基于STM32F207VG的多功能生理信号产生测量仪

为了克服医学电子仪器往往不能同时产生和测量生理信号的缺陷,提出一种多功能生理信号产生及测量仪。该仪器以STM32F207VG微处理器为核心器件,软件用C语言编写,采用Keil C进行编译。不仅能够产生相位可控的正弦、方波、三角波等常用信号和心电、心音和脉搏波等常规生理信号以及临床上常见的异常生理信号,而且还能够同时测量多达8道的生理信号。本仪器可广泛应用于科研、教学、测试和仪器维修等。

医疗设备谐波的测量与抑制方法

随着医院医疗设备数量的不断增加,医疗设备在医院治疗和检查中所起的作用亦日趋提高。一方面装配各种电子装置的医疗设备对电网供电质量的要求越来越高,另一方面医疗设备本身也产生大量的谐波电流等多种干扰信号,从而影响医院的供电质量。因此,有必要对产生谐波等干扰源的设备采取一定的抑制措施,以确保电网质量,使医疗设备能正常运行。

Application of Climatic Productivity in the Analysis of Vegetable Yield

[Objective] Climatic productivity was applied to forecast and analyse the vegetable yield. [Method] Climatic productivity model presented by Zhou and the long-range climate forecasting method were adopted to analyse characteristics of the change of climatic productivity potential at Beibei District in combination with the ac- tual vegetable yield. [Result] The change of climatic productivity at Beibei District was fluctuant in an stable overall trend. The difference of spatial distribution of cli- matic productivity was apparent, with high climatic productivity potential in the north- east; in the actual production, vegetable yield was declining and it was the same with the climate use efficiency; according to the prediction, the vegetable yield would increase slightly in the future 10 years. [Conclusion] This study provides bases for the reasonable plan and layout of vegetable plantation under the climatic condition at Beibei District, as well as the selection of vegetable cultivars.

Sensitivity of Near Real-time MODIS Gross Primary Productivity in Terrestrial Forests Based on Eddy Covariance Measurements

As an important product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS), MOD17A2 provides dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately and continuously monitor global terrestrial primary production, which is also significant in effort to advance scientific research and eco-environmental management. Over the past decades, forests have moderated climate change by sequestrating about one-quarter of the carbon emitted by human activities through fossil fuels burning and land use/land cover change. Thus, the carbon uptake by forests reduces the rate at which carbon accumulates in the atmosphere. However, the sensitivity of near real-time MODIS gross primary productivity(GPP) product is directly constrained by uncertainties in the modeling process, especially in complicated forest ecosystems. Although there have been plenty of studies to verify MODIS GPP with ground-based measurements using the eddy covariance(EC) technique, few have comprehensively validated the performance of MODIS estimates(Collection 5) across diverse forest types. Therefore, the present study examined the degree of correspondence between MODIS-derived GPP and EC-measured GPP at seasonal and interannual time scales for the main forest ecosystems, including evergreen broadleaf forest(EBF), evergreen needleleaf forest(ENF), deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF), and mixed forest(MF) relying on 16 flux towers with a total of 68 site-year datasets. Overall, site-specific evaluation of multi-year mean annual GPP estimates indicates that the current MOD17A2 product works highly effectively for MF and DBF, moderately effectively for ENF, and ineffectively for EBF. Except for tropical forest, MODIS estimates could capture the broad trends of GPP at 8-day time scale for all other sites surveyed. On the annual time scale, the best performance was observed in MF, followed by ENF, DBF, and EBF. Trend analyses also revealed the poor performance of MODIS GPP product in EBF and DBF. Thus, improvements in the sensitivity of MOD17A2 to forest productivity require continued efforts.

Re-measuring Status of China＇s High-Tech Industries in International Division of Labor： Applying a Non-Competitive Input-Output Model

Based on a refined ＂non-competitive input-output model,＂ this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country＇s high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of＂ weighted value-added productivity ＂ by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids ＂statistical illusion＂ which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China＇s high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China＇s high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.

