为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P0)和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)(P180)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC...为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P0)和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)(P180)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC)对作物叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值、CO_(2)羧化能力、光系统间协调性和间作产量优势的影响。结果表明:与FIC和GIC相比,RIC显著提高了间作玉米吐丝期SPAD值及吐丝期、乳熟期功能叶的表观量子效率(AQY)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、最大羧化效率(V_(c,max))、CO_(2)饱和时的净光合速率(A_(max))和光系统间协调性(Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ)),降低了乳熟期功能叶K相可变荧光Fk占F_(j)-F_(o)振幅的比例(Wk)和J相可变荧光F_(j)占F_(p)-F_(o)振幅的比例(V_(j)),各指标在FIC与GIC间差异不显著。与FIC相比,RIC和GIC能够提高间作花生生育后期LAI和结荚期SPAD值,显著提高了V_(c,max)、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),降低荚果膨大期功能叶Wk和V_(j)值,各指标在RIC与GIC间差异不显著。RIC的土地当量比和间作产量优势均高于FIC和GIC;施磷能进一步促进间作玉米、花生功能叶的V_(c,max)、Jmax、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),提高间作产量优势。表明同垄间作可通过改善间作玉米、花生功能叶的光合电子传递及光系统间协调性,增强CO_(2)羧化固定能力,提高光合速率,进而增加作物产量和间作优势。展开更多
An experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 on sandy loam soil of West Bengal, India to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of maize + legume intercropping systems in additive as w...An experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 on sandy loam soil of West Bengal, India to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of maize + legume intercropping systems in additive as well as in replacement series with different row proportions. Maize (Zea rnays L.) cv. "Vijay" (composite), green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cv. "Samrat", black gram (Vigna mungo L.) cv. "Sarada", soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) cv. "PK 327" and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. "JL 24", were tested in monoculture as well as in intercropping situations with 1:1 (additive series) and 1:2 ratios (replacement series). The result indicated that intercropped legumes improved the yield components of maize and offered some bonus yield. The highest maize grain yield (2,916.28 kg/ha) and maize equivalent yield (4,831.45 kg/ha) were recorded with maize + green gram (1:1) and maize + peanut (1:I), respectively. The values of all the competition functions were always greater than unity and maize + black gram (1:2) recorded the highest values of land equivalent ratio (1.433), area time equivalent ratio (1.374) and land equivalent coefficient (0.421). Maximum monetary advantage (Rs. 10,579.13) was found with maize + green gam (l:1). Maize + peanut (1:2) combination recorded the highest relative net return (2.01), net return (Rs. 28,523.08), benefit-cost ratio (2.76) ad per day return (Rs. 259.30).展开更多
文摘为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P0)和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)(P180)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC)对作物叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值、CO_(2)羧化能力、光系统间协调性和间作产量优势的影响。结果表明:与FIC和GIC相比,RIC显著提高了间作玉米吐丝期SPAD值及吐丝期、乳熟期功能叶的表观量子效率(AQY)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、最大羧化效率(V_(c,max))、CO_(2)饱和时的净光合速率(A_(max))和光系统间协调性(Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ)),降低了乳熟期功能叶K相可变荧光Fk占F_(j)-F_(o)振幅的比例(Wk)和J相可变荧光F_(j)占F_(p)-F_(o)振幅的比例(V_(j)),各指标在FIC与GIC间差异不显著。与FIC相比,RIC和GIC能够提高间作花生生育后期LAI和结荚期SPAD值,显著提高了V_(c,max)、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),降低荚果膨大期功能叶Wk和V_(j)值,各指标在RIC与GIC间差异不显著。RIC的土地当量比和间作产量优势均高于FIC和GIC;施磷能进一步促进间作玉米、花生功能叶的V_(c,max)、Jmax、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),提高间作产量优势。表明同垄间作可通过改善间作玉米、花生功能叶的光合电子传递及光系统间协调性,增强CO_(2)羧化固定能力,提高光合速率,进而增加作物产量和间作优势。
文摘An experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 on sandy loam soil of West Bengal, India to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of maize + legume intercropping systems in additive as well as in replacement series with different row proportions. Maize (Zea rnays L.) cv. "Vijay" (composite), green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cv. "Samrat", black gram (Vigna mungo L.) cv. "Sarada", soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) cv. "PK 327" and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. "JL 24", were tested in monoculture as well as in intercropping situations with 1:1 (additive series) and 1:2 ratios (replacement series). The result indicated that intercropped legumes improved the yield components of maize and offered some bonus yield. The highest maize grain yield (2,916.28 kg/ha) and maize equivalent yield (4,831.45 kg/ha) were recorded with maize + green gram (1:1) and maize + peanut (1:I), respectively. The values of all the competition functions were always greater than unity and maize + black gram (1:2) recorded the highest values of land equivalent ratio (1.433), area time equivalent ratio (1.374) and land equivalent coefficient (0.421). Maximum monetary advantage (Rs. 10,579.13) was found with maize + green gam (l:1). Maize + peanut (1:2) combination recorded the highest relative net return (2.01), net return (Rs. 28,523.08), benefit-cost ratio (2.76) ad per day return (Rs. 259.30).