In order to further study the influence of high-yield-water on the productivity of CBM （coalbed methane） wells and the expulsion and production method carried out in CBM wells, by means of analyzing and researching ...In order to further study the influence of high-yield-water on the productivity of CBM （coalbed methane） wells and the expulsion and production method carried out in CBM wells, by means of analyzing and researching production characteris- tics and geologic condition of the CBM wells with high water yield in Yanchuannan block located at the eastern margin of Or- dos basin, the mechanism of high water yield decreasing the productivity of CBM well was discussed, and the expulsion and production method for this type of CBM well was proposed. The results show that high water yield would decrease the produc- tivity of CBM wells, and the mechanism is： first, in some circumstances, high water yield could reflect that there was dissipa- tion during the process of coalbed methane reservoir forming, which would lower the gas saturation of coal gas reservoir and reduce the productivity of CBM well; second, a large quantity of coalbed methane dissipated in the form of solution gas, caus- ing the practical reservoir pressure when gas appeared in casing to be lower than critical desorption pressure of the coal bed; finally, the CBM well with high water yield would have higher requirements of discharge and mining installation, system and continuity, and any link with problems would have a great impact on the well＇s productivity and would increase the difficulty of discharge and mining. In the case of wells with high water yield, the key is to select applicable discharge and mining installa- tion, which should be able to make the bottom hole flowing pressure decline smoothly and fast, and make the wells produce gas as quickly as possible but able to slow down the rate of discharge and mining properly when gas has appeared. In addition, in view of the CBM wells with high water yield, an installation lectotype method based on Darcy＇s law was proposed, which was found with good accuracy and practicability through field application.展开更多
Inulin and oligofructose that are used in animal nutrition originate from chicory roots. Chicory fructans were shown to be prebiotic （selectively interacting with intestinal bacterial ecosystem） in humans and in ani...Inulin and oligofructose that are used in animal nutrition originate from chicory roots. Chicory fructans were shown to be prebiotic （selectively interacting with intestinal bacterial ecosystem） in humans and in animals, including livestock and pets. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chicory and satureja hortensis root powders, which are commonly used as alternative to antibiotics, on performance and carcass characteristic of broilers. The study included 280 Ross 308 male broiler chicks （1-day old at the beginning of the study）. There were 7 treatment groups, each consisting of 4 replicates （10 chicks in each replicate）. Chicory root powder （CRP） were added in 2%, 4% and 6% doses and satureja hortensis root powder （SHRP） were added in 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% doses to starter and grower diets. The experiment lasted 42 days. Results showed that adding 2% of chicory root powder to the diet rather than control group, had significant effect on body weight gain （BWG）, feed intake （FI） and feed conversion rate （FCR）. All treatments of SHRP rather than control group significantly decreased FCR and feed intake. Treating with 6% CRP in days 1 to 21 in contrast to control group significantly decreased feed intake, but hadn＇t significant effect on FCR. Consequently we concluded that, using 2% CRP and different levels of SHRP had significant effect on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers.展开更多
This study presents investigation and assessment of wind characteristics and wind energy potential for four sites at the Jordanian southern region （Hareer, Ma＇an, Aqaba and Fujaij）. Based on the available measured ...This study presents investigation and assessment of wind characteristics and wind energy potential for four sites at the Jordanian southern region （Hareer, Ma＇an, Aqaba and Fujaij）. Based on the available measured data sources, the data were analyzed using hourly and mean monthly WS （wind speed） data at different heights, using a two-parameter probability distribution of Weibull function. The recognized monthly and yearly Weibull functions were considered for the second analysis step. The wind potential energy yields assessment for an ideal capable wind turbine was implemented. Finally, for energy yield estimation, a wind turbine from Vestas with a 660 kW rated power was chosen. The wind turbine characteristics： AF （availability factor）, CF （capacity factor） and wind turbine efficiency （η）, were defined and calculated for each site. The result of the analysis showed that, all sites have good wind energy potential, the Hareer site at Tafila has the best wind resources.展开更多
The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine （RP-Met） supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous （2.2 - 0.4...The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine （RP-Met） supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous （2.2 - 0.40 parity） Holstein dairy cows, averaged 620 ± 12.3 kg of BW, 68 ± 2.5 day in milk and daily milk production averaged 26.0 ±0.3 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were： control （without RP-Met）, LRP-Met, MRP-Met and HRP-Met with 20, 40 and 60 g RP-Met per cow per day, respectively. RP-Met was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 d of adaptation and 15 d of sampling. Dry matter （DM） intake and milk yields were not affected （P 〉 0.05） with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Yields of 4%FCM, ECM, milk fat and milk protein were higher （P 〈 0.03） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically （P 〈 0.05） changed due to the higher percentage of milk fat and protein for RP-Met supplementation than control （P 〈 0.03）. Ruminal pH tended to be lower （P = 0.071） for RP-Met supplementation than control, whereas total VFA concentration tended to be higher （P = 0.086） for RP-Met supplementation than control. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased linearly （P = 0.001） from 4.01 to 3.57 as RP-Met supplementation increased due to the increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in the total tract were higher （P 〈 0.05） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically （P 〈 0.05） increased with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Plasma concentrations of glucose not affected （P 〉 0.05） with RP-Met supplementation, Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA） were significantly lower （P = 0.017） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly （P = 0.011） changed. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower （P = 0.068） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly （P = 0.001） changed. The present results indicate that supplementation of diet with RP-Met improved the content of milk fat and protein, rumen fermentation and feed digestion, decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA. It was suggested that the RP-Met stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum RP-Met dose was about 25 g RP-Met per cow per day.展开更多
