民用机载电子产品通常安全级别较高、功能复杂且可靠性要求高,为了保证飞机系统的安全性满足既定的目标,民用机载电子产品研制和生产须经过严格适航审查,来证明所研制的产品满足相应适航标准和规章的要求并表明符合性。产品转产将直接...民用机载电子产品通常安全级别较高、功能复杂且可靠性要求高,为了保证飞机系统的安全性满足既定的目标,民用机载电子产品研制和生产须经过严格适航审查,来证明所研制的产品满足相应适航标准和规章的要求并表明符合性。产品转产将直接影响到产品可靠性、产品生产效率、产品成本、生产一致性、制造符合性,也关系到产品能否顺利通过适航审查。本文以技术标准规章(TSO)适航取证电子产品为例,阐述了产品转产的重要性以及适航取证需要提交的生产数据,参考国外的最佳工程实践,说明了典型机载电子产品在转产过程中的开展的活动,阐述了制造成熟度量化考评的方法,以及在研制适航产品转产过程中所需要的角色和职责。AG600型号项目中的无线电调谐单元(Radio Tuning Unit, RTU)的适航取证经验已经证明了相关流程和方法的有效性,这些过程和方法也适用于其他电子产品的研发和生产。展开更多
Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production is generally controlled by two pathways. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize pathogen-derived products and induce NF-KB-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription; NOD-like receptors （...Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production is generally controlled by two pathways. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize pathogen-derived products and induce NF-KB-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription; NOD-like receptors （NLRs） assemble caspase-l-activating inflammasome complexes that sense bacterial products/danger signals. Through a targeted chemical screen, we identify bromoxone, a marine natural product, as a specifc and potent inhibitor of the caspase-1 pathway. Bromoxone is effective over diverse inflammatory stimuli including TLR ligands plus ATP/nigeri- cin, cytosolic DNA, flagellin and Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Bromoxone also efficiently suppresses easpase-1 acti- vation triggered by several types of bacterial infection. Bromoxone acts upstream or at the level of the inflammasome in a transcription-independent manner. Bromoxone also inhibits pro-IL-1β expression by targeting components up- stream of IKK in the TLR-NF-kB pathway. The unique dual activities of bromoxone are shared by the known TAK1 inhibitor that specifically blocks Nalp3 inflammasome activation. Hinted from the mechanistic and pharmacological properties of bromoxone, we further discover that several known NF-KB inhibitors that act upstream of IKK, but not those targeting IKK or IKK downstream, are potent blockers of different NLRs-mediated caspase-1 activation. Our study uncovers a possible non-transcriptional molecular link between the NLR （Nalp3）-mediated inflammasome pathway and TLR-NF-kB signaling, and suggests a potential strategy to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs.展开更多
This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has de...This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has demonstrated special features globally. To promote the development of China＇ s cultural industries, the effort should be paid to transfer culture resources into cultural products, to distinguish the responsibility of government and market, to integrate the value chain, to diversify revenue sources and to foster open environment.展开更多
文摘民用机载电子产品通常安全级别较高、功能复杂且可靠性要求高,为了保证飞机系统的安全性满足既定的目标,民用机载电子产品研制和生产须经过严格适航审查,来证明所研制的产品满足相应适航标准和规章的要求并表明符合性。产品转产将直接影响到产品可靠性、产品生产效率、产品成本、生产一致性、制造符合性,也关系到产品能否顺利通过适航审查。本文以技术标准规章(TSO)适航取证电子产品为例,阐述了产品转产的重要性以及适航取证需要提交的生产数据,参考国外的最佳工程实践,说明了典型机载电子产品在转产过程中的开展的活动,阐述了制造成熟度量化考评的方法,以及在研制适航产品转产过程中所需要的角色和职责。AG600型号项目中的无线电调谐单元(Radio Tuning Unit, RTU)的适航取证经验已经证明了相关流程和方法的有效性,这些过程和方法也适用于其他电子产品的研发和生产。
文摘Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production is generally controlled by two pathways. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize pathogen-derived products and induce NF-KB-dependent pro-IL-1β transcription; NOD-like receptors （NLRs） assemble caspase-l-activating inflammasome complexes that sense bacterial products/danger signals. Through a targeted chemical screen, we identify bromoxone, a marine natural product, as a specifc and potent inhibitor of the caspase-1 pathway. Bromoxone is effective over diverse inflammatory stimuli including TLR ligands plus ATP/nigeri- cin, cytosolic DNA, flagellin and Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Bromoxone also efficiently suppresses easpase-1 acti- vation triggered by several types of bacterial infection. Bromoxone acts upstream or at the level of the inflammasome in a transcription-independent manner. Bromoxone also inhibits pro-IL-1β expression by targeting components up- stream of IKK in the TLR-NF-kB pathway. The unique dual activities of bromoxone are shared by the known TAK1 inhibitor that specifically blocks Nalp3 inflammasome activation. Hinted from the mechanistic and pharmacological properties of bromoxone, we further discover that several known NF-KB inhibitors that act upstream of IKK, but not those targeting IKK or IKK downstream, are potent blockers of different NLRs-mediated caspase-1 activation. Our study uncovers a possible non-transcriptional molecular link between the NLR （Nalp3）-mediated inflammasome pathway and TLR-NF-kB signaling, and suggests a potential strategy to develop new anti-inflammatory drugs.
文摘This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has demonstrated special features globally. To promote the development of China＇ s cultural industries, the effort should be paid to transfer culture resources into cultural products, to distinguish the responsibility of government and market, to integrate the value chain, to diversify revenue sources and to foster open environment.
