基于Web的绿色食品产地信息系统总体设计

在人们不断追求绿色生产、生活的今天,基于Web的绿色食品产地信息系统的总体设计将更加有条理地对绿色食品产地信息进行合理规划,及时、高效、合理地为绿色食品产地信息系统提供技术支持,为人们的绿色生活提供安全保障。通过对绿色食品产地信息系统的总体设计进行讨论,从而体现我国绿色食品产地信息系统的科学性和技术性,为我国绿色食品产地信息系统的设计工作开辟新道路。

降香黄檀产地适宜性分析

目的分析了降香黄檀适宜生长区域,为确定降香黄檀种植产区及合理生产布局提供科学依据。方法采用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(TCMGIS-I),以道地产区海南省东方和昌江野生降香黄檀分布点的适宜生长环境因子,如气温、海拔、土壤和降水量等为依据,对降香黄檀的适宜区进行分析。结果海南、广东、广西、福建、中国台湾5省区,共147个县市,总面积60111.2km2为降香黄檀适宜产区。其中海南及广东、广西南部是最适宜分布的集中区。结论降香黄檀适宜区分析结果与历代本草记载产地及现代引种成功实践相吻合。研究方法为降香黄檀的引种和扩种提供较好的理论依据。

使君子药材产地生态适宜性研究

目的：确定传统儿科用药使君子生态适宜种植区域，为引种扩种和可持续利用提供依据。方法：根据气候相似性原理，应用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统（TCMGIS）对使君子进行产地生态适宜性分析。结果：全国共有17个省（市、区）为使君子的生态适宜产地。生态相似度100%的区域主要分布于广西、广东、湖南、福建等16个省（市、区），总适宜面积为1012895.98 km2。其中，广西适宜面积最大（195313.64 km2），其次为广东（150276.36 km2）、湖南（128925.29 km2）、福建（101471.16 km2）和云南（100660.83 km2）。生态相似度95%-100%的区域主要分布于云南、四川、贵州、湖北等16个省（市、区），总适宜面积为362366.25 km2，其中以云南适宜面积最大（92399.04 km2），其次为四川（76122.32 km2）、贵州（43902.38 km2）、湖北（31760.32 km2）和江西（29770.09 km2）。结论：TCMGIS系统分析的结果与实际调查结果、历史记载及文献报道基本符合。该分析结果可以作为引种地选址的基本依据，但同时也要做好实地调研和田间预实验，并进一步检测药材品质，因地制宜的进行规范化种植。

罗汉果全球产地生态适宜性分析

为罗汉果的科学引种和合理规划生产布局提供参考,采用药用植物全球产地生态适宜性信息系统(GMPGIS),对罗汉果生态因子及适宜产地进行分析;并采用最大信息熵模型MaxEnt与GMPGIS分析方法进行比较,利用余弦相似性与Kappa方法进行验证分析。结果表明:罗汉果的主产地在中国,巴西和刚果(民主共和国)为潜在分布最大的2个国家,印尼、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、美国、玻利维亚、泰国和缅甸在罗汉果引种栽培方面具有较大发展潜力。我国罗汉果主要生长在以广西为主体的周边各沿海省,并有逐渐向北方生长的趋势,其温度与原产地桂林相比缓步上升。主产地为广西,广东、江西、湖南为潜在分布较为广泛的区域,福建、云南、四川、贵州、浙江、重庆、海南、湖北和台湾也有少量分布。在最大相似度区域划分的210个地区中,其平均余弦相似性均在99.9%以上。

天麻全国产地适宜性区划及其种植技术

目的:通过天麻全国产地适宜性区划研究,为天麻种植地科学选址、合理种植提供依据。方法:应用药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统(GMPGIS),以183个天麻采样点主要气候因子数值范围和主要土壤类型为依据,预测天麻最大生态相似度的分布及其种植面积,同时结合天麻的生物学特征,阐述优质天麻药材生产过程中麻种及共生菌筛选、优良品种选育、田间管理、采收期及加工方式等关键问题。结果:除云南、四川、贵州、陕西等种植区域外,湖北、吉林、辽宁、湖南、山东等地也具有较大的适宜栽培区域。结论:研究结果可为天麻的产业布局、种植基地建设、人工栽培技术优化等提供参考。

