[目的]利用正交试验设计对青贮用黄曲霉毒素降解菌株N-1a产芽胞条件进行优化。[方法]以菌株的菌体生物量和芽胞形成率作为考察指标,利用单因素试验和正交试验设计优化菌株N-1a的发酵用培养基组成和培养条件。[结果]优化后的N-1a最佳产...[目的]利用正交试验设计对青贮用黄曲霉毒素降解菌株N-1a产芽胞条件进行优化。[方法]以菌株的菌体生物量和芽胞形成率作为考察指标,利用单因素试验和正交试验设计优化菌株N-1a的发酵用培养基组成和培养条件。[结果]优化后的N-1a最佳产芽胞培养基组成配比为:玉米粉2.0%,黄豆饼粉1.0%,MnSO_4·H_2O 0.10%,MgSO_4·5H_2O 0.01%;最佳产芽胞条件为:p H值为7.0,发酵时间48 h,接种量4%,装液量75 m L/250 m L培养基;在该条件下,N-1a的菌体生物量为6.08×10~8cfu/m L,芽胞形成率为81.25%。[结论]菌株N-1a的摇瓶产芽胞条件为其中试生产提供了实验依据。展开更多
The research explored adaptability maize seed coating agent in spring sowing and effects of ultra-fine powder shaped areas in northeast China. The results showed that germination potential and rate both improved aroun...The research explored adaptability maize seed coating agent in spring sowing and effects of ultra-fine powder shaped areas in northeast China. The results showed that germination potential and rate both improved around 5% and the num- ber of root increased by 4% in the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent compared with the control group without seed coating. What's more, the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent took advantages in terms of fresh weight of seeding, stem diameter, and dry weight. It is notable that control effects on underground insects performed the best, with per- centage over 94%, which is more excellent relative to other agents in markets. Therefore, ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent can be widely applied in spring sowing areas in northeast China, without side effects.展开更多
Using the commercial seeds of two hybrid rice varieties including Lu- liangyou 996 and Liangyoupeijiu as the materials, four specific gravity-based seed grading treatments, Le., the specific gravity of 〈1.0 (T1), 1...Using the commercial seeds of two hybrid rice varieties including Lu- liangyou 996 and Liangyoupeijiu as the materials, four specific gravity-based seed grading treatments, Le., the specific gravity of 〈1.0 (T1), 1.0-1.09 (T2), 1.1-1.19(T3) and ≥1.2 (T4), by selection with different saline solutions, and the control without seed grading (CK) were designed to study the effects of seed grading on seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling quality and grain yield. The results showed that the treatments of T2, T3 and T4 had higher or significantly higher seed germination rate, germination index and vigor index, seedling emergence rate and adult seedling rate than the CK, while T1 had significantly lower values of these traits than the CK. Compared with the CK, the number of spikelets per pani- cle was found to be the main reason for the yield increase of these treatments with high seed viability.展开更多
Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz. is a root sucker form perennial herb of Compositae. In die late period of growing season, fresh fleshy radicels grow up above the soil surface to develop root-borne buds, which in turn gr...Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz. is a root sucker form perennial herb of Compositae. In die late period of growing season, fresh fleshy radicels grow up above the soil surface to develop root-borne buds, which in turn grow into ramets and taproot. On the basis of observation on numerous samples, methods to classify the age of ramets and buds for the root sucker herbaceous plant population and to estimate the ages of taproots were established according to their morphology. The age of ramets was classified based on the regeneration times of taproot buds. Ramets developed from new root sucker buds were classified as 1 a. After 1 a ramets died, the ramets reproduced from the taproots were 2 a, and so on. New buds from a root sucker were 0 a buds, other age classes of buds were consistent with that of ramets, i.e. buds produced from taproots of I a ramets were 1 a buds, and so on. In the hay clipping meadows of the Songnen Plains, for K. integrifolia population, there are three age classes of ramets, representing a steady age structure. The maximal age of taproots of ramets is 4 a. Among all age classes, the population productivity of 2 a ramets was the highest, and that of I a ramets was the lowest. The ramet productivity increased with ramet age. During the early period of growing season, the productivity of 3 a ramets was the highest, but after the middle of growing season, I a ramets showed the greatest relative growth rate. The population size and age structure in the next year could be accurately forecasted by the number of fresh roots with budlet and present population in late autumn. The potential population in the bud banks was more than two times of the present population, which may provide sufficient substitution in the future.展开更多
