mines according to the close degree.The results show that the methodprovides a reasonable, concise and more objective idea to evaluate the safety productionsituation of the mines.

Major accident analysis and prevention of coal mines in China from the year of 1949 to 2009

From the year of 1949 to the present, the China national coal output has been increasing quickly and became first in the world in 2009. But at the same time, major coal mining accidents still exist nowadays. In order to review the overall situation and provide information on major accidents of coal mines in China, we investigated 26 major coal mining accidents in China between the years of 1949 and 2009 through statistical methods, each of which led to more than 100 fatalities. Statistical characteristics about accident-related factors such as time, death toll, accident reasons, characters and nature of enterprise were analyzed. And some special conclusions have been achieved. For example, although we have made great progress, the safety situation in China coal mining industry is still serious, and the reasons for the mining accidents are all human errors which are not inevitable. Such results may be helpful to prevent major accidents in coal mines. Moreso, based on both the knowledge of other countries which have good safety situation nowadays and the safety management situation of China, we made suggestion on safety management of China coal mining. In conclusion, countermeasures were proposed in accordance with the results of statistical studies and the analyses of problems existed in coal mines, including the perfec- tion of safety supervision organization, the establishment of cooperating agency among government, coal mines and workers, the perfection of safety rules and regulations, the improvement of safety investment, the enhancement of safety training, the development of safety technique, and the development of emer- gency rescue technique and equipment.

Advantages of Maize-Legume Intercropping Systems

An experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 on sandy loam soil of West Bengal, India to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of maize ＋ legume intercropping systems in additive as well as in replacement series with different row proportions. Maize （Zea rnays L.） cv. ＂Vijay＂ （composite）, green gram （Vigna radiata L.） cv. ＂Samrat＂, black gram （Vigna mungo L.） cv. ＂Sarada＂, soybean （Glycine max L. Merril） cv. ＂PK 327＂ and peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） cv. ＂JL 24＂, were tested in monoculture as well as in intercropping situations with 1：1 （additive series） and 1：2 ratios （replacement series）. The result indicated that intercropped legumes improved the yield components of maize and offered some bonus yield. The highest maize grain yield （2,916.28 kg/ha） and maize equivalent yield （4,831.45 kg/ha） were recorded with maize ＋ green gram （1：1） and maize ＋ peanut （1：I）, respectively. The values of all the competition functions were always greater than unity and maize ＋ black gram （1：2） recorded the highest values of land equivalent ratio （1.433）, area time equivalent ratio （1.374） and land equivalent coefficient （0.421）. Maximum monetary advantage （Rs. 10,579.13） was found with maize ＋ green gam （l：1）. Maize ＋ peanut （1：2） combination recorded the highest relative net return （2.01）, net return （Rs. 28,523.08）, benefit-cost ratio （2.76） ad per day return （Rs. 259.30）.

夏播大豆荚而不实影响因素与防控措施

大豆荚而不实在黄淮海流域普遍发生,且呈逐年加重趋势,给农业生产以及育种研究带来较大损失,防控形势日益严峻,已成为黄淮海流域大豆生产上亟待解决的重要问题。大豆荚而不实的发生既与品种遗传特性有关,又与植株生长状况、水肥供给、环境因子及病虫危害有密切联系。从夏播大豆的秕荚率遗传、耕作制度、栽培措施、气象因素及病虫危害方面分析了大豆荚而不实的影响因素与防控措施,以期对大豆荚而不实有更全面的了解,同时对今后的研究方向进行了探讨,为综合防控措施的优化提供参考信息,并为抗病抗虫品种的培育提供新思路。

Yield trait improvement of bay scallops following complete diallel crosses between different scallop stocks

This study describes the complete diaUel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock （W） from Canada and local commercial stock （D） grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages （larvae, spat, and adult） were compared among hybrid （DW, WD） and purebred （DD, WW） populations. Significant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage （〉 1% of the mid-parent values）. The mean heterosis （Hm） varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the Hm values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The influence of maternal effects and mating types （intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses） on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ significantly （P〉0.05） with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length （SL）, shell height （SH）, shell width （SW）, and total weight （TW） were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive Hm values were observed in SL （1.5%）, SW （5.8%）, and TW （12.3%）, and were more significant in the DW groups （6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%）. These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.

