One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or...One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or a family of brands. Many companies are organized around brands or brand groups. Companies like Proctor and Gamble allow the brand to represent the product and do not associate the corporate name with their various brands and product lines. Branding is a powerful business tool. A number of dimensions of branding are discussed in this paper. General reference is made to brand identity, brand identity traps, the value of brands, and brand loyalty. The paper then discusses the influence of brand loyalty on consumer behavior, the importance of global brands, and country of origin effects. Lastly the paper discusses elements of customer loyalty展开更多
This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfie...This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfields. This is mostly due to Iran＇s political and technical limitations to carry out oil and gas projects. The trend of Iran＇s oil production has been forecasted based on a multi-cycle modified Hubbert. Three different scenarios have been assumed. In the first scenario, it is assumed that Iran does not have any limitations to carry out oil and gas projects and develop its oilfields. International sanctions and lack of foreign investment have been taken into account in the second scenario. Overproduction from currently producing mature oilfields and its effect on production trend is investigated in the third scenario. The most important parameter to forecast oil production trend is URR （ultimate recoverable resource）. URR of Iran has been estimated by parabolic fractal curve. Here, based on the plotted parabolic fractal curve for the oil fields, amount of URR of Iran has been calculated that is around 200 Gb. First scenario has two peaks while the second and third scenarios have three peaks. All of the scenarios have forecasted Iran＇s first peak in 1975 at annual production rate of 2 Gb/Year. Based on first scenario, Iran＇s second peak will occur in 2029 at 2.334 Gb/Year. Second scenario has forecasted Iran＇s second and third peaks in 2011 at 1.575 Gb/Year and in 2064 at 2.205 Gb/Year respectively, and third scenario＇s peaks have been estimated to occur in 2011 at 1.573 Gb/Year and in 2061 at 2.030 Gb/Year.展开更多
Let （M, g） be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold and T2M be its second- order tangent bundle equipped with a lift metric g. In this paper, first, the authors con- struct some Riemannian almost product structures ...Let （M, g） be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold and T2M be its second- order tangent bundle equipped with a lift metric g. In this paper, first, the authors con- struct some Riemannian almost product structures on （T2M, g） and present some results concerning these structures. Then, they investigate the curvature properties of （T2M, g）. Finally, they study the properties of two metric connections with nonvanishing torsion on （T2M, g： The//-lift of the Levi-Civita connection of g to TaM, and the product conjugate connection defined by the Levi-Civita connection of g and an almost product structure.展开更多
A new-generation TMCP(NG-TMCP) with ultra fast cooling(UFC) as core technique was suggested instead of the conventional TMCP in which some problems are to be solved.And the ultra fast cooling technology has been succe...A new-generation TMCP(NG-TMCP) with ultra fast cooling(UFC) as core technique was suggested instead of the conventional TMCP in which some problems are to be solved.And the ultra fast cooling technology has been successfully applied to the plate rolling production in Shouqin Metal Materials Co.Ltd.Industrial trials are reported for the production of X70 pipeline steels(about 70000 t) under UFC conditions.Pipeline steels with reasonably good properties have been produced on an industrial scale.UFC can improve the temperature uniformity,the mechanical properties and the plate profile of X70 pipeline steel.The performance features of the trial plates can meet the standard of X70 pipeline steel.Spot test results have shown that the qualification rate of shape control,the performance and charpy impact properties for the trial plates are 95%,97% and 98%,respectively.The impact values of X70 pipeline steel at UFC mode exceed the standard requirements of X80 pipeline steel.The productivity is enhanced because cutting quantity of head and tail of the plate is reduced.The enhancement of control accuracy of the red back temperatures is favorable for industrial production of X70 pipeline steel.The reduced production of the steel-making has been industrially achieved,since a new composition was designed by reducing the vanadium content to less than 0.045 wt.%.展开更多
We give some new genus-3 universal equations for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. These equations were obtained by studying relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of2-pointed g...We give some new genus-3 universal equations for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. These equations were obtained by studying relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of2-pointed genus-3 stable curves. A byproduct of our search for genus-3 equations is a new genus-2 universal equation for Gromov-Witten invariants.展开更多
