Evolution of Transitional Institutions for Urban Land Redevelopment in China——Case in Guangzhou

Building effective institutions for markets is a great challenge to China's transitional economy. China's experience in establishing urban land markets is characterized by trial and error and the gradual evolution of transitional institutions. Based on archive data and interviews in a neighborhood(Jinhuajie) of Guangzhou,this research reveals that China's land redevelopment in the past two decades has followed an approach of partial and gradual reform,which was structured by the gradual evolution of transitional institutions to speed up local land redevelopment within the existing property rights system. Transitional institutions,including highly compensated residents' land use rights,in-kind land lease payment,flexible control on development rights of developers and short-term actual ownership of work units,are generated by the local government sequentially to dispel existing land use rights of different land users and make further development be able to follow market mechanisms.

Combining Geomatics and Conventional Methods for Monitoring Forest Conditions under Different Governance Arrangements

This study employed an innovative meth- odological framework that combines geomatics and conventional survey methods to monitor changes in forest conditions and examine their associations with local forest governance parameters in a mountain watershed covering 153.3 km2 in the middle moun- tains of Nepal. The study involved two spatial scales and analytical steps. First, geomatics techniques were used to map and detect changes in major land cover types in the watershed between 1976 and 2000 and to analyze relationships between forest cover changes and governance arrangements. This was followed by micro-level analysis of the relationships between the biological conditions of selected forests within the watershed and their governance arrangements, using conventional survey methods and analytical tools. The findings show that forest cover in the watershed in- creased by about 15 per cent during the period. The rate of increase in forest cover was highest in areas under a semi-government type of governance ar- rangement, while the community forests were gener- ally better in terms of current biological conditions compared to the semi-government forests. This in- consistency between the findings from the two analy- ses does not allow us to draw any firm conclusions regarding the role of property rights in determining forest condition, but it indicates that the outcomes of local forest management initiatives may be more de-pendent on local institutional arrangements regulat- ing forest use and maintenance of forest resources than on the type of property rights arrangements. The findings also provide evidence of the methodological suitability of the research approach adopted, which may be useful for addressing many other research questions related to forestry and natural resources management, particularly those involving multiple spatial scales.

Regulation or Property Rights： The Effect of China＇s Coal Mine Shutdown Policy on Work Safety

Since 1999, shutdown policy has been one of the most important industrial policies in China ＇S coal mining industry. There have been many controversies surrounding this policy and its effect on coal mine safety. This paper summarizes, analyzes and tests two contradicting views of the effects of shutdown policy on the mortality rate of township-and-village-owned coal mines. One view, or the regulative view, believes that shutdown policy induces firms to increase safety input, thus decreasing mortality. The opposing view, or the property rights view, argues that shutdown policy disturbs property rights stability and actually increases mortality. We built a simple theoretical model to analyze these contrasting rationales. The model uses the difference-in-difference method and provincial panel data from 1995 to 2005 to empirically test the policy＇s effects. Our findings are that shutdown policy significantly decreases output while also increasing mortality in township-and-village coal mines. This result is consistent with the property rights view.

Promotion of Industrial Development through Combination of Standards with Intellectual Property Strategy

The combination of standards and IPR (intellectual property rights) plays a key rolein industrial development in the knowledge economy era.This paper analyses the effects andchallenges that inclusion of IPR into standards brings to our industry.The paper concludes withsome advice on how to promote our industries.

Analysis of the Declining of Open Field System in the Medieval England from the Perspective of Institutional Transition

Open field system is the most important land farming system in the middle part of the Medieval England. It has the property of private property and common property right and exited for very long time. This article analyzed how the open field system was replaced by the enclosure system from the perspective of institutional t transition. By carrying on the detailed investigation, it can provide certain enlightenments and references to deepen rural reform, especially promoting the reasonable transfer of rural land use rights in China.

效率与正义:一场经济学与法学的对话

property right在经济学中被翻译成“产权”,而在法学中被翻译成“财产权”。从表面看,两者的含义大同小异;但在实际操作过程中,两者的价值取向截然不同。由此体现了传统经济学与传统法学的局限性,凸显出效率与正义之间的紧张与冲突。1973年,美国芝加哥大学法学院波斯纳教授《法律的经济分析》出版,使这种局面有了根本改观。但在此后很长时期内,这种改观只是由法学家单方面作出的努力。2000年以来,由萨缪·鲍尔斯、赫伯特·金迪斯和恩斯特·费尔为代表的经济学家终于对此作出了回应,试图在主流经济学框架内为正义之维寻求合理的地位。在他们最近发表的一系列文献中,正义不仅内生于效率,而且是效率得以维持的重要条件之一。

Deleting Vertices and Interlacing Laplacian Eigenvalues

The authors obtain an interlacing relation between the Laplacian spectra of a graph G and its subgraph G-U,which is obtained from G by deleting all the vertices in the vertex subset U together with their incident edges.Also,some applications of this interlacing property are explored and this interlacing property is extended to the edge weighted graphs.

Stable Rank One and Real Rank Zero for Crossed Products by Finite Group Actions with the Tracial Rokhlin Property

The authors prove that the crossed product of an infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebra with stable rank one by an action of a finite group with the tracial Rokhlin property has again stable rank one. It is also proved that the crossed product of an infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebra with real rank zero by an action of a finite group with the tracial Rokhlin property has again real rank zero.

Permanence of Metric Sparsification Property under Finite Decomposition Complexity

The notions of metric sparsification property and finite decomposition complexity are recently introduced in metric geometry to study the coarse Novikov conjecture and the stable Borel conjecture. In this paper, it is proved that a metric space X has finite decomposition complexity with respect to metric sparsification property if and only if X itself has metric sparsification property. As a consequence, the authors obtain an alternative proof of a very recent result by Guentner, Tessera and Yu that all countable linear groups have the metric sparsification property and hence the operator norm localization property.