张真人《金石灵砂论》外丹黄白考释

张真人《金石灵砂论》与外丹黄白之关系,学界迄今未有详论[1].作者考释认为,张真人生于唐神龙五年(707)而卒于唐贞元十六年(800),享年93岁.又今本《道藏》所题"蒙山张隐居撰",当为"雾山张隐居撰"之误;在丹药理论方面,该经实际包括了"阴阳相配原理"和"转化论"两个方面,它们贯穿于中国外丹黄白术的整个流变史中;在黄白的具体烧炼上,廓清了"铅"与"黑铅"的区别,使以往的诸多疑虑得以释然.事实说明,唐代道士在外丹黄白烧炼的温度控制和丹药性质的划分上,已形成一套有别于汉晋南北朝的方法和理论.

金元之际全真教的政治参与和政治抉择

金朝末年,也就是大蒙古国初期,中国北方有多种政治势力逐鹿中原,除了南宋、金朝、大蒙古国外,还有进行武装割据的汉人世侯和起义军,这些势力共存,使当时的政治局势扑朔迷离,乱象纷呈。而全真教这一庞大教团在这种局面中,却左右逢源,受到各种势力的关注。全真教既帮助金廷对付起义军,又和起义军保持微妙关系,同时与汉人世侯也有密切联系,甚至还得到南宋的垂青。但出乎预料的是,全真教领袖丘处机却选择了蒙古作为政治靠山,这一举措,为全真教的鼎盛奠定了基础。

Dynamic of Soil Microorganisms from Root Region of Ginseng with Different Growing Years

Objective To see the dynamic of fungi, bacilli and actinomyces communities from root region of ginseng with different growing years.Method With ginseng root region soils from several sampling sites of Jilin Province as materials, concentrations of fungi, bacilli and antinomyces were evaluated by spread-plate method. Result Though there are differences on statistic data among soil samples, commonly with the increasing of growing years, concentration of fungi in ginseng root region increased, which were on the contrary for bacilli and antinomyces, and bacilli changed even more significant than antinomyces. Conclusion Concentrations of soil microorganisms can be influenced by soil type, planting mode and growing years simultaneously, but growing years influenced even more significantly.

A robot simulation system with virtual force display and feedback based on master manipulator

This paper describes a virtual environment, which can present dynamic force transformation during the control of objects. A 5-DOF haptic interface with the capability to generate kinesthetic effect is combined. In this system, the operator manipulates an object in a virtual environment by using the 5-DOF master arm. When contacting with the virtual object, the contact force can be calculated and shown in the graphic interface. The contact response and deformation of the virtual object, which are usually called haptic rendering, also can be performed. The study supplies an approach to improve the operator’s immersion and can be used in many tele-robot control fields.

陶行知先生的“人”与“文”

作文如做人,陶行知先生人"真"文也"真"。他的文论内容丰富,形式多样,充满着为大众彻底服务的真情;代大众立言,为大众享有教育权而呼吁;拓展大众教育内容与时间,使大众不做时代的落伍者;通俗易懂,能打到大众心里去;浸蕴着"爱智求真"情怀,只求真理,不迷信权威;讲真话,不趋时从势,有很高的"至用"价值,是指导教育改革的灯塔。读他的文论,如同读他高尚的灵魂。

On Naipaurs novels from reality and acuity

Naipaul＇s novels are real and acute, which reflect many countries and social realities, especially terrible lives and depressed emotions, including human interests, opinions, ideas, consciousnesses, self-acceptance, idea crisis, looking for identity, spiritual trouble, contradiction between religion and life, cultural conflict in colonized countries and post-colonized areas. Such novels are from actual realities, life facts, street matters with miscellaneous, vicissitudinous, and integrative skills and abilities.

Motion simulation and experiment of a novel modular self-reconfigurable robot

Based on the character of the modular self-reconfigurable （MSR） robot, a novel homogeneous and lattice MSR robot, M-Cubes, was designed. Each module unit of the robot has 12 freedoms and is composed of six rotary joints and one cubic link. An attached/detached mechanism was designed on the rotary joints. A novel space transmitting system was placed on the inner portion of the cubic link. A motor separately transmitted torque to the six joints which were distributed equally on six surfaces of the cubic link. The example of a basic motion for the module was demonstrated. The result shows that the robot is concise and compact in structure, highly efficient in transmission, credible in connecting, and simple in controlling. At the same time, a simulator is developed to graphically design the system configuration, the reconfiguration process and the motion of cluster modules. The character of local action for the cellular automata （CA） is utilized. Each module is simplified as a cell. The transition rules of the CA are developed to combine with the genetic algorithm （GA） and applied to each module to accomplish distributed control. Simulation proves that the method is effective and feasible.

