冀东稻区新育成水稻品种产量性状分析和展望

品种的丰产性是决定其能否大面积推广的关键。本文选取近几年我所育成的水稻新品种（系），以冀粳８号为对照，对其进行了产量性状分析，结果表明，穗数型品种在产量上很难有新的突破，适当增加株高，提高生物产量，力争粒多，粒重，比增加穗数，提高收获指数和粒叶比更有希望实现高产。

结合激光雷达和三维性状分析的田间小麦产量分级研究

[目的]田间产量分级研究对小麦(Triticum aestivum)育种、栽培和农业生产均具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过激光雷达对小麦冠层性状进行表型采集和动态监测,基于三维性状为田间产量分级提供分型依据。[方法]基于背包式激光雷达采集的三维点云开发了大田点云矫正、精准小区点云分割、修正和提取冠层区域点云等三维表型性状分析流程;在各关键生育时期对486个小区提取冠层性状,如作物高度、冠层覆盖度、三维冠层表面积和三维冠层指数(3DCI)。[结果]通过算法流程获取的冠层性状与人工统计数据进行线性回归分析,计算决定系数R^(2)(P<0.001,n=486小区),包括作物高度(R^(2)=0.866 0,RMSE=5.66 cm)、冠层覆盖度(R^(2)=0.899 3,RMSE=0.057 4)、三维冠层表面积(R^(2)=0.836 4,RMSE=0.170 3)、3DCI(R^(2)=0.769 5,RMSE=0.265 5)等,验证了算法的可靠性。再通过人工产量数据确定灌浆期为产量分级的关键时期,进而完成了基于性状的聚类分析、产量分级和品种分类。[结论]本研究提出的算法能有效提取小区尺度的冠层性状,以此对不同小麦品种的产量和高产表型分类,为育种栽培和农业生产中产量分级研究提供了可靠的表型依据和解析技术。

小麦新品种春化和光周期基因组成以及春化基因与产量性状的关系

为研究春化和光周期基因在河南省小麦新品种中的分布特点及春化基因与产量性状的关系,以近年河南省冬小麦品种区域试验的118份小麦品种为材料,用STS标记对4个春化基因位点(Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3)和1个光周期基因位点(Phd-D1)进行检测,并结合供试材料的农艺性状,分析近年来河南省小麦新品种春化基因组成及其与品种的冬春性、苗穗期及产量性状的相关性。结果表明,供试的118份小麦品种在Phd-D1、Vrn-A1、Vrn-B3位点均为隐性等位变异;含有显性等位变异Vrn-B1的品种有9份,其分布频率为7.62%,且均表现为弱春性;含有显性等位变异Vrn-D1的品种有41份,其分布频率为34.7%,这些品种中有21份表现为弱春性;进一步的分析表明,显性等位变异Vrn-D1与苗穗期显著负相关,与产量构成各要素正相关,但未达显著水平;显性等位变异Vrn-B1与产量构成要素中的成穗数和穗粒数负相关,而与千粒重正相关,但均未达显著水平。

播种方式对特早一号群体特征和产量的影响

为探索特早一号在邢台地区的最佳播种方式,本试验采用随机区组试验设计,研究不同播种方式对谷子产量和群体特征的影响。

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

Correlation Analysis and Path Analysis between Yield and Yield-Related Traits of Yunmai 52

[Objective] This study was tween yield-related traits and yield of conducted to understand the relationship be- Yunmai 52 which is a high-quality high-yield multi-resistant new wheat variety, and make contribution of yield-related traits to the yield of Yunmai 52 clear. [Method] Wheat variety regional trial data in Yunnan Province in 2005-2007 were subjected to correlation analysis and path analysis in the paper. [Result] Correlationanalysis showed that the yield of Yunmai 52 was in- very significant positive correlation with spikelet number per ear, maximum tiller number and grains per ear （r=0.726^＊＊, 0.717^＊＊ and 0.695^＊＊, respectively）, in signif- icant positive correlation with 1 000-grain weight （r=0.491^＊）, but in significant nega- tive correlation with sterile spikelet number per ear, and in non-significant correlation with basic seedlings, effective ears and percentage of ear bearing tillers. Partial correlation analysis showed that the yield of Yunmai 52 was in very significant posi- tive correlation with spikelet number per ear （r=0.711^＊＊）, significant positive correla- tion with 1 000-grain weight （r=0.641 =）, but in non-significant correlation with other 6 traits. Path analysis showed that spikelet number per ear （P=-0.595）, maximum tiller number （P=0.462） and t 000-grain weight （P=0.263） had more contribution to yield of Yunmai 52. [Conclusion] Therefore, in extension and application of Yunmal 52 that is a high-quality high-yield multi-resistant new wheat variety, supply of fertilizer and water should be increased in tillering stage and jointing stage, to ensure its characteristics of high tilledng ability and large ear, as well as high 1 000-grain weight, and coordinated development of other yield-related traits is beneficial to im- provement of yield of Yunmai 52.