基于TCMGIS的百蕊草产地适宜性定量分析

目的:通过对野生百蕊草标本的生态因子研究,寻找适宜百蕊草生长特性的潜在分布区域。方法:利用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(TCMGIS)对699个百蕊草标本地理分布信息进行研究,分析百蕊草不同生态相似度下适宜产地空间的分布状况。结果:百蕊草适宜分布区主要位于我国温带季风气候区和亚热带季风气候区,且处于我国湿润区和半湿润区;生态相似度100%的最适生长区域较为广泛,分布在30个省区的2049个县市,面积总和为3183197.7 km^2,生态适宜区主要集中在我国西南、东北、华东、华北、华中等地区。结论:为百蕊草的分布研究、野生资源保护、人工引种栽培和新产区预测等方面提供参考。

中国药材生产布局的数值分析

中国药材合理区划与布局是中药产业高质量发展的源头和重要组成部分。本研究以“三向地带性”理论为基础,运用“药用植物全球产地生态适宜性信息系统”,对中药资源开展基于生态特征的分布区划,并使用泰森多边形分析中药资源分布与市场及企业分布的空间匹配度。结果表明,中国药材划分为四大区:北方药材区(Ⅰ)、南方药材区(Ⅱ)、青藏药材区(Ⅲ)和西北药材区(Ⅳ),面积大小排名为:Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ。但四大药材区资源分布、生产市场及药材流通呈现空间匹配度不均匀,亟待优化。厘定了四大药材区19个代表水热条件的生态因子值。该研究首次提出中国药材四大区划分的标准,并提出生产布局建议,旨在为优质中药材科学规范化生产和布局提供依据。

长毛风毛菊的种群特征及生态适宜性研究

目的：研究藏药长毛风毛菊种群生物学特征,分析其产地适宜性。方法：采用植物种群生态学研究方法,调查典型样地长毛风毛菊密度、生物量;运用《中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统》（TCMGIS-Ⅱ）对其生态适宜性进行分析。结果：长毛风毛菊主要分布在海拔3 200~5 200 m的高山草甸,对光照等环境因素依耐性强,分布较为集中,生长密度大,产量高;全国共有西藏、四川、青海、甘肃、云南5个省区的226个县市为长毛风毛菊适宜产区,适宜面积338 776.89 km2。其中,西藏适宜总面积最大（148 175.55 km2）,其次为四川（110 216.46 km2）、青海（62 947.61 km2）、甘肃（16 233.09 km2）、云南（1 177.18 km2）。结论：本研究分析出了长毛风毛菊种群特征和适宜区域,对于其引种栽培、科学区划以及资源的可持续利用都具有重要的意义。

花椒和竹叶花椒生态适宜性分析

探究花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)和竹叶花椒(Z.armatum DC.)适宜生长地区,科学选择栽培区域。收集花椒分布样点196个,竹叶花椒分布样点289个,采用《药用植物全球产地生态适宜性信息系统》(Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants,GMPGIS)进行生态适宜性分析。结果显示,中国境内花椒生态适宜区包括云南、四川、湖北、陕西、湖南、贵州等28个省(区),竹叶花椒生态适宜区包括云南省、四川省、广西壮族自治区、湖南省、湖北省、贵州省等21个省(区)。全球范围内花椒生态适宜区包括55个国家和地区,主要在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲,竹叶花椒生态适宜区包括42个国家和地区,主要在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲、南美洲和大洋洲,均以中国和美国面积最大,占全球适宜区总面积的70%以上。花椒、竹叶花椒分布上有明显差异,花椒的适宜区域较竹叶花椒广泛,且在分布上有一定的重叠区域。

白芷无公害规范化种植技术

目的:为了解决白芷生产过程中盲目引种、生产无序等导致的药材品质不达标、农残超标等问题,对白芷无公害规范化种植技术进行探讨。方法:利用药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统(GMPGIS)Ⅱ对白芷栽培选地进行科学预测,得出潜在的白芷和川白芷各自生态适宜区。同时,根据白芷种质资源现状、产区考察、文献研究,建立一套无公害白芷规范化种植技术体系。结果:白芷引种栽培以黑龙江、河北、内蒙古、山西、河南一带为宜;川白芷引种栽培以湖南、江西、四川、浙江、贵州一带为宜。建立了一套从选地整地、播种、间苗定苗、施肥、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收储存、良种繁育的完整无公害白芷规范化种植体系。结论:白芷无公害规范化种植技术体系的建立为白芷无公害精细栽培奠定基础,也为现阶段中药材种植产业精细、集约、高产、高品质的种植发展方向提供参考。