文摘One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or a family of brands. Many companies are organized around brands or brand groups. Companies like Proctor and Gamble allow the brand to represent the product and do not associate the corporate name with their various brands and product lines. Branding is a powerful business tool. A number of dimensions of branding are discussed in this paper. General reference is made to brand identity, brand identity traps, the value of brands, and brand loyalty. The paper then discusses the influence of brand loyalty on consumer behavior, the importance of global brands, and country of origin effects. Lastly the paper discusses elements of customer loyalty
文摘This paper, using multiple-Hubbert model, forecasts oil production trend of Iran with special focus on Iran＇s insufficient investment for developing recently discovered oilfields and overproduction from mature oilfields. This is mostly due to Iran＇s political and technical limitations to carry out oil and gas projects. The trend of Iran＇s oil production has been forecasted based on a multi-cycle modified Hubbert. Three different scenarios have been assumed. In the first scenario, it is assumed that Iran does not have any limitations to carry out oil and gas projects and develop its oilfields. International sanctions and lack of foreign investment have been taken into account in the second scenario. Overproduction from currently producing mature oilfields and its effect on production trend is investigated in the third scenario. The most important parameter to forecast oil production trend is URR （ultimate recoverable resource）. URR of Iran has been estimated by parabolic fractal curve. Here, based on the plotted parabolic fractal curve for the oil fields, amount of URR of Iran has been calculated that is around 200 Gb. First scenario has two peaks while the second and third scenarios have three peaks. All of the scenarios have forecasted Iran＇s first peak in 1975 at annual production rate of 2 Gb/Year. Based on first scenario, Iran＇s second peak will occur in 2029 at 2.334 Gb/Year. Second scenario has forecasted Iran＇s second and third peaks in 2011 at 1.575 Gb/Year and in 2064 at 2.205 Gb/Year respectively, and third scenario＇s peaks have been estimated to occur in 2011 at 1.573 Gb/Year and in 2061 at 2.030 Gb/Year.
文摘Let （M, g） be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold and T2M be its second- order tangent bundle equipped with a lift metric g. In this paper, first, the authors con- struct some Riemannian almost product structures on （T2M, g） and present some results concerning these structures. Then, they investigate the curvature properties of （T2M, g）. Finally, they study the properties of two metric connections with nonvanishing torsion on （T2M, g： The//-lift of the Levi-Civita connection of g to TaM, and the product conjugate connection defined by the Levi-Civita connection of g and an almost product structure.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2010CB630801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51104046)
文摘A new-generation TMCP(NG-TMCP) with ultra fast cooling(UFC) as core technique was suggested instead of the conventional TMCP in which some problems are to be solved.And the ultra fast cooling technology has been successfully applied to the plate rolling production in Shouqin Metal Materials Co.Ltd.Industrial trials are reported for the production of X70 pipeline steels(about 70000 t) under UFC conditions.Pipeline steels with reasonably good properties have been produced on an industrial scale.UFC can improve the temperature uniformity,the mechanical properties and the plate profile of X70 pipeline steel.The performance features of the trial plates can meet the standard of X70 pipeline steel.Spot test results have shown that the qualification rate of shape control,the performance and charpy impact properties for the trial plates are 95%,97% and 98%,respectively.The impact values of X70 pipeline steel at UFC mode exceed the standard requirements of X80 pipeline steel.The productivity is enhanced because cutting quantity of head and tail of the plate is reduced.The enhancement of control accuracy of the red back temperatures is favorable for industrial production of X70 pipeline steel.The reduced production of the steel-making has been industrially achieved,since a new composition was designed by reducing the vanadium content to less than 0.045 wt.%.
基金supported by National Security Agency(Grant No.H98230-10-1-0179)the National Science Foundation of USA(Grant No.DMS-0905227)+2 种基金a Tian-Yuan Special Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11326023)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Ministry of Higher Education(Grant No.20120001110051)Peking University 985 Fund
文摘We give some new genus-3 universal equations for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. These equations were obtained by studying relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of2-pointed genus-3 stable curves. A byproduct of our search for genus-3 equations is a new genus-2 universal equation for Gromov-Witten invariants.