Correlation and Principal Component Analysis on Main Agronomic Traits of New Waxy Corn Varieties

[Objective] This study was conducted to provide certain theoretical reference for the comprehensive evaluation and breeding of new fresh waxy corn vari- eties. [Method] With 5 good fresh waxy corn varieties as experimental materials, correlation analysis and principal component anatysis were performed on 13 agronomic traits, i.e., plant height, ear position, ear weight, ear diameter, axis diameter, ear length, bald tip length, ear row number, number of grains per row, 100-kernel weight, fresh ear yield, tassel length, and tassel branch number. [Result] The principal component analysis performed to the 13 agronomic traits showed that the first three principal components, i.e., the fresh ear yield factors, the tassel factors and the bald top factors, had an accumulative contribution rate over 87.2767%, and could basically represent the genetic information represented by the 13 traits. The first principal component is the main index for the selection and evaluation of good corn varieties which should have large ear, large ear diameter but small axis diameter, i.e., longer grains, larger number of grains per ear, higher, 100-grain weight and higher plant height. As to the second principal component, the plants of fresh corn varieties are best to have longer tassel and not too many branches, and under the premise of ensuring enough pollen for the female spike, the varieties with fewer tassel branches shoud be selected as far as possible. From the point of the third principal component, bald tip length affects the marketing quality of fresh corn, and during fariety evaluation and breeding, the bald top length should be control at the Iowest standard. [Conclusion] The fresh ear yield of corn is in close positive correlation with ear weight, 100-grain weight, ear diameter, number of grains per row and ear length, and plant height also affects fresh ear yield.

Correlation Analysis of SPAD Value with Chlorophyll Content and Economic Yield Traits of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim was to compare differences of SPAD value, chloro- phyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits to analyze correlation of SPAD value with other indices and establish regression functions. [Method] Based on 34 Brassica napus L. varieties, SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits were measured and re- gression functions were established according to correlations. [Result] SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic and economic characters and yield traits all achieved significant level in differences among 34 varieties. Specifically, SPAD value was of extremely significant correlation with chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, and the correlation from high to low was chl-b〉chl-z〉chl-a〉chl-x. SPAD value was of significantly positive correlation with total pod number per plant, plant height, seed number per pod, yield per plant and harvest yield, and of insignificant correlation with branch point height, effective branch number, pod density of main stem, and pod length. [Conclusion] It is simple and rapid to predict chlorophyll con- tent, economic characters and yields of Brassica napus L. with SPAD value and re- gression functions.

Grey correlational and SSR analyses of cotton hybrids

Ten upland cotton strains exhibiting 3 fiber quality traits and 8 yield traits, were grown for two years in an investigation of the correlation between grey relational analysis （GRA） and genetic identity in heterosis of cot- ton hybrid. The aim was to establish the optimal approach for heterosis prediction and parent selection. Plant traits data were collected and analyzed for GRA. In addition, 72 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were examined and 148 polymorphisms were detected. Correlation analysis of GRA, genetic identity, Ft fiber quality and yield heterosis was conducted. Significant differences were observed between the two analytic methods, whereas compa- rable predictions were given for yield heterosis. GRA for yield exhibited slightly higher correlation than genetic identity analysis, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. GRA and genetic analysis exhibited overlapping yet dis- tinct advantages in heterosis prediction. Therefore, these analytical methods should be integrated to achieve the op- timal heterosis prediction and parent selection.

Analysis on Major Agronomic Traits and Yield of Huayu Series of Peanut Cultivars under Mulched Drip Irrigation

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the appearance of major agronomic traits and yield potential of Huayu series of peanut cultivars under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, so as to provide core parent materials for new peanut cultivar breeding in Xinjiang during Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. [Method] A total of 16 peanut cultivars of Huayu series were studied systematically by field experiment and laboratory analysis. In addition, the main stem height, lateral branch length, pod number per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, pod length, pod width and yield of different peanut cultivar were compared. [Result]Under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, the appearance of major agronomic traits of peanut cultivars in Xinjiang was better than that in Shandong areas. In Xinjiang, the yields of the peanut cultivars were increased in varying degrees. However,there were some differences in appearance of major agronomic traits, as well as yield, among different peanut cultivars. Among all the peanut cultivars, the single-plant productivities of Huayu 22, Huayu 28 and Huayu 50 were higher than those of the other cultivars, and the yields of Huayu 33 and Huayu 50 were higher than those of the other cultivars. Meanwhile, the late two cultivars' comprehensive traits were excellent. [Conclusion] In the high-yielding breeding of peanut in Xinjiang, Huayu 33 and Huayu50 can be used as core parent materials. Under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, their yield potential can be further explored.

嘉祥县大豆玉米带状间作复合种植与单作对比试验

我国有限的土地资源无法满足玉米、大豆单作用地的需求。在传统玉米、大豆单作单位面积产量和效益难以大幅度提高的情况下,大豆玉米带状间作复合种植模式能够弥补土地资源不足,集约化利用土地、水、肥、气、光、热资源,增加通风透光,充分发挥边行优势,增加大豆的受光面积,是大豆玉米和谐共生种植模式。大豆、玉米复合种植模式是一项既能节约成本,又可提高单位面积产量和效益的可持续型农业技术。复合种植的目的是利用科学的方法,选择最佳的复合种植模式,提高产量和效益。不同的种植模式和方法对作物生长的农艺性影响不同,对作物的产量和效益影响也不同。本研究通过6∶3式、6∶4式、4∶2式三种玉米、大豆复合种植模式与大豆单作、玉米单作对比试验,分析表明:玉米、大豆三种复合种植模式的玉米、大豆农艺性状以及产量效益都比玉米单作、大豆单作表现好,玉米、大豆4∶2式带状复合种植模式下,作物的农艺经济性状表现更好,作物的增产、增效效果更加明显。