Performance of Moroccan Wheat Cultivars under Tillage Systems and Water Regimes

The superiority of wheat grain yield under no-till has been reported by many authors, and others reported significant interaction between wheat cultivar and tillage system for grain yield and other related traits. Hence, new breeding initiatives are needed to introgress favorable traits into wheat and other crops in areas where no-tillage is being adopted. The identification of such traits is solely possible via the assessment ofgermplasm under no-tillage. Moreover, Moroccan wheat breeding programs are carried out solely under conventional tillage system whilst the conservation one is becoming widely adopted. So, the ultimate objective of this research is to find out if the used wheat commercial cultivars behave differentially under no tillage system and to propose the use of appropriate cultivars for the appropriate tillage system and to implement a breeding program specifically for no tillage system. The experiment has been carried out during 2006-2007 at Douyet （F6s）. Cultivars have been sown according to a strip-split plot design. At maturity, yield, yield components and related traits have been recorded. The results indicated that both water regime （WR） and variety （Vat） had a highly significant effect on all measured traits. In contrast, tillage system （TS） had similar effect on yield, grains m-2, biomass, and plant height, but had no effect on harvest index, 1000-kernel weight and heading date. The TSxVar interaction has been significant to highly so on all traits except on heading date. The magnitude of the interaction for grain yield was more important under irrigated treatment than under rainfed one. On the whole, No Tillage yielded more grains than conventional one. Moreover, Achtar and Areal （bread wheat cultivars） and Marjana and Marzak （durum wheat cultivars） yielded more under No-Till. The significant interaction between TS and Var paves the way for the implementation of a breeding program under no till system.

A Cross-Cultural Initiative： Engaging China＇s Middle Class

This study provides an evaluation of China＇s growing middle class, the new consumers for world economies and estimated to be 300-500 million people. By using internal analysis of market and nonmarket variables, we detail how the future growth rate of the middle class is dependent on three issues： domestic consumption trends of Generation Y in China, the valued opportunity of the science and technology industry, and the importance of maintaining a strong work force able to increase productivity. In particular, we discuss market demands from Generation Y, products best suited for Chinese consumers, and the effect social-economic inequalities in Western China will have on development measures of the middle class. Based on data collection, interviews, library research and econometric analyses, we show how these above issues will continue to influence consumer behavior, reform policies, and the growth of the middle class in China. It is important to note that economic growth and prosperity in China will only continue if the national government and private institutions, along with the international agendas of other countries, are in balance, and not excess, of the resources and capabilities available for desired growth levels.

Stochastic Thermodynamics of Mesoscopic Electrochemical Reactions

In this work, we discussed the stochastic thermodynamics of mesoscopic electron transfer reactions between ions and electrodes. With a relationship between the reaction rate con- stant and the electrode potential, we find that the heat dissipation βq equals to the dynamic irreversibility of the reaction system minus an internal entropy change term. The total en- tropy change Ast is defined as the summation of the system entropy change As and the heat dissipation/βq such that △st=△s＋βq. Even though the heat dissipation depends linearly on the electrode potential, the total entropy change is found to satisfy the fluctuation theo- rem 〈e-△st 〉=1, and hence a second law-like inequality reads （△st）≥0. Our study provides a practical methodology for the stochastic thermodynamics of electrochemical reactions, which may find applications in biochemical and electrochemical reaction systems.

