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稻草还田配施化肥对小麦养分吸收和产量的影响研究
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作者 魏世强 周则芳 李纯忠 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 1993年第3期44-48,共5页
重庆地区中性紫色土属中钾少磷缺氮型。稻草还田可增加土壤养分贮备,维持 P、K 活性,但对当季小麦的影响则与配施化肥类型有关,配施 NK 或 NPK 小麦养分吸收和土壤对(?)季小麦供肥量减少,籽粒/秸秆比降低。稻草与 NP 配施对土壤和作物... 重庆地区中性紫色土属中钾少磷缺氮型。稻草还田可增加土壤养分贮备,维持 P、K 活性,但对当季小麦的影响则与配施化肥类型有关,配施 NK 或 NPK 小麦养分吸收和土壤对(?)季小麦供肥量减少,籽粒/秸秆比降低。稻草与 NP 配施对土壤和作物均有良好影响。为发挥稻草的培肥土壤和增产作用,必须根据土壤、秸秆和作物养分供需状况,调节养分的平衡供应。 展开更多
关键词 小麦 产量/养分吸收 化肥配施 稻草还田
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Effect of Enriched Cattle Manure on Soil Nutrient Status, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Tea (Camellia sinensis)
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作者 Vivian Moroamoche Kekana Isaiah Tabu +1 位作者 David Kamau Robert Obura 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2014年第2期123-128,共6页
Inorganic fertilizer NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) (S) 25:5:5:5 is generally recommended for optimum yield and quality of tea (Camellia sinensis). Non-judicious use of this inorganic fertilizer how... Inorganic fertilizer NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) (S) 25:5:5:5 is generally recommended for optimum yield and quality of tea (Camellia sinensis). Non-judicious use of this inorganic fertilizer however acidifies the soils and pollutes the environment. Integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) which involves the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer is recommended for improved crop yield and soil health. An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of enriching cattle manure with different ratios of inorganic fertilizers (OM: NPKS at ratios 1:2 and 1:4), and rates on soil nutrient status, nitrogen uptake and yield of tea in the east of Rift Valley, Kenya. Enriching manures and organic manure up to a rate of 150 kg N/ha increased the level of P mature leaf. A higher N and K level in the mature leaf was observed when NPKS was applied at higher rates. In the soil, fertilizer rate up to 150 kg N/ha showed higher pH and K where organic manure and enriched manures were applied while NPKS treatment showed higher P content throughout the soil depths. Enriching organic manures with inorganic fertilizers increased yield significantly. 展开更多
关键词 Cattle manure ENRICHMENT NITROGEN tea (Camellia sinensis) YIELD inorganic fertilizer ISFM
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Combined Applications of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Manure Increase Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake via Stimulating Root Growth in a Long-Term Experiment 被引量:33
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作者 WEN Zhihui SHEN Jianbo +3 位作者 Martin BLACKWELL LI Haigang ZHAO Bingqiang YUAN Huimin 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第1期62-73,共12页
Imbalanced application of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^--N) accumulation decreases wh... Imbalanced application of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^--N) accumulation decreases when N is applied with P and/or manure;however,the effect of applications of N with P and/or manure on root growth and distribution in the soil profile is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different N and P fertilizer application rates with or without manure on maize(Zea mays L.) yield,N uptake,root growth,apparent N surplus,Olsen-P concentration,and mineral N(N_(min)) accumulation in a fluvo-aquic calcareous soil from a long-term(28-year) experiment.The experiment comprised twelve combinations of chemical N and P fertilizers,either with or without chicken manure,as treatments in four replicates.The yield of maize grain was 82%higher,the N uptake 100%higher,and the N_(min) accumulation 39%lower in the treatments with combined N and P in comparison to N fertilizer only.The maize root length density in the 30-60 cm layer was three times greater in the treatments with N and P fertilizers than with N fertilizer only.Manure addition increased maize yield by 50%and N uptake by 43%,and reduced N_(min)(mostly NO_3^--N) accumulation in the soil by 46%.The long-term application of manure and P fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil Olsen-P concentration when no N fertilizer was applied.Manure application reduced the apparent N surplus for all treatments.These results suggest that combined N and P fertilizer applications could enhance maize grain yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth,leading to reduced accumulation of potentially leachable NO_3^--N in soil,and manure application was a practical way to improve degraded soils in China and the rest of the world. 展开更多
关键词 apparent N surplus degraded soils chemical fertilizers nitrate nitrogen root length density soil mineral N soil Olson-P
