Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the ...Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the resource conservation and global climate change, this could be defined as sustainable or green consumption for the most beneficial use of natural resources. However, on the point of environmental and public health, this is the way to disperse harmfulness of pesticide into non-target areas. Human and environmental health risk of exposure due to pesticide residue in such packaging waste could be a co-incident. This paper was aimed to determine a practical model for pesticide packaging waste management appropriate for Thailand based on the context of country＇s circumstances and the best practices reported around the world. Establishing some necessary components has been proposed, i.e. multiple rinse method applied by farmers conscientiously, central collecting site driven by local community, waste recovery program offered by pesticide production enterprises, and sanitary glass bottle washing plant registration and regulations launched by the government. In conclusion, governmental initiative and all stakeholders including in pesticide packaging waste supply chain should be encouraged to contribute their participation towards sustainable management.展开更多
Considering limited success in target-hitting discharge from alcohol industry, our attention was directed toward a recycling use of distillery spentwash (DS) in cassava bioethanol production by using a two-stage up-fl...Considering limited success in target-hitting discharge from alcohol industry, our attention was directed toward a recycling use of distillery spentwash (DS) in cassava bioethanol production by using a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket bioremediation (TS-UASBB). With the TS-UASBB, 2 4 SO , COD, N and P in the effluent from the DS degraded significantly and their concentrations were kept at 0.2 g·L -1 , 2.0 g·L -1 , 1.0 g·L -1 and 15 mg·L -1 , respectively, in 13 batch processes for water-recycled ethanol fermentation. With the effluent used directly as dilution water, no heat-resistant bacteria were found alive. The thirteen-batch ethanol production individually achieved 10% after 48 h fermentation. The starch utilization ratio and total sugar consumption were 90% and 99.5%, respectively. The novel water-recycled bioethanol production process with ethanol fermentation and TS-UASBB has a considerable potential in other starchy and cellulosic ethanol production.展开更多
Biosurfactants were synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.A.）, using sugar cane molasses as carbon source. Assays were conducted in a shaker with agitation speed of 200 rpm, temperature of 38 ℃ and aeration rat...Biosurfactants were synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.A.）, using sugar cane molasses as carbon source. Assays were conducted in a shaker with agitation speed of 200 rpm, temperature of 38 ℃ and aeration ratio （Vm/Vf） of 0.4 and 0.6. A concentration of 3.0% was used for the carbon and energy source （molasses） and of 0.3% for the nitrogen source （NaNO3）. Samples were removed at regular times until 96 hours of cultivation. The reduction in surface tension was measured using the ring method; cell concentration was obtained by the dry mass and substrate consumption by the DNS method. The metabolite produced was extracted and quantified by the thioglycolic method. The results showed a maximum surface tension reduction of 46.57% after 60 h, 3.63 g/L of biomass after 8 h （μXmax =0.15 h^-1）, 79.60% of substrate consumption （μs= 0.67 h-1） and 4.47 g/L of rhamnolipid （μp=0.029 h^-1）.展开更多
Twenty two fresh water fish samples namely Puntius sarana （Shawrputi）, Cyprinus carpio （Karp）, Oreochromis niloticos （Telapia）, Channa punctatus （Taki）, Wallogonia attu （Boal）, Eutropiichthys vacha （Bacha）...Twenty two fresh water fish samples namely Puntius sarana （Shawrputi）, Cyprinus carpio （Karp）, Oreochromis niloticos （Telapia）, Channa punctatus （Taki）, Wallogonia attu （Boal）, Eutropiichthys vacha （Bacha）, Macrognathus aculiatus （Baim）, Ailia coila （Kajoli）, Mystus cavasisus（Gulsa）, Ompok pabda （Pabdha）, Corica soborna （Kachki）, Mystus vittatus （Tengra）, Glossogobius giuris （Baila）, Macrobrachium malcolmsli （Chingri）, Amblypharyngodon microlepis （Mola）, Anabas testudineus （Koi）, Macrognathus aculiatus （Baim）, Channa striatus （Shole）, Heteropnueste fossilis （Shing）, Puntius sophore （Small Puti） and Pseudambassis ranga （Telapia） were collected from two rivers and one cultured fish pond. The samples were extracted by QuEChERS method, cleaned up with conc. H2SO4 treatment and cleaned extracts were analyzed by GC-ECD. Small size cultured rui fish sample which did show detectable amount of DDT and its metabohtes was used for the recovery experiments. Percent recovery was found to be in the range of 70%-113%. Amount of total DDTs were found to be 54.34, 48.81, 62.09, 54.72,78.81, 60.07, 47.0, 42.7, 26.31, 10.36, 25.32, 12.96, 20.10, 12.78, 17.65, and 4.71, 8.58, 11.3 and 19.01 ng/g in gulsa, pabhda, baila, bacha, baim, small purl, tengra, chanda, kachki, boal, taki, chingri, mola, shole, shing, koi, swarpurl, karp and telapia fish samples, respectively. However, the residual amounts of DDTs in all the fish samples were below maximum residue limit （MRL of DDTs in fish 5.0 mg/kg） according to Codex Alimentarius Commission. The ratios of 4,4＇-DDT/DDTs were in the range of 0.03-0.44 which indicated that exposure to DDT is not due to recent use.展开更多
Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .A...Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .According to the connotation of green supply chain and the standards of environmental management, this paper designs green performance measurement systems which is composed of four main factors such as waste emissions and exposure hazard, resource utilization, product recovery, and environmental reputation. And the authors delve deeply these factors so that it forms a two-level measurement system. Then the effect on the traditional performance measurement of supply chain is studied after taking greening to the supply chain leveL At last the authors apply the method of multi-level fuzzy judgment to the environmental performance measurement system. An example is given to show the judgment process.展开更多