Bauxite residue deposit area(BRDA)is a typical abandoned mining wasteland representing extreme hostile environment with increased alkalinity.Microbially-driven neutralization of bauxite residue,based on the microbial ...Bauxite residue deposit area(BRDA)is a typical abandoned mining wasteland representing extreme hostile environment with increased alkalinity.Microbially-driven neutralization of bauxite residue,based on the microbial acid producing metabolisms,is a novel strategy for achieving rapid pH neutralization and thus improving its environmental outcomes.The hypothesis was that these extreme conditions promote microbial communities which are capable of novel ecologically relevant functions.Several alkaliphilic acid producing bacteria were isolated in this study.One strain was selected for its superior growth pattern and acid metabolism(termed EEEL02).Based on the phylogenetic analysis,this strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis.The optimized fermentation conditions were as follows:pH 10;NaCl concentration 5%;temperature 25℃;EEEL02 preferred glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources,respectively.Based on optimal fermentation conditions,EEEL02 induced a significant pH reduction from 10.26 to 5.62 in 5-day incubation test.Acetic acid,propionic acid and CO2(g)were the major acid metabolites of fermentation,suggesting that the pH reduction in bauxite residue may be caused by acid neutralization derived from microbial metabolism.This finding provided the basis of a novel strategy for achieving rapid pH neutralization of bauxite residue.展开更多
Performance of continuous 1-butanol production process by Clostridium bacteria is complicated by alternation of acidogenic and solventogenic phases during fermentation what correlates with culture growth and sporulati...Performance of continuous 1-butanol production process by Clostridium bacteria is complicated by alternation of acidogenic and solventogenic phases during fermentation what correlates with culture growth and sporulation, respectively. However, the strain Clostridium pasteurianum NRRL B598 showed diverse pattern of solvents production when butanol production started during exponential growth phase in batch cultivation. If cultivated under glucose limited conditions with dilution rate 0.03 hl, constant product concentration was almost achieved. By contrast, glucose non-limited continuous experiment operated with dilution rate 0.07 h-1 lead to mutually adverse oscillations of product and glucose concentrations. Regarding the process economy, glucose limited continuous cultivation seems to be superior due to utilization of total supplied glucose amount, advantageous butanol/acetone ratio and higher butanol yield.展开更多
A total of 126 bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples. Among them, 11 isolates were found positive for amylase production. Strain YL produced the largest zone of clearance on plate assay. The isolate YL was...A total of 126 bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples. Among them, 11 isolates were found positive for amylase production. Strain YL produced the largest zone of clearance on plate assay. The isolate YL was identified as Bacillus sp. based on morphological and physiochemical characterization. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, the closest phylogenetic neighbor of strain YL was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (99.54%). After that, an optimization of culture conditions was carried out for the improvement of a-amylase production. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effect of medium components including wheat bran, cottonseed extract, yeast extract, starch, NaC1 and CaCl2. Three variables (wheat bran, cottonseed extract, and starch), which were identified to significantly affect amylase production by Plackett-Burman design were further optimized using response surface methodology of Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal concentrations estimated for each variable related to the maximum of amylase activity (86 kU/mL) were 10.80 g/L wheat bran, 9.90 g/L cottonseed extract, 0.5 g/L starch, 2.0 g/L yeast extract, 5.00 g/L NaCl and 2.00 g/L CaC12. The fermentation using optimized culture medium allowed a significant increase in amylase production (by 3-fold). The improvement in the a-amylase production after optimization process can be considered adequate for large-scale applications.展开更多
In a completely randomized blocks (RCB) plot, we planted seed from the three segments of Kponan tubers: head, median and tail portions with control Krengle. Germination began 10 d and lasted 67 d. The mean sproutin...In a completely randomized blocks (RCB) plot, we planted seed from the three segments of Kponan tubers: head, median and tail portions with control Krengle. Germination began 10 d and lasted 67 d. The mean sprouting rate of the Kponan full season harvest tuber was 78.1% compared to 94% in Krengle. However, the tuber germination was progressive from head to tail with a linear evolution of the top fragments with sprouting rate up to 90% similar to Krengle. The median and distal portions sprout two and three weeks later with final raising rates reaching 68% and 71%, respectively. The full season tuber of Kponan sprouts