Design of a novel modular self-reconfigurable robot capable of self-turning

To solve the problem of inaccurate angle adjustment in the self-assembly process, a new homogenous hybrid modular self-reconfigurable robot-Xmobot is designed. Each module has four rotary joints and a self-turning mechanism. With the proposed self-turning mechanism, the angle adjusting accuracy of the module is increased to 2°, and the relative position adjusting efficiency of the module in the self-assembly process is also improved. The measured maximum moving distance of the proposed module in a gait cycle is 11.0 cm. Aiming at the multiple degree of freedom （MDOF） feature of the proposed module, a motion controller based on the central pattern generator （CPG） is proposed. The control of five joints of the module only requires two CPG oscillators. The CPG-based motion controller has three basic output modes, i. e. the oscillation, the rotation, and the fixed modes. The serpentine and the wheeled movements of the H-shaped robot are simulated, respectively. The results show that the average velocities of the two movements are 15. 2 and 20. 1 m/min, respectively. The proposed CPG-based motion controller is evaluated to be effective.

ADAPTIVE NEURAL NETWORK ATTITUDE CONTROL FOR UNMANNED HELICOPTER

Adaptive flight control technology, feedback linearization, model inversion theory are reviewed and the error dynamic characteristics are analyzed, and an adaptive on-line neural network attitude control system is presented. The model inversion is under the hover condition. And the adaptive control law based on the neural network is designed to guarantee the boundedness of tracking error and control signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the nonlinear neural network augmented model inversion can self-adapt to the uncertainty and modeling errors of unmanned helicopters. Results are compared while the parameters of PD controller and robustness items are changed.

A new reaction system to determine nonlinear chemical fingerprint and its use in Panax ginseng identification method based on double reaction system

A new reaction system to determine nonlinear chemical fingerprint(NCF)and its use in identification method based on double reaction system was researched.Panax ginsengs,such as ginseng,American ginseng and notoginseng were identified by the method.The NCFs of the three samples of Panax ginsengs were determined through two nonlinear chemical systems,namely system 1 consisting of sample components,H2SO4,MnSO4,NaBrO3,acetone and the new system,system 2 consisting of sample components,H2SO4,(NH4)4Ce(SO4)2,NaBrO3 and citric acid.The comparison between the results determined through systems 1 and 2 shows that the speed to determine NCF through system 2 is much faster than that through system 1;for systems 1 and 2,the system similarities of the same kind of samples are≥98.09%and 99.78%,respectively,while those of different kinds of samples are≤63.04%and 86.34%,respectively.The results to identify the kinds of some samples by system similarity pattern show that both the accuracies of identification methods based on single system 1 and 2 are≥95.6%,and the average values are 97.1%and 96.3%,respectively;the accuracy of the method based on double system is≥97.8%,and the average accuracy is 99.3%.The accuracy of the method based on double system is higher than that based on any single system.

Large Enhancement of Probe Amplification with Population Inversion in a Four-Level Atomic System with Vacuum-Induced Coherence

In this paper, we discuss and analyze theoretically probeabsorption-amplification response in a four-level coherent atomic system with vacuum-inducedcoherence via changing the sign of the parameter f, with f denoting the ratio of a pair of dipolemoments associated with a doublet of closely upper hypernne sublevels. We find that the amplitude ofthe probe amplification for the case f = -1 can be about one order of magnitude larger than thatachievable for the case f = 1. In addition, with respect to the case f = -1 the probe amplificationcan be maintained all the time with weak incoherent pumping for a wide range of the probe detuning.

Integration of Neural Networks and Cellular Automata for Urban Planning

This paper presents a new type of cellular automa ta (CA) model for the simulation of alternative land development using neural netw orks for urban planning. CA models can be regarded as a planning tool because th ey can generate alternative urban growth. Alternative development patterns can b e formed by using different sets of parameter values in CA simulation. A critica l issue is how to define parameter values for realistic and idealized simulation . This paper demonstrates that neural networks can simplify CA models but genera te more plausible results. The simulation is based on a simple three-layer netw ork with an output neuron to generate conversion probability. No transition rule s are required for the simulation. Parameter values are automatically obtained f rom the training of network by using satellite remote sensing data. Original tra ining data can be assessed and modified according to planning objectives. Altern ative urban patterns can be easily formulated by using the modified training dat a sets rather than changing the model.

Real-time acquisition of compact volumetric maps

Building compact 3D maps of the environment models has become an important research topic. This paper presented an efficient stream decimation algorithm of massive meshes. The algorithm adapted the pre-processing step leading to lower in-corn memory consumption. This algorithm is applied to reconstructing compact terrain with mobile robot, achieving satisfying results.

Mobile robot path planning based on adaptive bacterial foraging algorithm

The utilization of biomimicry of bacterial foraging strategy was considered to develop an adaptive control strategy for mobile robot, and a bacterial foraging approach was proposed for robot path planning. In the proposed model, robot that mimics the behavior of bacteria is able to determine an optimal collision-free path between a start and a target point in the environment surrounded by obstacles. In the simulation, two test scenarios of static environment with different number obstacles were adopted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the robot which reflects the bacterial foraging behavior can adapt to complex environments in the planned trajectories with both satisfactory accuracy and stability.

