吉拉克凝析气田单井产水分析及数值模拟

针对吉拉克凝析气田目前基本采用老井生产,井况复杂,边底水影响严重,开发调整难度大等实际情况,基于对气田综合地层水矿化度、油样颜色变化和油样密度变化、现代产量递减分析诊断曲线以及单井产水特征等的研究,对气藏单井产水原因进行了分析,认为低产水井受局部非均质性形成的共存水影响、高产水井受边底水影响而产水。为了正确表征油环及局部共存水的分布特点,综合国内外带油环凝析气藏建模方法,利用Petrel软件建立该气藏精细地质模型,并采用非平衡初始化方法及赋初始参数场的形式建立了气藏初始化模型。在单井产水分析基础上,通过数值模拟历史拟合对模型进行修正,为后期气藏开发调整提供了基础和依据。

高家堡井田煤层气井产水分析及设备选型

为了解决高家堡井田煤层气井排采过程产水过大,降压困难的问题,在确定产出水来源及分析高产水成因的基础上,采用数值模拟和产水量线性回归的方式对后期的最高日产水量进行预测,并提出针对性的排采设备。结果表明,该井产水来源于侏罗系中统延安组煤层及其顶板砂岩承压含水层;煤层本身的水文特征及XX01井所处的构造位置是造成高产水的主要原因;通过两种方法预测出来的最高产水量均在200 m3/d以上,产水量较大,提出后期首选电潜泵进行排采作业,为井田后期煤层气开发提供了依据。

苏东区块产水规律研究

苏东区块位于苏里格气田东部投入开发已有7年,伴随开发的不断深入,区块产水已成为制约产能发挥的主要因素。针对苏东区块生产井产水量无法计量、水样无法获取的现状,利用区块所辖集气站的产水计量结果及水样化学分析特征,对区块的产水规律及气井产水类型进行系统的研究,形成了区块产出水判识标准。研究表明:苏东区块水气比从南向北逐渐升高,总体上区块北部水气比大于南部;区块产出水主要为地层水,伴有少量的入井液及凝析液。

Genetic Analysis of a Biomass Mutant in Oryza sativa

[ Objective ] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [ Method ] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice, a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [ Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law（3：1）. The mutant assumed not only higher plant height, wider straw and earlier florescence, but also more tillers, bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene（Bar） in the T-DNA inserted, proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene （Bar）. [ Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.

Quantitative Study on the Relationship between Water Disaster and Grain Production of Hubei Province in the 1990s

The research explored variation coefficient of grains and analyzed the fluctuations of grains in Hubei in the 1990s in order to investigate quantitative cor- relation between grain production and water-related disaster. The conclusion is that the effective irrigated area and growing structure are major factors influencing grain production capacity, whose grey relational degrees were 0.91 and 0.85 with grain production, respectively. These indicated that water-related disasters have significant effects on grain yield in Hubei Province.

Isolation and Identification of an Acidophilic Fungus and Analysis on the Secreted Glycoside Hydrolases

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate an acidophilic fungus and analyze the acidophilic enzymes secreted by this fungus. [Method] A heterotrophic fungus was isolated from the leaching solution of a uranium ore in Jiangxi Province using oligotrophic acid selective medium （pH 2.5）, and was named RBS-6. This strain was then identified according to its colony morphology and molecular indicator rDNA-ITS. Finally, the glycoside hydrolases secreted by RBS-6 were analyzed. [Result] This fungus RBS-6 was acidophilic, and grew best at pH4.0. Its rDNA-ITS sequence shared the highest homology （98%） with that of Phialophora sp. CGMCC 3329 （GU 082377）. So it was identified as a fungus of Phialophora sp., and was temporarily named as Phialophora sp. RBS-6. It can produce six glycoside hydrolases, in cluding α-galactosidase glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-mannanase and β-glucanase. All the enzymes were acidophilic, for which the optimum reaction pH was 3.0-4.0. Among them, β-glucanase exhibited the highest activity at pH 3.5 and 50 ℃; in addition, it was heat-stable as 58% of the enzyme activity was remained after incubation at 50 ℃ for 60 min. [Conclusion] The isolated fungus which was identified as an acidophilic member of Phialophora sp., was a new strain producing acidophilic enzymes. This study supplied new data for the research on Phialophora fungi.

Behavioral response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute ammonia stress monitored by computer vision

The behavioral responses of a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) school to low (0.13 mg/L), moderate (0.79 mg/L) and high (2.65 mg/L) levels of unionized ammonia (UIA) concentration were monitored using a computer vision system. The swimming activity and geometrical parameters such as location of the gravity center and distribution of the fish school were calculated continuously. These behavioral parameters of tilapia school responded sensitively to moderate and high UIA concen-tration. Under high UIA concentration the fish activity showed a significant increase (P<0.05), exhibiting an avoidance reaction to high ammonia condition, and then decreased gradually. Under moderate and high UIA concentration the school’s vertical location had significantly large fluctuation (P<0.05) with the school moving up to the water surface then down to the bottom of the aquarium alternately and tending to crowd together. After several hours’ exposure to high UIA level, the school finally stayed at the aquarium bottom. These observations indicate that alterations in fish behavior under acute stress can provide important in-formation useful in predicting the stress.