with a good rate gave good yields for any portion of the tuber. It had a sprouting gradient oriented from the proximal portion to the distal one, while yield was better for medium seeds. The sprouting delays two weeks between proximal and medium portions and three weeks between proximal and distal portions were acceptable with regards to the total cycle of eight to nine months period. Thus, its small tubers could be planted as well as the top portion of big tuber. In terms of yield, Kponan medium seed gave the best yield 34.25 t/ha and the whole Kponan tuber yield was more than Krengle. That led to a better multiplication factor for Kponan full season tuber. The type of tuber, if available, could be used as seed for yam production. That could improve its distribution and contribute to food security.展开更多
This research aims to produce Arabic bread enriched with iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and protein by the addition of ingredients such as parsley powder, oats, grape seeds, soybean meal, wheat germ, and milk powder. I...This research aims to produce Arabic bread enriched with iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and protein by the addition of ingredients such as parsley powder, oats, grape seeds, soybean meal, wheat germ, and milk powder. In this study, for enriched bread samples sensory evaluation, chemical and mineral composition determination and microbiological tests were carried out. The sensory evaluation of breads showed that both mixtures, which were enriched with grape seeds, oats, and wheat germs, have excellent quality. The chemical tests showed that the enriched breads have high fat, ash, fiber, and protein when compared with normal Arabic bread. It was noticed that the consumption of three enriched Arabic bread loaves gives us about 78.9% from our daily need of zinc, whereas the unenriched bread gives us only 48.8%, about 82.2% from our daily needs of copper, whereas the normal bread gives us only 58.8%, and 93.9% from our daily need of iron, whereas the normal bread gives us only 71.2%.展开更多
In an organic nursery, various bioproducts were used to stimulate plant growth: Fertigo (granulated bovine manure), Micosat, Humus UP (humic acids microbiologically enriched), Humus Active + Aktywit PM (benefic...In an organic nursery, various bioproducts were used to stimulate plant growth: Fertigo (granulated bovine manure), Micosat, Humus UP (humic acids microbiologically enriched), Humus Active + Aktywit PM (beneficial microorganisms), BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit, and Vinassa. One of the aims of the study was to determine the effect of these products on the ability of grafted buds of apple and sour cherry cultivars to survive the winter. Losses resulting from the freezing of buds during winter dormancy were calculated as the difference between the number of buds deemed to have taken in autumn and the number of live buds that began to develop properly in the spring of the following year. In autumn, the number of maiden trees obtained in each fertilization combination was also determined in the same nursery. The greatest tendency to die in winter was shown by apple and sour cherry buds in those combinations in which the rootstocks were supplied with a mineral fertilizer with NPK components, and the smallest where humic preparations (so-called vermiculites) were used. The type of fertilizer had an indirect influence not only on the number of grafted buds that died in winter as a result of freezing, but also on the final number of maiden trees obtained from a given area of the nursery.展开更多
Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using ...Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.展开更多
文摘[目的]利用正交试验设计对青贮用黄曲霉毒素降解菌株N-1a产芽胞条件进行优化。[方法]以菌株的菌体生物量和芽胞形成率作为考察指标,利用单因素试验和正交试验设计优化菌株N-1a的发酵用培养基组成和培养条件。[结果]优化后的N-1a最佳产芽胞培养基组成配比为:玉米粉2.0%,黄豆饼粉1.0%,MnSO_4·H_2O 0.10%,MgSO_4·5H_2O 0.01%;最佳产芽胞条件为:p H值为7.0,发酵时间48 h,接种量4%,装液量75 m L/250 m L培养基;在该条件下,N-1a的菌体生物量为6.08×10~8cfu/m L,芽胞形成率为81.25%。[结论]菌株N-1a的摇瓶产芽胞条件为其中试生产提供了实验依据。
基金Supported by Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program~~
文摘The research explored adaptability maize seed coating agent in spring sowing and effects of ultra-fine powder shaped areas in northeast China. The results showed that germination potential and rate both improved around 5% and the num- ber of root increased by 4% in the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent compared with the control group without seed coating. What's more, the treatments with ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent took advantages in terms of fresh weight of seeding, stem diameter, and dry weight. It is notable that control effects on underground insects performed the best, with per- centage over 94%, which is more excellent relative to other agents in markets. Therefore, ultra-fine powder shaped maize seed coating agent can be widely applied in spring sowing areas in northeast China, without side effects.