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Effects of a controlled-release fertilizer on yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency in early ripening rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) 被引量:4
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作者 Chang TIAN Xuan ZHOU +6 位作者 Qiang LIU Jian-wei PENG Wen-ming WANG Zhen-hua ZHANG Yong YANG Hai-xing SONG Chun-yun GUAN 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第10期775-786,共12页
Background: Nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause exces... Background: Nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity. Methods: Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) on seed yield, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency for early ripening rapeseed(Xiangzayou 1613) in the red-yellow soil of southern China during 2011–2013. It was grown using a soluble fertilizer(SF) and the same amounts of CRF, such as SF1/CRF1(3750 kg/hm^2), SF2/CRF2(3000 kg/hm^2), SF3/CRF3(2250 kg/hm^2), SF4/CRF4(1500 kg/hm^2), SF5/CRF5(750 kg/hm^2), and also using no fertilizer(CK). Results: CRF gave higher seed yields than SF in both seasons by 14.51%. CRF4 and SF3 in each group achieved maximum seed yield(2066.97 and 1844.50 kg/hm^2, respectively), followed by CRF3(1929.97 kg/hm^2) and SF4(1839.40 kg/hm^2). There were no significant differences in seed yield among CK, SF1, and CRF1(P0.05). CRF4 had the highest profit(7126.4 CNY/hm2) and showed an increase of 12.37% in seed yield, and it decreased by 11.01% in unit fertilizer rate compared with SF4. The branch number, pod number, and dry matter weight compared with SF increased significantly under the fertilization of CRF(P0.05). The pod number per plant was the major contributor to seed yield. On the other hand, the N, P, and K uptakes increased at first and then decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate at maturity, and the N, P, and K usage efficiency decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate. The N, P, and K uptakes and usage efficiencies of the CRF were significantly higher than those of SF(P0.05). The N accumulation and N usage efficiency of CRF increased by an average of 13.66% and 9.74 percentage points, respectively, compared to SF. In conclusion, CRF significantly promoted the growth of rapeseed with using total N as the base fertilizer, by providing sufficient N in the later growth stages, and last by reducing the residual N in the soil and increasing the N accumulation and N usage efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 Early ripening rapeseed Controlled-release fertilizer YIELD Nutrient uptake Fertilizer usage efficiency
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Nutrient Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape in an Intensive Cropping System: A Regional Analysis 被引量:1
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作者 LI Hui LU Jianwei +2 位作者 REN Tao LI Xiaokun CONG Rihuan 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第2期364-370,共7页
Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yiel... Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape in an intensive cropping system, this study used data from 619 site-year on-farm experiments carried out in the winter oilseed rape planting area of the Yangtze River Basin, China from 2005 to 2010, with large yield in the range of 179–4 470 kg ha^(-1). Currently recommended application rates of N, P and K fertilizers increased rapeseed yield at different levels of soil indigenous nutrient supply(INS) in this region. Boundary values of plant nutrient uptake were established to analyze the nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape(internal nutrient efficiency), i.e., 128 kg N ha^(-1), 24 kg P ha^(-1), and 122 kg K ha^(-1). The internal nutrient efficiency declined by 48.2%–64.1% when nutrient uptake exceeded the boundary value, resulting in excessive nutrient uptake(i.e., low yield response with high nutrient uptake), especially for K. In the intensive cropping system, agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 5.9, 3.4, and3.6 kg kg^(-1), and recovery efficiencies of N, P, and K were 35.6%, 24.1%, and 36.8%, respectively. These findings showed that the fertilization rate should be optimized by considering INS, nutrient status, and nutrient efficiency of winter oilseed rape. In this study,considering the lower yield improvement to high K uptake levels and low K fertilizer efficiency, application rate of K fertilizer should be reduced since soil K deficiency has already been mitigated. 展开更多
关键词 agnomic efficiency FERTILIZATION indigenous nutrient supply internal nutrient efficiency nutrient uptake recoveryefficiency regional scale YIELD
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