AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surfa...AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surface antigen） HBsAg positive mothers.METHODS： A total of 158 infants were enrolled in the study. Fifty eight infants were enrolled in the GeneVac-B group while 50 each were included for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups. A three-dose regimen of vaccination; at birth （within 24 h of birth）, 1st mo and 6 too. were adopted with 10 μg dosage administered uniformly in all the three groups. Clinical and immunological parameters were assessed for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, in all the enrolled infants.RESULTS： Successful follow up until seven months of age was achieved in 83% （48/58） for GeneVac-B, 76% （38/50） and 64% （32/50） for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups respectively. 100% seroconversion and seroprotection was achieved in all the three groups of infants. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three dose of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mTU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively. Furthermore the level of anti-HBs increases with age of babies who were born to HBsAg positive mothers. The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three doses of vaccine. No systemic reactions were reported in infants during the entire vaccination process of GeneVac-B and the other two vaccines. Clinical safety parameters remained within the normal limits throughout the study period.CONCLUSION： The study concludes that there is no significant difference between the three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Administration of these vaccines within 24 h of birth to babies, born to HBsAg positive mothers will reduce the incidence of HBV infection.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the complications for the mother and newborn, using vacuum extraction, and to compare them with spontaneous delivery. This study included group of vacuum-assisted deliverie...The purpose of this research was to evaluate the complications for the mother and newborn, using vacuum extraction, and to compare them with spontaneous delivery. This study included group of vacuum-assisted deliveries in time period 2014-2016 （n = 726） in Riga Maternity Hospital, and it was compared to the group of spontaneous vaginal deliveries （n = 726）. Data statistically processed in Microsoft Excel mid SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results of the study： in vacuum-assisted deliveries vaginal lacerations was 13.8% more, cervical lacerations was 9.8% more than in group of spontaneous vaginal deliveries, perineal lacerations were 25.6% less in group with vacuum extraction, neonatal cephalohematomas was 26.9% more, and clavicle factures was 3.3% more in vacuum-assisted deliveries. Vacuum extraction was used for the first delivery in 86.9% of cases, for the second delivery 10,9% of cases. Vacuum-assisted deliveries in comparison with spontaneous vaginal deliveries are associated with higher risks for maternal soft tissue ruptures and neonatal cephalohematomas, clavicle factures. It is important to evaluate the indications for use of vacuum extractor. Staff skills, using vacuum extraction method, should be at a high level.展开更多
Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefo...Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros populations can play an important role in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortality and interbirth intervals among the main parameters affecting the viability and survival of rhinoceros populations. In our study, we tested the recently suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, longer interbirth intervals may result in higher infant mortality. We also examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortality and interbith intervals using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worldwide as well as data from Dudhwa National Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- fully reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth intervals and infant mortality. In both populations, the main predictor of infant mortality was mother＇s parity, with higher mortality in calves born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth intervals were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the only factor affecting interbirth interval in both populations. Our results show that the same factors affect both parameters in both populations and thus illustrate that the reproduction and infant survival of Indian rhinoceros in zoos reflect the natural pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth intervals could be slightly prolonged to approach the situation in the wild.展开更多
文摘AIM： To evaluate a low cost Indian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine GeneVac-B for its immunogenicity and safety in comparison to Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine in high risk newborn infants born to （hepatitis B surface antigen） HBsAg positive mothers.METHODS： A total of 158 infants were enrolled in the study. Fifty eight infants were enrolled in the GeneVac-B group while 50 each were included for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups. A three-dose regimen of vaccination; at birth （within 24 h of birth）, 1st mo and 6 too. were adopted with 10 μg dosage administered uniformly in all the three groups. Clinical and immunological parameters were assessed for safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, in all the enrolled infants.RESULTS： Successful follow up until seven months of age was achieved in 83% （48/58） for GeneVac-B, 76% （38/50） and 64% （32/50） for Engerix B and Shanvac B groups respectively. 100% seroconversion and seroprotection was achieved in all the three groups of infants. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three dose of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mTU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively. Furthermore the level of anti-HBs increases with age of babies who were born to HBsAg positive mothers. The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three doses of vaccine. No systemic reactions were reported in infants during the entire vaccination process of GeneVac-B and the other two vaccines. Clinical safety parameters remained within the normal limits throughout the study period.CONCLUSION： The study concludes that there is no significant difference between the three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. Administration of these vaccines within 24 h of birth to babies, born to HBsAg positive mothers will reduce the incidence of HBV infection.
文摘The purpose of this research was to evaluate the complications for the mother and newborn, using vacuum extraction, and to compare them with spontaneous delivery. This study included group of vacuum-assisted deliveries in time period 2014-2016 （n = 726） in Riga Maternity Hospital, and it was compared to the group of spontaneous vaginal deliveries （n = 726）. Data statistically processed in Microsoft Excel mid SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results of the study： in vacuum-assisted deliveries vaginal lacerations was 13.8% more, cervical lacerations was 9.8% more than in group of spontaneous vaginal deliveries, perineal lacerations were 25.6% less in group with vacuum extraction, neonatal cephalohematomas was 26.9% more, and clavicle factures was 3.3% more in vacuum-assisted deliveries. Vacuum extraction was used for the first delivery in 86.9% of cases, for the second delivery 10,9% of cases. Vacuum-assisted deliveries in comparison with spontaneous vaginal deliveries are associated with higher risks for maternal soft tissue ruptures and neonatal cephalohematomas, clavicle factures. It is important to evaluate the indications for use of vacuum extractor. Staff skills, using vacuum extraction method, should be at a high level.
文摘Rhinoceroses are among the most endangered mammals in the world. Despite a recent increase in numbers in most wild populations, poaching or political instability may exterminate large populations very quickly. Therefore, captive or ex situ rhinoceros populations can play an important role in their conservation. Previous studies identified infant mortality and interbirth intervals among the main parameters affecting the viability and survival of rhinoceros populations. In our study, we tested the recently suggested prediction that in captive Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, longer interbirth intervals may result in higher infant mortality. We also examined the factors that are the main pre- dictors of infant mortality and interbith intervals using the studbook data on Indian rhinoceros born in zoos worldwide as well as data from Dudhwa National Park, India, where rhinoceroses were success- fully reintroduced. We found no association between interbirth intervals and infant mortality. In both populations, the main predictor of infant mortality was mother＇s parity, with higher mortality in calves born to primiparous mothers. In addition, we found that the interbirth intervals were shorter in zoos than in Dudhwa and that they increased with increase in age of the mother, which was the only factor affecting interbirth interval in both populations. Our results show that the same factors affect both parameters in both populations and thus illustrate that the reproduction and infant survival of Indian rhinoceros in zoos reflect the natural pattern. Furthermore, we suggest that in captivity, the interbirth intervals could be slightly prolonged to approach the situation in the wild.
