低回收价值高环境影响末端产品再利用决策分析

以低回收价值高环境影响(low commercial value and high environmental impact,LCV-HEI)末端产品(end of life,EOL)回收再利用为目的,在LCV-HEI类EOL产品闭环供应链模型运行机制分析的基础上,通过构建演化博弈模型,研究了原始制造商(origin equipment manufacture,OEM)和EOL处置中心群体在市场机制下的长期演化特征,分析了两个群体在演化过程中的策略选择及稳定均衡点.研究结果表明,需要将OEM再制品价格控制在合理区间.此时,(回收,再利用)策略才成为EOL处置中心与OEM群体的唯一策略,这更有利于促进EOL产品的回收及再利用.并且OEM选择再利用策略,不管利润如何,政府对单位产品补贴满足一定条件,可以促进两个群体演化形成唯一均衡点(1,1).

逆向物流中的环境影响评价

逆向物流具有先天的环保意义 ,但企业往往无法准确估计逆向物流能为环境绩效带来多大改善 ,因而缺乏实施逆向物流的动力。而环境影响评价是解决这个问题的有力工具 ,只是目前在逆向物流上的应用还很少。文中论述了环境影响评价在逆向物流中的应用 ,包括估计逆向物流的环保意义 ,以及控制逆向物流系统的环境绩效。

A study of environmental impact on manufacturing products trade in Shandong,China

Based on the situation that the trade of manufactured goods takes the main position in Shandong Province,this paper identifies Shandong industrial pollutant discharge by three indices,which are industrial effluent discharge,industrial SO2 emission,and solid waste disposal.Furthermore,it conducts an empirical analysis of the trade terms of pollution content transfer on nine identified industrial sectors.The conclusion is that the increase in industrial effluent discharge,industrial SO2 emission,and solid waste disposal has paralleled the growth of the GDP in Shandong.The rapid economic growth brings obvious negative impact on the environment.Compared with that in 1998,the increase in the pollution content of exports in 2007 indicated that more environmental costs were generated with the economic development in Shandong.There is a need for optimization of foreign trade structure in Shandong,especially the need for increasing import of the pollution intensive products and decreasing the export of the pollution intensive products.The research on the relationship between manufactured goods trade and the environmental impact will make a contribution to the adjustment of foreign trade and environmental policies.

基于生命周期评价法的外卖食品包装能耗研究

基于生命周期评价法,运用python软件爬取了88267家商铺的美团外卖销售信息,选取不同材质的外卖食品包装作为研究对象,估算出沈阳市市区内2019年5月份美团外卖食品包装总能耗和环境影响总负荷,研究发现:PP塑料和PS塑料的外卖餐盒能耗最高;外卖食品包装的总能耗和环境影响主要由外卖餐盒产生,外卖餐具在环境影响方面的占比可以忽略不计;生物质降解材料在降低能耗和环境影响方面都具有显著优势;填埋、焚烧、回收三种处理办法总能耗相差不大,其中回收的能耗略低于填埋。因此,解决当前外卖食品包装污染问题,最有效的方式是从生产方面入手,确定合理生产规模、规范生产,从生产源头降低能耗。同时,加强外卖包装废弃物再生利用,推进生物质降解材料产业化发展,进行技术创新。