Measurement of Technical, AIIocative and Economic Efficiency of Tomato Farms in Northern Pakistan

The study measures productive efficiency of tomato growers in village Akbarpura of Disctrict Nowshera in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa （KPK） province of Northern Pakistan. The study uses household level data collected in summer 2010 from sample farmers selected by multi-staged sampling. The study uses a theoretical framework to measure productive efficiency and estimates the Cobb-Douglas frontier production and cost models. The study found that technical efficiency indices varied significantly, with technical efficiency index averaging at 65%. The indices of allocative efficiency also varied widely, with an average of 56%. There was a wide gap between the highest and lowest economic efficiency indices, with a mean economic efficiency of 35%. The study concluded that farmer education, extension visits, age and access to credit contributed significantly and positively to productive efficiencies. A policy implication of this study is that there is enough potential for farmers to increase tomato production and net profits. The study recommends that the government should further invest in public education and strengthen extension services farmer education and because extension visits constituted important determinants of productive efficiencies.

Study of non-revenue water status and enforcement measures to reduce water loss:case study in villages of Kermanshah Province of Iran

In this study, the volume and the cash value of water loss, and reduction of water loss as a result of enforcement action during 2011-2013 in the drinking water network of villages in Kermanshah Province, tran, have been investigated. Date collected by referring to the different parts of rural water and waste water company of Kermanshah Province and checklist were completed. The study showed the volume of produced water and sold water has increased and the water loss percentage has decreased. High cost of water production compared to revenue of sold water and water loss resulted in significant detriments in terms of the water production costs. Water loss level decreased from 33% to 30% as result of measures taken to reduce water loss but, it is still 15% higher than the world average level. Also the reduction in number of water resources and increase in the number and volume of reservoirs indicates a lack of water and a growing need. As result of high water loss, waste of costs in the contrast of water production cost and also because physical water loss accounts for most of the water loss of villages, necessary measures can be effective in reducing loss and have economic justification.

Analysis of the development of Surveying and mapping technology in coal mine production research and Application

Coral measure is a very important link in the process of mine development and production .The measurement provide basis for mine development and production. The accuracy of the measurement will directly affect the safety of coal production. The essay will elaborates the significance of coral measure and tells some new teclmology used for coral measure, and put forward to the ways of some common measurement problems. Finally, it discusses on how to improve the quality of coal measure.

New Technology Usage for Sustaniable Dairy Cow Reproductive Perfomances

Technology gives many oppurtunites for cattle farmers for easier and effective herd management possibilities. New era provides many realistic applications using smart applications for farmers. Especially milking is very popular for engineering applications. Reproductive technologies can be seen as frontier applications. Reproductive performances of the dairy farms can be defined as number of calves for cows in a year. It means new material for meat and milk production. Because new female calf means new cow for her while male calf means new material for beef. If meat and milk production are to be increased, cow productivity, i.e. the number of calves produced lifetime must be improved and increased. Although varying among herds, annual average herd incidences of reproductive disorders and reproductive performance were similar to those reported. Managerial practices influenced incidences of retained placenta and uterine infection, days open of cows not bred and of all cows, services per conception and percentages of herd open more than 100 days and culled for low production. Good heat detection programs can have a major impact on overall herd reproductive performance. The best heat detection programs start with careful timing, good observation and the effective use of detection aids. Being able to distinguish and interpret cow behaviour and other signs is critical, so are good record keeping and training for the people responsible for heat detection. Generaly, farmers with the best heat detection results use a combination of observation and heat detection aids. Several options are available to aid heat detection and increase heat detection rates. Although a rich variety of methods have been introduced for the detection of oestrus, a more accurate and practical method is still required.

Herbage Production and Species Richness in Sub-alpine Grasslands of Different Soil Parent Material in Northern Greece

Several abiotic and biotic factors were investigated as possible predictors of local species richness in two sub-alpine grasslands of Jenna and Belles Mountains in Northern Greece.For species richness modelling a hierarchical modelling framework based on generalized additive models was adopted.The two sub-alpine grasslands differed in aspect,altitude and soil parent material(volcanic origin,mostly trachyte,and andesite(TA) for Jenna and metamorphic rocks,mostly gneiss(G) for Belles).12 fenced squared plots,16 m2 each,were used per grassland,where soil properties,herbage production,species presence and cover of grasses,legumes and forbs were estimated.Mean herbage production was significantly affected by slope and altitude,soil K content and floristic composition as expressed by an ordination axis.Soil p H,floristic composition and average herbage production were significant predictors of forbs and total species richness.For the former,soil N content and for the latter the occurrence of Agrostis capillaris,were also included as significant terms in the predictive model.Thepredictors for grasses species richness were N content,having a positive effect,and average herbage production.In all cases higher species richness was predicted for intermediate values of average herbage production.Differential responses were found between forbs and grasses.The predictors of their species richness were different while for the case of the common predictor(N) the responses of the two groups were also different(grasses species numbers increase and forbs species numbers decreased with increasing N).Maximum species richness of grasses was observed at relatively low production levels while forbs species richness maximized at relatively high production levels.