基金Supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public Welfare Profession of China(201303002,201203052)Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(14A073)~~
文摘Using the commercial seeds of two hybrid rice varieties including Lu- liangyou 996 and Liangyoupeijiu as the materials, four specific gravity-based seed grading treatments, Le., the specific gravity of 〈1.0 (T1), 1.0-1.09 (T2), 1.1-1.19(T3) and ≥1.2 (T4), by selection with different saline solutions, and the control without seed grading (CK) were designed to study the effects of seed grading on seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling quality and grain yield. The results showed that the treatments of T2, T3 and T4 had higher or significantly higher seed germination rate, germination index and vigor index, seedling emergence rate and adult seedling rate than the CK, while T1 had significantly lower values of these traits than the CK. Compared with the CK, the number of spikelets per pani- cle was found to be the main reason for the yield increase of these treatments with high seed viability.
文摘Kalimeris integrifolia Turcz. is a root sucker form perennial herb of Compositae. In die late period of growing season, fresh fleshy radicels grow up above the soil surface to develop root-borne buds, which in turn grow into ramets and taproot. On the basis of observation on numerous samples, methods to classify the age of ramets and buds for the root sucker herbaceous plant population and to estimate the ages of taproots were established according to their morphology. The age of ramets was classified based on the regeneration times of taproot buds. Ramets developed from new root sucker buds were classified as 1 a. After 1 a ramets died, the ramets reproduced from the taproots were 2 a, and so on. New buds from a root sucker were 0 a buds, other age classes of buds were consistent with that of ramets, i.e. buds produced from taproots of I a ramets were 1 a buds, and so on. In the hay clipping meadows of the Songnen Plains, for K. integrifolia population, there are three age classes of ramets, representing a steady age structure. The maximal age of taproots of ramets is 4 a. Among all age classes, the population productivity of 2 a ramets was the highest, and that of I a ramets was the lowest. The ramet productivity increased with ramet age. During the early period of growing season, the productivity of 3 a ramets was the highest, but after the middle of growing season, I a ramets showed the greatest relative growth rate. The population size and age structure in the next year could be accurately forecasted by the number of fresh roots with budlet and present population in late autumn. The potential population in the bud banks was more than two times of the present population, which may provide sufficient substitution in the future.
基金Projects(41877511,41842020)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(502221703)supported by the Innovative Project of Independent Exploration of Central South University,China
文摘Bauxite residue deposit area(BRDA)is a typical abandoned mining wasteland representing extreme hostile environment with increased alkalinity.Microbially-driven neutralization of bauxite residue,based on the microbial acid producing metabolisms,is a novel strategy for achieving rapid pH neutralization and thus improving its environmental outcomes.The hypothesis was that these extreme conditions promote microbial communities which are capable of novel ecologically relevant functions.Several alkaliphilic acid producing bacteria were isolated in this study.One strain was selected for its superior growth pattern and acid metabolism(termed EEEL02).Based on the phylogenetic analysis,this strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis.The optimized fermentation conditions were as follows:pH 10;NaCl concentration 5%;temperature 25℃;EEEL02 preferred glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources,respectively.Based on optimal fermentation conditions,EEEL02 induced a significant pH reduction from 10.26 to 5.62 in 5-day incubation test.Acetic acid,propionic acid and CO2(g)were the major acid metabolites of fermentation,suggesting that the pH reduction in bauxite residue may be caused by acid neutralization derived from microbial metabolism.This finding provided the basis of a novel strategy for achieving rapid pH neutralization of bauxite residue.
文摘Performance of continuous 1-butanol production process by Clostridium bacteria is complicated by alternation of acidogenic and solventogenic phases during fermentation what correlates with culture growth and sporulation, respectively. However, the strain Clostridium pasteurianum NRRL B598 showed diverse pattern of solvents production when butanol production started during exponential growth phase in batch cultivation. If cultivated under glucose limited conditions with dilution rate 0.03 hl, constant product concentration was almost achieved. By contrast, glucose non-limited continuous experiment operated with dilution rate 0.07 h-1 lead to mutually adverse oscillations of product and glucose concentrations. Regarding the process economy, glucose limited continuous cultivation seems to be superior due to utilization of total supplied glucose amount, advantageous butanol/acetone ratio and higher butanol yield.