半夏全球生态适宜性分析与品质生态学研究

目的:通过分析全球范围内半夏生态适宜产区,对半夏合理生产布局开展科学规划。方法:采用药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统(GMPGIS),以半夏道地产区、野生分布区的标本采样点气候因子值和土壤类型为依据,通过生态相似性原理,分析得出半夏全球内最大生态相似度区域。结果:半夏为广布种,在全球范围内适宜生长的面积占全球陆地面积的13.84%,适宜生长地区主要包含北美洲中部、亚洲东部及欧洲中南部。生态适宜区的国家主要包括美国、中国、加拿大、巴西等;中国适宜半夏生长的省份包括云南、四川、广西、陕西、湖南、湖北、河北、贵州等。研究结果基本包含了目前半夏栽培产区及道地产地。结论:研究结果可为半夏全球范围种质资源保护、引种栽培及高品质半夏药材生产提供参考。

Mining production information management system in an open pit based on GIS/GPS/GPRS/RFID

Using GIS, GPS, GPRS and RFID, a dynamic information management system of digital mining in an open pit was designed and developed.A linear programming model was set up in a practical application.By the model, the system can automatically draw up production plan of ore blending well every day.The system can monitor and dispatch open-pit trucks and shovels well, and can play back their historical paths.It can monitor and control the process of mining production in real time.By RFID, the system can also count the number of trucks'delivery and shovels'loading automatically.Experiments on real scenes show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy production standards of mining in open pits.

A MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTEGRATED STUDY OF RICE PRECISION FARMING

In terms of demands of rice farming in the southern China, the information processing system and the yield measurement system that is installed in combine harvester, are designed and completed. Now the systems have been used in demonstration site in the Experiment Base of Shanghai Precision Agriculture. Based on the idea of spatial-oriented, object-oriented, user-oriented, the Farm Geographic Information System for precision farming of rice was developed, which is characterized by intelligence and visualized. The Decision-making Management System is integrated with rice growth model, expert model for rice cultivation. The DGPS, RS, GIS and intelligence sensors and computer technique were adopted in building the artificial intelligence system for measuring grain yield that is installed in combine harvester, so the combine harvester could provide the grain yield distribution map real-timely. The environmental and economic assessment shows that the precision rice farming applied in the demonstration site will benefit the society, economy and ecology greatly.

Land Suitability Assessment and Landuse Planning： A Prerequisite for Food Security and Climate Change Adaptation

Though Ghana＇s crop yield growth rate was at 17%, 5% of every 1.2 million Ghanaians have insufficient and limited access to nutritious food. Climate change and climate variability have enormously affected the state of agricultural productivity and hence could result in food insecurity. As many ongoing projects use Boolean suitability analysis, land use planning, management recommendations sores, it still remains inadequate to support rural resource poor farmers. This then, is affecting livelihood and agricultural productivity. In this paper, a geostatistical quantitative method to support a geographic information system （GIS） based on multi-criteria decision support system （GMCDSS） for an enhanced land suitability assessment （LSA） and landuse planning （LP） was devised. Project findings indicated that, recommended farm inputs could be estimated and applied accordingly at farm plot levels Soil amendment indicators （e.g., 1.0 t/ha lime ＋ 1.0 t/ha gypsum was estimated for liming） was quantified and currently, farmers can save money in soil fertility management. It has shown that, instead of applying 5.0 t/ha poultry manure （PM） or five bags of N-P-K fertilizer （rate of 15： 15： 15 N-P2O5-K2O/ha） ＋ two bags of sulphate of ammonia （SA）, a farmer may apply 2.0 t/ha PM ＋ two bags 15：15：15 N-P2O5-K2O/ha ＋ one bag of SA. GMCDSS assessment has proved to be fundamental in： （1） urban planning; （2） ensuring food security; （3） poverty reduction and interventions to the effects of climate change and climate variability.