High Accuracy Zoom Magnification Measurement

A precise zoom magnification is important for semiconductor industry and biomedical research. A novel measurement method is demonstrated for optical zoom magnification measurement in this paper. The magnification is obtained by pattern correction between barcode image formed by optical zoom and reference image generated by an ideal optical model. Measurement accuracy which is better than 0.06% has been achieved for optical zoom magnification. Compared with traditional concept, the measurement results are only dependent on two line edges. The barcode correlation method can achieve higher accuracy and better robustness by using the information over the whole field of view.

An Economical Scheme for Cloning an Unknown M-Qudit Equatorial-Like State with Assistance

We propose a scheme to realize quantum cloning of an unknown M-qudit equatorial-like entangled state. The first stage of the protocol requires teleportation. After the teleportation is accomplished, the receiver can reestablish the original state. In the second stage of the protocol, with the assistance （through a single-particle projective measurement） of the preparer, the perfect copy of an original state can be produced at the site of the sender. Our scheme requires a single maximally entangled qudit pair as the quantum channel and three dits classical communication. The scheme is feasible at the expense of consuming local resources which include M - 1 ancillary qudits introduced by the receiver and additional bi-qudit operations. Moreover, we construct a sort of unitary transformations which ensure ancillary qudits are not necessarily introduced by the sender. Comparing to the previous protocols, the proposed protocol is economical due to that the cost of both quantum nonlocal resources and classical communication is lowest.

Re-measuring Productivity, Energy and Environmental Factors of China＇s New Industrialization

This paper identifies low-carbon, energy-efficient, and green economic growth as the primary goals of China＇s new industrialization and defines productivity under new industrialization which; unlike conventional productivity, simultaneously satisfies these goals. In contrast to conventional methods for measuring productivity, this paper employs a non-radial, non-angular SBM directional distance function to estimate new industrialization productivity of industrial sectors across 30 Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions between 1998 and 2008. Our research shows that conventional measurements of productivity overestimate industrial growth in China＇s central and western regions. On the whole, prospects for growth performance of China＇s industrial sectors are not optimistic. The degree of new industrialization is higher in eastern region than in central and western regions, where balancing industrial growth with resources and the environment is a daunting task. This paper＇s conclusions support ＂environmental Kuznets curve＂ and ＂Porter hypothesis＂ but reject ＂pollution asylum hypothesis ＂.

Methane adsorption-induced coal swelling measured with an optical method

In order to quantify the effect of matrix shrinkage on reservoir permeability during coalbed methane production, coal samples from Huozhou, Changzhi and Jincheng areas in Shanxi province （classified as high-volatile bituminous coal, low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively） were collected, and adsorption-induced coal swelling in methane were determined by an optical method at 40 ℃ and pressure up to 12 MPa. All three coals showed similar behavior-that swelling increased as a function of pressure up to about 10 MPa but thereafter no further increase in swelling was observed. Swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is greater than that parallel to the bedding plane, and the differences are about 7.77-8.33%. The maximum volumetric swelling ranges from 2.73% to 3.21 %-increasing with increasing coal rank. The swelling data can be described by a modified DR model. In addition, swelling increases with the amount of adsorption. However, the increase shows a relatively slower stage followed by a relatively faster stage instead of a linear increase. Based on the assumption that sorption-induced swelling/shrinkage of coal in methane is reversible, the permeability increases induced by coal shrinkage during methane desorption was analyzed, and the results indicate that the permeability change is larger for higher rank coal in the same unit of pressure depletion.

Performance Calibration of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine

This paper presents the method for the performance calibration of AACMM （articulated arm coordinate measuring machines） according to ASME B89.4.22 Standard. The growing use of this class of measurement equipment has been accompanied by an absence of authorized laboratories to provide calibration certificates for its performance. Due to ASME B89.4.22 and VD12617-9 are nowadays the unique standards in the field of AACMM verification, IK4 Tekniker has compared both of them in order to develop internal test procedures to yield reliable performance calibration results. As a result, IK4 Tekniker has been recognized by the Spanish Accreditation Body （ENAC） in the field of AACMM calibration. Internal test procedures and uncertainty evaluation analysis have been developed as well as ENAC certificated reference test equipments have been acquired to ensure a suitable AACMM calibration process.