文摘Pesticide packaging waste in Thailand has recently been valued as a kind of commercial product. Selling empty pesticide packaging to reuse/recycling business has been increased in all over the country. Subject to the resource conservation and global climate change, this could be defined as sustainable or green consumption for the most beneficial use of natural resources. However, on the point of environmental and public health, this is the way to disperse harmfulness of pesticide into non-target areas. Human and environmental health risk of exposure due to pesticide residue in such packaging waste could be a co-incident. This paper was aimed to determine a practical model for pesticide packaging waste management appropriate for Thailand based on the context of country＇s circumstances and the best practices reported around the world. Establishing some necessary components has been proposed, i.e. multiple rinse method applied by farmers conscientiously, central collecting site driven by local community, waste recovery program offered by pesticide production enterprises, and sanitary glass bottle washing plant registration and regulations launched by the government. In conclusion, governmental initiative and all stakeholders including in pesticide packaging waste supply chain should be encouraged to contribute their participation towards sustainable management.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2008AA10Z338） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20906041）
文摘Considering limited success in target-hitting discharge from alcohol industry, our attention was directed toward a recycling use of distillery spentwash (DS) in cassava bioethanol production by using a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket bioremediation (TS-UASBB). With the TS-UASBB, 2 4 SO , COD, N and P in the effluent from the DS degraded significantly and their concentrations were kept at 0.2 g·L -1 , 2.0 g·L -1 , 1.0 g·L -1 and 15 mg·L -1 , respectively, in 13 batch processes for water-recycled ethanol fermentation. With the effluent used directly as dilution water, no heat-resistant bacteria were found alive. The thirteen-batch ethanol production individually achieved 10% after 48 h fermentation. The starch utilization ratio and total sugar consumption were 90% and 99.5%, respectively. The novel water-recycled bioethanol production process with ethanol fermentation and TS-UASBB has a considerable potential in other starchy and cellulosic ethanol production.
文摘Biosurfactants were synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.A.）, using sugar cane molasses as carbon source. Assays were conducted in a shaker with agitation speed of 200 rpm, temperature of 38 ℃ and aeration ratio （Vm/Vf） of 0.4 and 0.6. A concentration of 3.0% was used for the carbon and energy source （molasses） and of 0.3% for the nitrogen source （NaNO3）. Samples were removed at regular times until 96 hours of cultivation. The reduction in surface tension was measured using the ring method; cell concentration was obtained by the dry mass and substrate consumption by the DNS method. The metabolite produced was extracted and quantified by the thioglycolic method. The results showed a maximum surface tension reduction of 46.57% after 60 h, 3.63 g/L of biomass after 8 h （μXmax =0.15 h^-1）, 79.60% of substrate consumption （μs= 0.67 h-1） and 4.47 g/L of rhamnolipid （μp=0.029 h^-1）.
文摘Twenty two fresh water fish samples namely Puntius sarana （Shawrputi）, Cyprinus carpio （Karp）, Oreochromis niloticos （Telapia）, Channa punctatus （Taki）, Wallogonia attu （Boal）, Eutropiichthys vacha （Bacha）, Macrognathus aculiatus （Baim）, Ailia coila （Kajoli）, Mystus cavasisus（Gulsa）, Ompok pabda （Pabdha）, Corica soborna （Kachki）, Mystus vittatus （Tengra）, Glossogobius giuris （Baila）, Macrobrachium malcolmsli （Chingri）, Amblypharyngodon microlepis （Mola）, Anabas testudineus （Koi）, Macrognathus aculiatus （Baim）, Channa striatus （Shole）, Heteropnueste fossilis （Shing）, Puntius sophore （Small Puti） and Pseudambassis ranga （Telapia） were collected from two rivers and one cultured fish pond. The samples were extracted by QuEChERS method, cleaned up with conc. H2SO4 treatment and cleaned extracts were analyzed by GC-ECD. Small size cultured rui fish sample which did show detectable amount of DDT and its metabohtes was used for the recovery experiments. Percent recovery was found to be in the range of 70%-113%. Amount of total DDTs were found to be 54.34, 48.81, 62.09, 54.72,78.81, 60.07, 47.0, 42.7, 26.31, 10.36, 25.32, 12.96, 20.10, 12.78, 17.65, and 4.71, 8.58, 11.3 and 19.01 ng/g in gulsa, pabhda, baila, bacha, baim, small purl, tengra, chanda, kachki, boal, taki, chingri, mola, shole, shing, koi, swarpurl, karp and telapia fish samples, respectively. However, the residual amounts of DDTs in all the fish samples were below maximum residue limit （MRL of DDTs in fish 5.0 mg/kg） according to Codex Alimentarius Commission. The ratios of 4,4＇-DDT/DDTs were in the range of 0.03-0.44 which indicated that exposure to DDT is not due to recent use.
文摘Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .According to the connotation of green supply chain and the standards of environmental management, this paper designs green performance measurement systems which is composed of four main factors such as waste emissions and exposure hazard, resource utilization, product recovery, and environmental reputation. And the authors delve deeply these factors so that it forms a two-level measurement system. Then the effect on the traditional performance measurement of supply chain is studied after taking greening to the supply chain leveL At last the authors apply the method of multi-level fuzzy judgment to the environmental performance measurement system. An example is given to show the judgment process.