Spectral Characterization of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter for Productive Inland Waters and Its Source Analysis

This study examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） and spectral slope （S）, and further to analyze its sources in three productive water supplies （Eagle Creek, Geist and Morse reservoirs） from Indiana, USA. The re- sults showed that he absorption coefficient aCDOM（440） ranged from 0.37 m-1 to 3.93 m-1 with an average of 1.89 ± 0.76 m-1 （±SD） for the aggregated dataset, and S varied from 0.0048 nm -1 to 0.0239 nm-1 with an average of 0.0108 ±0.0040 nmI. A significant relation- ship between S and aCDOM（440） can be fitted with a power equation （S = 0.013 × aCDOM（440）-0.42, R2 = 0.612）, excluding data from Geist Reservoir during high flow （12 April 2010） and the Morse Reservoir on 25 June 2010 due to a T-storm achieves even higher determina- tion coefficient （R2 = 0.842）. Correlation analysis indicated that aCDOM（440） has strong association with inorganic suspended matter （ISM） concentration （0.231 〈 R2 〈 0.786） for each of the field surveys, and this trend followed the aggregated datasets （R2 = 0.447, p 〈 0.001）. In contrast, chlorophyll-a was only correlated with aCDOM（440） in summer and autumn （0.081 〈 R2 〈 0.763）, indicating that CDOM is mainly from terrigenous sources in early spring and that phytoplankton contributed during the algal blooming season. The S value was used to characterize CDOM origin. The results indicate that the CDOM source is mainly controlled by hydrological varia- tions, while phytoplankton originated organic matter also closely linked with CDOM dynamics in three productive reservoirs.

Automatic Data Extraction from Websites for Generating Aquatic Product Market Information

The massive web-based information resources have led to an increasing demand for effective automatic retrieval of target information for web applications. This paper introduces a web-based data extraction tool that deploys various algorithms to locate, extract and filter tabular data from HTML pages and to transform them into new web-based representations. The tool has been applied in an aquaculture web application platform for extracting and generating aquatic product market information. Results prove that this tool is very effective in extracting the required data from web pages.

A techno-economic analysis of aquaculture business in Ogun State,Nigeria

Fish supplies 25% of the total protein source in developing countries. A techno-economic analysis was performed for developing a good business proposal for aquaculture loans to enhance aquaculture development in Nigeria. A case study of catfish Clarias gariepinus framing was conducted in Abeokuta North Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. The results show that the fixed cost is N18 338 per year, and the variable cost is N459 700 per year, accounting for the largest amount of the total; therefore, a profit of N43 289 per month can be made. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess any risk(s) that associated with unfavorable changes in government policy with particular reference to monetary policy. Positive net present value shows that the investment in fish farm is economically feasible and the net investment ratio is 3.52. Also, the benefit-cost ratio is 2.17. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 21% showing that the enterprise is able to offset the interest being charged on the loan. It is therefore worthwhile to invest into fish farm business in the study area. The study suggests that to better sustain the local aquaculture business, the government should create a good conducive environment to foster development of the fish farming. Government intervention is urgently needed to solve problems such as in traditional land tenure, grant credit facilities and subsidies, to enhance the aquacultural development in the country.

Food Value of Soft Dates Cultivated in Tunisian Coastal Oases

Coastal date palm cultivars are interesting through their soft dates, their abundant and earliest production than continental cultivars. Maintaining bio-diversity in Tunisian oases has become a subject of first interest in date palm cultivation in Tunisia. Coastal oases still retain a very rich and varied plant biodiversity in comparison with the continental oases, weakened by the mono cultivation of ＂Deglet Nour＂ cultivar. Study of soft date＇s composition can make there well known to date consumers, help to valorize there and to help of sustainability of coastal oases ecosystem. Fresh dates from 15 cultivars was collected, dried by 80 ~C in 20-24 h. Acidity was determinate by pH meter. Sugars were appreciated by enzymatic method. Ash and minerals was calculated by photometer and spectrometer. Chemical date composition study showed that coastal date palm cultivars are predominantly rich of carbohydrates, have a low quantity of sucrose which gives them an important dietary value. Their pH varies from 5 to 6, classifies them as the best date quality for fresh consumption. Their richness in Total Nitrogen Matters and total minerals makes them at almost the same level as the other date palm eultivars analyzed by different authors in different areas of date palm production. Mineral composition showed that these dates are K and P-rich and relatively poor in Na and Ca.

Stability Study on Hydroelectric Production Site Using Eigenvalues Analysis Method

The eigenvalues analysis method is generally applied to synchronous machines by using d, q-components. This paper presents the application of this method on an equivalent model for the synchronous machine based on phase variables a, b, c instead of d, q-components. The advantages of this approach, essential for programs using phase variables as state variables, are presented. The application of this method to a complete hydroelectric production site including hydraulic components （pump-turbine, penstock, gallery, reservoir...） permits the study and analysis of the interactions between the hydraulic, electric and regulation parts of the system. Results coming from the proposed eigenvalues analysis method and the numerical simulations confirm the interest of the presented approach.

Analysis of Harnessing Waste Fine Aggregate for Sustainable Production of Concrete Elements

This paper focuses on cement composites based on waste fine aggregate obtained from hydroclassification all-in-aggregate in the Central Pomerania region in northern Poland. In the world there are regions with poor supplies of coarse aggregate, which is one of the most essential raw materials used for production of ordinary concrete. In these regions, instead of coarse aggregate, there are often very large deposits of fine aggregate such as natural sand and fine all-in-aggregate. These raw materials may be used for concrete production of standard mechanical properties. Manufacturing concrete based on locally available fine aggregate is inexpensive which encourages the local production of fine aggregate cement composites instead of ordinary concrete, requiring gravel transported from distant places.

Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin, China

The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980 s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities(e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m3 above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities(e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors(e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m3 and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River.