酸奶生产中的噬菌体污染

利用噬菌斑形成、产酸抑制等方法进行检测,对酸奶工厂存在的嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)噬菌体和保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)噬菌体进行了初步的研究。结果表明,嗜热链球菌噬菌体为烈性噬菌体,而保加利亚乳杆菌噬菌体为温和噬菌体。

亚硝酸盐对厌氧产酸耦合反硝化工艺的影响

以木薯酒精废水为碳源,通过批次实验研究了亚硝酸盐对厌氧产酸耦合反硝化系统的影响。结果表明,投加600 mg·L-1 3NO-N-后的最终产酸量与空白反应器相差不大,但是投加相同浓度亚硝酸盐后产酸受到严重抑制,最终产酸量仅为空白反应器的1.8%。而硝酸盐还原过程中厌氧产酸受到抑制可能是由于反硝化中间产物亚硝酸盐的存在,低投加量的亚硝酸盐即可对厌氧产酸产生强烈的抑制作用并具有持续性,且对各产酸组分的影响作用:正丁酸>丙酸>乙酸。随着2COD/NO-N-的降低,亚硝酸盐的还原率由74.9%降低至22.2%。当游离亚硝酸(free nitrous acid,FNA)浓度为0.05 mg·L-1以上时,亚硝酸盐还原几乎被完全抑制(90%以上)。此外,随着2COD/NO-N-的增加,反硝化所占的比例逐渐减小,而DNRA过程(dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,异化硝酸盐还原为铵)逐渐占优势。

龙眼壳对酸性矿山废水抑制效果的研究

在氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液中添加龙眼壳的果壳粉及其乙醇粗提液两种形态的抑制物,探讨其对矿山酸性水以及重金属离子溶出的抑制效果。实验结果表明:龙眼壳粉添加组对矿山废水溶出的重金属Cd、Fe、Pb、Cu和Zn浓度的抑制作用强于龙眼壳乙醇粗提液组;龙眼壳及其乙醇粗提液对氧化亚铁硫杆菌产酸的抑制效果依次为:粉添加组>乙醇粗提液组>空白组。

核桃壳对酸性矿山废水抑制效果的研究

研究在氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液中添加核桃壳粉和核桃壳乙醇粗提液两种形态的抑制物,探讨其对酸性矿山废水以及重金属离子溶出的抑制效果。实验结果表明:核桃壳粉添加组对矿溶出的重金属Cr、Fe、Pb、Cu和Zn浓度的抑制作用强于核桃壳乙醇粗提液添加组;核桃壳及其乙醇粗提液对氧化亚铁硫杆菌产酸的抑制效果从强到弱依次为核桃壳粉添加组、核桃壳乙醇粗提液添加组、空白组。

美兰抑制变形链球菌产酸的实验研究

目的 研究美兰对变形链球菌在外源性糖培养条件下产酸的抑制作用 ,探讨美兰作为一种新型防龋制剂的可行性。方法 通过将美兰加入变形链球菌糖培养液的方法 ,以不加美兰者作对照 ,用气相色谱法检测不同培养条件下变形链球菌培养液中产生有机酸的种类和数量。结果 美兰组有机酸的总量为 14.6 6± 5 .42 mmol/L,与对照组比较相差显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;其中以乳酸的量为最高 ,且均未检出丙酸和丁酸。结论 美兰具有抑制变形链球菌产酸的作用

甘草酸对变异链球菌生长和产酸影响的体外研究

目的研究甘草酸对体外培养的变异链球菌的抗菌活性。方法采用液体稀释法测定甘草酸对变异链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。在不同浓度甘草酸药液中培养变异链球菌,分别于培养0 h、3 h、7 h、12 h、23 h和40 h时测定细菌悬液吸光度值和培养液pH值,绘制变异链球菌的生长曲线和产酸曲线,计算生长抑制率和产酸抑制率。结果甘草酸对变异链球菌的MIC为1.57 mg/mL,浓度≤12.5 mg/mL的甘草酸无杀菌作用。甘草酸对变异链球菌生长和产酸均有抑制作用,作用随甘草酸浓度的增加而增强。当浓度≥1.57mg/mL时,甘草酸对变异链球菌生长和产酸抑制率分别在80%和70%以上。结论甘草酸对体外培养变异链球菌的生长和产酸均有抑制作用。

Research Advances in the Inhibition of Long Chain Fatty Acid to Methanogenic Activity in Anaeroic Digestion System

This article reviewed the inhibition mechanism of long chain fatty acid on the formation of anaerobic system, then thoroughly analyzed the inhibition factors of long chain fatty acid, and summarized the remission method to its inhibition, finally proposed some suggestions to further study on the influence of long chain fatty acid on anaerobic digestion system.

Chemical constituents of marine mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Alternaria tenuissima EN-192

A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Alternaria tenuissima EN- 192, an endophytic fungus obtained from the stems of the marine mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa, resulted in the isolation of nine known secondary metabolites, including four indole-diterpenoids： penijanthine A （1）, paspaline （2）, paspalinine （3）, and penitrem A （4）; three tricycloalternarene derivatives： tricycloalternarene 3a （5）, tricycloalternarene lb （6）, and tricycloalternarene 2b （7）; and two alternariol congeners： djalonensone （8） and alternariol （9）. The chemical structures of these metabolites were characterized through a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses and their comparison with reports from the literature. The inhibitory activities of each isolated compound against four bacteria were evaluated and compounds 5 and 8 displayed moderate activity against the aquaculture pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum, with inhibition zone diameters of 8 and 9 mm, respectively, at 100 gg/disk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the secondary metabolites of mangrove-derived Alternaria tenuissima and also the first report of the isolation ofindole-diterpenoids from fungal genus Alternaria.

Insights from investigating the interactions of natural product inhibitors with neuraminidase of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus

Neuraminidase(NA) plays a biologically vital role in the replication of influenza virus, and NA inhibitors(NAIs) are most widely used in the clinical anti-flu therapy. NA of 2009 H1 N1 influenza virus(09 N1) possesses a different substrate-binding cavity compared with other NA subtypes, making 09 N1 a more appropriate starting point for the discovery of potent 09 N1 inhibitors. As natural products are of great structural diversity, research on the interaction between natural NAIs and 09 N1 can throw light on the design of new structural NAIs. In this study, we, for the first time, conducted molecular docking procedure with GOLD on 10 natural inhibitors to 09 N1, and acquired their binding modes with 09 N1. The docking results showed that the active site S1 was important in the binding of NAIs to 09 N1. Then five scaffolds were extracted from these NAIs with interactions to site S1, and these could be used in the structural modification of NAIs. Besides, we found that the addition of H-bonding interaction with the active site could improve the NA inhibitory activity of NAIs, and it might be the reason why the approved NAIs showed high efficiency. Two terminal hydrophobic sites(Terminal 1 and Terminal 2) with no interactions to the approved NAI zanamivir were found in the 09 N1 active cavity, and four NAIs were first found to bind with the terminals. Till now, there are few studies on the meaning of Terminal 2 in the binding of NAI to NA, which could be a new direction for the rational design of NAIs.