How to Measure Sports Brand Equity： A Proposal for Football Industry

As in many other industries, strong brands play an important role in football industry inducing sales for the clubs that own it. Brands financial values are not quantified in balance sheets, so quantifying them provides important financial data. This is the research topic. The research questions are： （i） How is the importance of the brand in the revenues of football clubs and （ii） what is the financial value of the brands Futebol Clube do Porto （FCP）, Sport Lisboa e Benfica （SLB）, and e Sporting Clube de Portugal （SCP）？ This investigation was based on an adaptation of the inter brand equity model. This model considers equity as the economic value generated as net profit of the company, which can be apportioned to the brand. The data was collected from the financial maps of these three clubs between 2005/2006 and 2009/2010 seasons. In order to adapt the model to the football industry, a panel of five experts of professional football club managers was questioned. These experts claim that in football industry, brand management contributes with 16% of the economic value, sport management with 63%, financial management with 16%, and other factors with 5%. The conclusion is that FCP has the most valuable brand, with about 54.5 m , followed by SLB with about 51.6 m , and finally by SCP with about 39.5 m.

Evaluation of ERA-Interim Monthly Temperature Data over the Tibetan Plateau

In this study, surface air temperature from 75 meteorological stations above 3000 m on the Tibetan Plateau are applied for evaluation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) third-generation reanalysis product ERA-Interim in the period of 1979-2010. High correlations ranging from 0.973 to 0.999 indicate that ERA-Interim could capture the annual cycle very well. However, an average root-meansquare error(rmse) of 3.7°C for all stations reveals that ERA-Interim could not be applied directly for the individual sites. The biases can be mainly attributed to the altitude differences between ERA-Interim grid points and stations. An elevation correction method based on monthly lapse rates is limited to reduce the bias for all stations. Generally, ERA-Interim captured the Plateau-Wide annual and seasonal climatologies very well. The spatial variance is highly related to the topographic features of the TP. The temperature increases significantly(10°C- 15°C) from the western to the eastern Tibetan Plateau for all seasons, in particular during winter and summer. A significant warming trend(0.49°C/decade) is found over the entire Tibetan Plateau using station time series from 1979-2010. ERA-Interim captures the annual warming trend with an increase rate of 0.33°C /decade very well. The observation data and ERA-Interim data both showed the largest warming trends in winter with values of 0.67°C/decade and 0.41°C/decade, respectively. We conclude that in general ERA-Interim captures the temperature trends very well and ERA-Interim is reliable for climate change investigation over the Tibetan Plateau under the premise of cautious interpretation.

Strategic Management of Independent Film Production Companies

This article introduces the analysis of strategic management of film production companies. The first part presents processes and models of strategic management and introduces a new and unified model of strategic management. It is noteworthy that the film/film industry value chain helps to understand the notion that the links between separate stages have an impact on the company＇s competitive advantage and reveal how the main product in the film industry, the feature film, is developed. Therefore, the following part analyses models and composition of film industry value models. The final part of this article analyses the main features of a film production company and the sources of funding thereof. The strategic model of independent film production companies is based on the characteristics of strategic management and the value chain models of independent film projects.

The Brand ＂Made in China＂ as a Part of the Growth of the China＇s Competitive Advantage

In the eyes of consumers, each product has some kind of origin （its country, region, and continent）. The image of the place of origin influences the assessment of products and brands （brand image） they come from. Traditionally, consumers extrapolate the characteristics of the country and its inhabitants on the characteristics of the product. Chinese products are very common and they can be purchased almost anywhere. The consumer does not have to take any special efforts to acquire products ＂made in China＂. Many of these products do not have specific characteristics that allow them to be considered as the unique. Products, whose names indicate the place of origin, are witnessing an increasing popularity. In the case of products ＂made in China＂, the matter is different. Often, consumers do not admit that they purchase goods produced in China. Research on consumer behaviour in the market of chines products, conducted among Polish citizens, indicated that these products are readily bought. This article presents the results of the research on consumers＇ attitudes towards regional ＂made in China＂ which was conducted in April 2015 among Polish citizens. Furthermore, the article will include the comparison of attitudes towards Chinese products between consumers from Poland and other European countries.