文摘In order to further study the influence of high-yield-water on the productivity of CBM （coalbed methane） wells and the expulsion and production method carried out in CBM wells, by means of analyzing and researching production characteris- tics and geologic condition of the CBM wells with high water yield in Yanchuannan block located at the eastern margin of Or- dos basin, the mechanism of high water yield decreasing the productivity of CBM well was discussed, and the expulsion and production method for this type of CBM well was proposed. The results show that high water yield would decrease the produc- tivity of CBM wells, and the mechanism is： first, in some circumstances, high water yield could reflect that there was dissipa- tion during the process of coalbed methane reservoir forming, which would lower the gas saturation of coal gas reservoir and reduce the productivity of CBM well; second, a large quantity of coalbed methane dissipated in the form of solution gas, caus- ing the practical reservoir pressure when gas appeared in casing to be lower than critical desorption pressure of the coal bed; finally, the CBM well with high water yield would have higher requirements of discharge and mining installation, system and continuity, and any link with problems would have a great impact on the well＇s productivity and would increase the difficulty of discharge and mining. In the case of wells with high water yield, the key is to select applicable discharge and mining installa- tion, which should be able to make the bottom hole flowing pressure decline smoothly and fast, and make the wells produce gas as quickly as possible but able to slow down the rate of discharge and mining properly when gas has appeared. In addition, in view of the CBM wells with high water yield, an installation lectotype method based on Darcy＇s law was proposed, which was found with good accuracy and practicability through field application.
文摘Inulin and oligofructose that are used in animal nutrition originate from chicory roots. Chicory fructans were shown to be prebiotic （selectively interacting with intestinal bacterial ecosystem） in humans and in animals, including livestock and pets. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chicory and satureja hortensis root powders, which are commonly used as alternative to antibiotics, on performance and carcass characteristic of broilers. The study included 280 Ross 308 male broiler chicks （1-day old at the beginning of the study）. There were 7 treatment groups, each consisting of 4 replicates （10 chicks in each replicate）. Chicory root powder （CRP） were added in 2%, 4% and 6% doses and satureja hortensis root powder （SHRP） were added in 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% doses to starter and grower diets. The experiment lasted 42 days. Results showed that adding 2% of chicory root powder to the diet rather than control group, had significant effect on body weight gain （BWG）, feed intake （FI） and feed conversion rate （FCR）. All treatments of SHRP rather than control group significantly decreased FCR and feed intake. Treating with 6% CRP in days 1 to 21 in contrast to control group significantly decreased feed intake, but hadn＇t significant effect on FCR. Consequently we concluded that, using 2% CRP and different levels of SHRP had significant effect on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers.
文摘This study presents investigation and assessment of wind characteristics and wind energy potential for four sites at the Jordanian southern region （Hareer, Ma＇an, Aqaba and Fujaij）. Based on the available measured data sources, the data were analyzed using hourly and mean monthly WS （wind speed） data at different heights, using a two-parameter probability distribution of Weibull function. The recognized monthly and yearly Weibull functions were considered for the second analysis step. The wind potential energy yields assessment for an ideal capable wind turbine was implemented. Finally, for energy yield estimation, a wind turbine from Vestas with a 660 kW rated power was chosen. The wind turbine characteristics： AF （availability factor）, CF （capacity factor） and wind turbine efficiency （η）, were defined and calculated for each site. The result of the analysis showed that, all sites have good wind energy potential, the Hareer site at Tafila has the best wind resources.
文摘The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine （RP-Met） supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous （2.2 - 0.40 parity） Holstein dairy cows, averaged 620 ± 12.3 kg of BW, 68 ± 2.5 day in milk and daily milk production averaged 26.0 ±0.3 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were： control （without RP-Met）, LRP-Met, MRP-Met and HRP-Met with 20, 40 and 60 g RP-Met per cow per day, respectively. RP-Met was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 d of adaptation and 15 d of sampling. Dry matter （DM） intake and milk yields were not affected （P 〉 0.05） with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Yields of 4%FCM, ECM, milk fat and milk protein were higher （P 〈 0.03） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically （P 〈 0.05） changed due to the higher percentage of milk fat and protein for RP-Met supplementation than control （P 〈 0.03）. Ruminal pH tended to be lower （P = 0.071） for RP-Met supplementation than control, whereas total VFA concentration tended to be higher （P = 0.086） for RP-Met supplementation than control. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased linearly （P = 0.001） from 4.01 to 3.57 as RP-Met supplementation increased due to the increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in the total tract were higher （P 〈 0.05） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically （P 〈 0.05） increased with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Plasma concentrations of glucose not affected （P 〉 0.05） with RP-Met supplementation, Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA） were significantly lower （P = 0.017） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly （P = 0.011） changed. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower （P = 0.068） for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly （P = 0.001） changed. The present results indicate that supplementation of diet with RP-Met improved the content of milk fat and protein, rumen fermentation and feed digestion, decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA. It was suggested that the RP-Met stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum RP-Met dose was about 25 g RP-Met per cow per day.