GIS island Knowledge： Documenting and Managing Catania＇s Historic Urban Heritage

The present study shows the results of a research aimed at the knowledge of the significant features of Catania＇s urban environment. The complexity of the different features of the city, the several scales of representation, the multi-dimensional objects and the historical, anthropic, formal relations have produced different kinds of information requiring a flexible instrument that is able to transcribe images, charts, texts and symbols in a single model of representation. In the perspective of creating a fundamental cognitive framework, the research team paid attention at drawing up a GIS （Geographic Information System） for documenting and managing historic urban heritage. The idea is to have a structure able to collect data like a logic archival system or an open database, which can immediately be consulted and constantly implemented. Indeed, the aim of this GIS is to organize, manage, query and visualise the peculiar aspects which characterize Catania＇s architectures. Thanks to multi-directional ＂access-windows＂ it is possible to navigate through its contents （texts, drawings, 3D rendering, pictures, historical documents）. The system will also allow the integration of several documents in a common geo-database up to visualise the most meaningful details. Its use could assure suitable proposals of urban transformations and coherent plans in using and/or managing heritage goods for a sustainable city development.

Iron-Oxide Cu-Au Mineralizing Systems： Eastern Yakutia Perspective

The GIS （geographic information system） used for predicting the associated with upper-intrusive zone of hydrothermal alteration IOCG （iron-oxide copper gold） mineralizing systems is shown by example of the northeast of Russian. IOCG ore deposits can have enormous geological resources with significant reserves of base, precious and strategic metals, are economically attractive targets for mineral exploration worldwide, but are still unknown in the northeast Russian. It was localized in Tarinskiy ore node （eastern Yakutia） field of brecciated altered rocks with sulfide and iron-oxide cement is a first in eastern Yakutia nature anomaly of IOCG-type with iron-oxide Cu-Au ± U specialization, that was formed close to the surface of Rep-Yuruinskiy pluton. It should be of interest as a new precious metals world class deposit type in northeast of Russia.

Human settlement's social network analysis based on spatial trend surface model:a case study of Chongqing Municipality

Integrated with GIS and remote sensing(RS) technology,a systematic analysis and its methodology for human-settlements social environment has been introduced.This methodology has been called spatial trend field model(STFM).STFM's application history in the field of human-settlements social environment has been discussed at first.Then,some index data models have been created through STFM,which include population density trend field,human activity strength trend field,city-town spatial density trend field,urbanization ratio trend field,road density trend field,GDP spatial density trend field and PER-GDP spatial density trend field.With all above-mentioned indexes as input data,through Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm(ISODATA),this paper makes a verification study of Chongqing municipality.The result of the case study confirms that STFM methodology is credible and has high efficiency for regional human-settlements study.

三七全球产地生态适宜性及品质生态学研究

采用《药用植物全球产地生态适宜性信息系统》(Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants,GMPGIS),对中药材三七进行全球产地生态适宜性分析,以道地产区、野生分布区及当前主产区的326个三七采样点的生态因子为依据,通过生态相似性分析获得三七在全球范围内的最大生态相似度区域。结果表明中国三七最适宜产区所占区域超过全球最适栽培区面积的70%;美国、巴西、葡萄牙等国家亦有少量最适栽培区域。三七主产国中国的最适栽培区主要为云南、广西等省区,该研究结果与近年三七主产区及种植新区发展相吻合;本文总结了三七栽培及野生抚育等资源再生模式和发展现状,从品质生态学角度归纳阐述了产地、光、热、水、土壤等因素对三七品质的影响。本研究为指导三七全球范围内生产基地合理布局、引种繁育等提供依据,为高品质三七的科学规范化生产奠定基础。

青牛胆的产地生态适宜性分析

目的明确青牛胆的产地生态适宜性,为合理选择种植区提供依据。方法以青牛胆道地产区及主要分布区的410个分布数据为基点,选取海拔、气候、土壤等9个指标作为主要生态因子,应用《药用植物全球产地生态适宜性信息系统》提取青牛胆全球分布的生态因子值,分析在中国及全球的青牛胆产地生态适宜性。结果青牛胆主要分布在海拔1400 m以下,受年均日照和年均相对湿度的影响较大。在中国,青牛胆的主要适宜区为云南、四川、广西等省区;在全球,青牛胆的生态适宜区域分布于中国、美国、法国等66个国家和地区,其中,越南、缅甸等17个"一带一路"沿线国家亦有分布。结论对青牛胆的生态适宜分析可为青牛胆合理选择种植区提供依据。