基金Project(31000350) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB630902) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A total of 126 bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples. Among them, 11 isolates were found positive for amylase production. Strain YL produced the largest zone of clearance on plate assay. The isolate YL was identified as Bacillus sp. based on morphological and physiochemical characterization. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, the closest phylogenetic neighbor of strain YL was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (99.54%). After that, an optimization of culture conditions was carried out for the improvement of a-amylase production. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effect of medium components including wheat bran, cottonseed extract, yeast extract, starch, NaC1 and CaCl2. Three variables (wheat bran, cottonseed extract, and starch), which were identified to significantly affect amylase production by Plackett-Burman design were further optimized using response surface methodology of Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal concentrations estimated for each variable related to the maximum of amylase activity (86 kU/mL) were 10.80 g/L wheat bran, 9.90 g/L cottonseed extract, 0.5 g/L starch, 2.0 g/L yeast extract, 5.00 g/L NaCl and 2.00 g/L CaC12. The fermentation using optimized culture medium allowed a significant increase in amylase production (by 3-fold). The improvement in the a-amylase production after optimization process can be considered adequate for large-scale applications.
文摘In a completely randomized blocks (RCB) plot, we planted seed from the three segments of Kponan tubers: head, median and tail portions with control Krengle. Germination began 10 d and lasted 67 d. The mean sprouting rate of the Kponan full season harvest tuber was 78.1% compared to 94% in Krengle. However, the tuber germination was progressive from head to tail with a linear evolution of the top fragments with sprouting rate up to 90% similar to Krengle. The median and distal portions sprout two and three weeks later with final raising rates reaching 68% and 71%, respectively. The full season tuber of Kponan sprouts with a good rate gave good yields for any portion of the tuber. It had a sprouting gradient oriented from the proximal portion to the distal one, while yield was better for medium seeds. The sprouting delays two weeks between proximal and medium portions and three weeks between proximal and distal portions were acceptable with regards to the total cycle of eight to nine months period. Thus, its small tubers could be planted as well as the top portion of big tuber. In terms of yield, Kponan medium seed gave the best yield 34.25 t/ha and the whole Kponan tuber yield was more than Krengle. That led to a better multiplication factor for Kponan full season tuber. The type of tuber, if available, could be used as seed for yam production. That could improve its distribution and contribute to food security.
文摘This research aims to produce Arabic bread enriched with iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and protein by the addition of ingredients such as parsley powder, oats, grape seeds, soybean meal, wheat germ, and milk powder. In this study, for enriched bread samples sensory evaluation, chemical and mineral composition determination and microbiological tests were carried out. The sensory evaluation of breads showed that both mixtures, which were enriched with grape seeds, oats, and wheat germs, have excellent quality. The chemical tests showed that the enriched breads have high fat, ash, fiber, and protein when compared with normal Arabic bread. It was noticed that the consumption of three enriched Arabic bread loaves gives us about 78.9% from our daily need of zinc, whereas the unenriched bread gives us only 48.8%, about 82.2% from our daily needs of copper, whereas the normal bread gives us only 58.8%, and 93.9% from our daily need of iron, whereas the normal bread gives us only 71.2%.
文摘In an organic nursery, various bioproducts were used to stimulate plant growth: Fertigo (granulated bovine manure), Micosat, Humus UP (humic acids microbiologically enriched), Humus Active + Aktywit PM (beneficial microorganisms), BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit, and Vinassa. One of the aims of the study was to determine the effect of these products on the ability of grafted buds of apple and sour cherry cultivars to survive the winter. Losses resulting from the freezing of buds during winter dormancy were calculated as the difference between the number of buds deemed to have taken in autumn and the number of live buds that began to develop properly in the spring of the following year. In autumn, the number of maiden trees obtained in each fertilization combination was also determined in the same nursery. The greatest tendency to die in winter was shown by apple and sour cherry buds in those combinations in which the rootstocks were supplied with a mineral fertilizer with NPK components, and the smallest where humic preparations (so-called vermiculites) were used. The type of fertilizer had an indirect influence not only on the number of grafted buds that died in winter as a result of freezing, but also on the final number of maiden trees obtained from a given area of the nursery.
文摘Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.