Development and psychometric evaluation of Nurses and Midwives’Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare

Objective:This study aimed to develop Nurses and Midwives’Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare(NMPR-PHC)and evaluate its psychometric properties.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed to recruit a convenient sample of 150 registered nurses and midwives from various primary healthcare settings in Jordan.Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and split-half reliability of the item.A exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the NMPR-PHC.Results:The final version of NMPR-PHC contained 18 items.Exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors(care coordination and interprofessional collaboration,workplace facilitators of the primary healthcare,management of care,research,workplace constraints of primary healthcare,and advanced education)for the questionnaire which explained 66.49%of the total variance.The Cronbach’s a of the total scale was 0.834,the subscales Cronbach’s a were ranging between 0.662 and 0.770,and the splithalf reliability of the total scale was 0.734.Conclusion:The overall performance of the questionnaire showed promising sound psychometric properties.The NMPR-PHC can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment of nurses and midwives’perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare.

Research on Performance Measurement System of Knowledge Strategy for Firms

Knowledge has become the most important strategic resource of firms, and the competition among firms is more based on knowledge than before. To deal with this challenge, some firms are trying to develop knowledge strategies to direct their knowledge management activities, but current strategic performance measurement systems can＇t evaluate the performance of knowledge strategies appropriately. This article develops a performance measurement system for knowledge strategies based on Balanced Scorecard, and simulates the system with an improved Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） model.

A new adaptive bending method using closed loop feedback control

As the competition from companies in low cost countries increases,the need for more automated production which reduces labour cost while improving product quality is required.A new rotary compression bending set-up with automated closed-loop feedback control is thus being developed.By transferring in-process measurement data into an algorithm for predicting springback and bend angle prior to the unloading sequence,the dimensional accuracy is improved.This work focuses on the development of this steering model.Since the method used does not increase cycle time,it is attractive for high-volume industrial applications.More than 150 bending tests of AA6060 extrusions were conducted to determine the capability of the technology.The results show that by activating the automated closed-loop feedback system,the dimensional accuracy of the bent parts is more than three times better than that obtained by traditional compression bending.Since the steering model permits the direct use of additional process data,such as instant wall thickness and cross sectional distortions,it is believed that extension of the measurement capabilities would improve the accuracy of the methodology even further.

Modeling Gross Primary Production by Integrating Satellite Data and Coordinated Flux Measurements in Arid and Semi-Arid China

Assessing large-scale patterns of gross primary production (GPP) in arid and semi-arid (ASA) areas is important for both scientific and practical purposes.Remote sensing-based models,which integrate satellite data with input from ground-based meteorological measurements and vegetation characteristics,improve spatially extended estimates of vegetation productivity with high accuracy.In this study,the authors simulated GPP in ASA areas by integrating moderate resolution imaging spectral radiometer (MODIS) data with eddy covariance and meteorological measurements at the flux tower sites using the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM),which is a remote sensing-based model for analyzing the spatial pattern of GPP in different land cover types.The field data were collected by coordinating observations at nine stations in 2008.The results indicate that in the region during the growing season GPP was highest in cropland sites,second highest in woodland sites,and lowest in grassland sites.VPM captured the temporal and spatial characteristics of GPP for different land covers in ASA areas.Further,Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP in densely vegetated areas,while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP over less dense vegetation.This study demonstrates the potential of satellite-driven models for scaling-up GPP,which is a key component for studying the carbon cycle at regional and global scales.

Food Physics and Food Safety- Some Aspects in Food Processing and Food Quality Control

The article deals with special questions of some aspects of food safety and application of methods of food physics in food processing and also in food quality control and quality assurance. The role of food safety has developed significantly in the last 2 decades, so today the production and processing of safe and quality food is of primary importance. Modem food production is based on principles of GAP and GMP （including GHP） and different methods and tools for quality control and assurance （IFS, HACCP, ISO-9000, ISO-9000/2010, ISO-22000, TQM）. There are different techniques and methods to produce safe food and to control the quality of the foodstuffs. The modem, up-to-date technologies and measurement techniques involve the application of many physical methods - high pressure, pulsing electrical field, microwave, non-destructive techniques （e.g., INAA, NMR, NIR-NIT, PAS）, radiation treatments as well. Using radiation technologies （of course not only nuclear ones） it is possible to fulfil some very important expectations of modem food processing, e.g., decrease of microbial contamination, improvement of sensory properties, increase of storability of food products.