A new biomass-gasification power plant, of medium-size downdraft type, is presented and discussed in its design features and performance characteristics. Its configuration and overall dimensions, initially conceived f...A new biomass-gasification power plant, of medium-size downdraft type, is presented and discussed in its design features and performance characteristics. Its configuration and overall dimensions, initially conceived for 800 kW, were recently re-tuned, from a functional point of view and on the base of a parallel theoretical analysis, by decreasing to about 400 kW the former nominal power level. This provision, jointly with the basic design choice of adopting a long and amply dimensioned inlet-biomass thermal pretreatment section, turned out quite effective in achieving high gasification temperatures and a low-tar content in the produced gas at fuel-to-air ratios well below the usually imposed ones, to the advantage of the heat value of the product-gas. The paper discusses the numerical analysis results which helped to properly re-adjust the operational parameters of the gasifier and then presents the experimental performance data of the overall power plant including biomass consumption, gasification temperatures, gas production, composition and pollutants content, cold-gas conversion efficiency and global electric efficiency. Special care is devoted to investigating the issue of a significant production of carbon-containing particulate matter in the product gas, which turns out made up of char and fixed carbon much more than of tar species.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current production.METHODS:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and ...OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current production.METHODS:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and the electric current was measured.Mitochondrial-affecting chemicals,2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP)and resveratrol(RVT),were used to induce proton leakage in cells and their effect on current production observed.MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited higher proton leakage relative tonormal liver cells.A mouse model for Qi-deficiency was prepared according to the Methodology of Animal Experiment in Chinese medicine.The Qi-tonics Buzhongyiqi Tang(BZYQT),which is used to treat the Qi-deficiency condition,was applied to Qi-deficient liver cells to examine how current production was altered.RESULTS:Adding either DNP or RVT to normal liver cells increased current production.MCF-7 cells that possessed high proton leakage were also found to produce higher currents than normal liver cells.Higher current production,lower cellular glucose content,and lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production rate were found in Qi-deficient liver cells,in which the use of DNP or RVT further increased current production.The use of BZYQT to treat Qi-deficient liver cells decreased current production,counteracted the action of DNP,and also improved cellular glucose content.CONCLUSION:High electric current production was found in liver cells with high cellular proton leakage.Positive current responses to both mitochondria-affecting chemicals,DNP and RVT,appeared to indicate proper mitochondrial function.The high proton leakage detected in Qi-deficient liver cells might have caused high energy losses,which served to explain the observed lower cellular glucose content and ATP production rate than in normal cells.These results might also explain the exhibited syndromes of low energy and fatigue in Qi-deficient patients.Proton leakage,induced by DNP or the Qi-deficient condition,was possibly caused by unusual uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and appeared to be inhibited by treatment with BZYQT,such that decreased current pro-duction was observed after BZYQT treatment.展开更多
文摘A new biomass-gasification power plant, of medium-size downdraft type, is presented and discussed in its design features and performance characteristics. Its configuration and overall dimensions, initially conceived for 800 kW, were recently re-tuned, from a functional point of view and on the base of a parallel theoretical analysis, by decreasing to about 400 kW the former nominal power level. This provision, jointly with the basic design choice of adopting a long and amply dimensioned inlet-biomass thermal pretreatment section, turned out quite effective in achieving high gasification temperatures and a low-tar content in the produced gas at fuel-to-air ratios well below the usually imposed ones, to the advantage of the heat value of the product-gas. The paper discusses the numerical analysis results which helped to properly re-adjust the operational parameters of the gasifier and then presents the experimental performance data of the overall power plant including biomass consumption, gasification temperatures, gas production, composition and pollutants content, cold-gas conversion efficiency and global electric efficiency. Special care is devoted to investigating the issue of a significant production of carbon-containing particulate matter in the product gas, which turns out made up of char and fixed carbon much more than of tar species.
基金Supported by College Research Grant of Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College(To Investigate the Effect of Chinese Medicine on Proton Leakage of Cells and its Potential Therapeutic Applications,No.R201406)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current production.METHODS:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and the electric current was measured.Mitochondrial-affecting chemicals,2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP)and resveratrol(RVT),were used to induce proton leakage in cells and their effect on current production observed.MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited higher proton leakage relative tonormal liver cells.A mouse model for Qi-deficiency was prepared according to the Methodology of Animal Experiment in Chinese medicine.The Qi-tonics Buzhongyiqi Tang(BZYQT),which is used to treat the Qi-deficiency condition,was applied to Qi-deficient liver cells to examine how current production was altered.RESULTS:Adding either DNP or RVT to normal liver cells increased current production.MCF-7 cells that possessed high proton leakage were also found to produce higher currents than normal liver cells.Higher current production,lower cellular glucose content,and lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production rate were found in Qi-deficient liver cells,in which the use of DNP or RVT further increased current production.The use of BZYQT to treat Qi-deficient liver cells decreased current production,counteracted the action of DNP,and also improved cellular glucose content.CONCLUSION:High electric current production was found in liver cells with high cellular proton leakage.Positive current responses to both mitochondria-affecting chemicals,DNP and RVT,appeared to indicate proper mitochondrial function.The high proton leakage detected in Qi-deficient liver cells might have caused high energy losses,which served to explain the observed lower cellular glucose content and ATP production rate than in normal cells.These results might also explain the exhibited syndromes of low energy and fatigue in Qi-deficient patients.Proton leakage,induced by DNP or the Qi-deficient condition,was possibly caused by unusual uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and appeared to be inhibited by treatment with BZYQT,such that decreased current pro-duction was observed after BZYQT treatment.