Semi-physical simulation of AUV pipeline tracking

Before the task of autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) was implemented actually,its semi-physical simulation system of pipeline tracking had been designed.This semi-physical simulation system was used to test the software logic,hardware architecture,data interface and reliability of the control system.To implement this system,the whole system plan,including interface computer and the methods of pipeline tracking,was described.Compared to numerical simulation,the semi-physical simulation was used to test the real software and hardware more veritably.In the semi-physical simulation system,tracking experiments of both straight lines and polygonal lines were carried out,considering the influence of ocean current and the situation of buried pipeline.The experimental results indicate that the AUV can do pipeline tracking task,when angles of pipeline are 15°,30°,45° and 60°.In the ocean current of 2 knots,AUV could track buried pipeline.

The Simulation Gene Regulatory Boolean Network based on the Seauential Circuit

Along with the completion of HGP （human genome project）, huge amounts of genetic data constantly emerge. Research suggests that genes are not in independent existence and the expression of a gene will promote or inhibit the expression of another gene; if the expression of a gene makes the biochemical environment of ceils changed, the expression of a series of genes will be affected. In order to get a better understanding of the relationship between genes, all sorts of gene regulatory network models have been established by scientists. In this paper, a variety of gene regulatory networks are first introduced according to the process of this subject research, and then the most basic network （i.e. Boolean network） is emphatically analyzed, and then a new method （i.e. Boolean network based on the theory of circuit） to describe Boolean network is drawn forth. After the shortcomings of the Boolean network proposed in the past are analyzed, a simulation circuit Boolean model is established using EDA technology in order to improve the Boolean network.

Agroinfection of sweet potato by vacuum infiltration of an infectious sweepovirus

Sweepovirus is an important monopartite begomovirus that infects plants of the genus Ipomoea worldwide. Development of artificial infection methods for sweepovirus using agroinoculation is a highly efficient means of studying infectivity in sweet potato. Unlike other begomoviruses, it has proven difficult to infect sweet potato plants with sweepoviruses using infectious clones. A novel sweepovirus, called Sweet potato leaf curl virus-Jiangsu(SPLCV-JS), was recently identified in China. In addition, the infectivity of the SPLCV-JS clone has been demonstrated in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here we describe the agroinfection of the sweet potato cultivar Xushu 22 with the SPLCV-JS infectious clone using vacuum infiltration. Yellowing symptoms were observed in newly emerged leaves. Molecular analysis confirmed successful inoculation by the detection of viral DNA. A synergistic effect of SPLCV-JS and the heterologous betasatellite DNA-β of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus isolate Y10(TYLCCNV-Y10) on enhanced symptom severity and viral DNA accumulation was confirmed. The development of a routine agroinoculation system in sweet potato with SPLCV-JS using vacuum infiltration should facilitate the molecular study of sweepovirus in this host and permit the evaluation of virus resistance of sweet potato plants in breeding programs.

Wounding Ideals＂ Israel Epstein＇s Life Saga in Communist China

Despite of all its enigma and revealingness, Israel Epstein＇s （1915-2005） life in communist China remains a vacuum in English-language scholarship on the history of the People＇s Republic of China. This paper intends to fill this vacuum. It seeks to rediscover Epstein＇s communist experience, with particular focus on his fervent activism in and unapologetic defense of the Cultural Revolution. Through analyzing his experience, this paper exposes the essential allurement of Chinese communism encapsulated in the ideals of revolutionary regeneration and revolutionary virtues. Beyond Epstein＇s communist experience, this paper calls for a deeper and broader pondering on the analogy between communism and religion. Such an illuminating analogy should inspire more intellectual efforts than critical expositions of formalistic vainglory or personality cult.

Awakening from genuine love in Lady Chatterley＇s lover

Both D. H. Lawrence and his novel Lady Chatterley＇s lover are sometimes prejudicially associated in the minds of the general public with pornography. Yet after meditative reading, we find that Lawrence, through revelation of Connie＇s gradual awakening from genuine love, has made his utmost effort to explore possible solutions to harmonious androgyny between men and women so as to revitalize the distorted human nature caused by the industrial civilization.

A Woman Alone： Engendering the ＂Island of Consciousness＂ in Coetzee＇s Foe and Bowles＇ The Sheltering Sky

The theme of the cast-away has inspired numerous literary works. This paper develops a philosophical reading of two important examples, Coetzee＇s Foe （1987） and Bowles＇ The Sheltering Sky （1951）, in terms of themes such as isolation, silence and truth. But who authors, or authorizes ＂truth＂？ As Merleau-Ponty （1970） saw, the ego cogito of phenomenology symbolizes the quest for ＂global truth＂ where ＂what is evident for him＂ is or could be for all, for he ＂speaks for everyone＂. These two works, however, challenge the standard that ＂he speaks＂, and she does not： that women ＂as such＂, as it would seem, have always already been spoken for. Instead, the focus here is on ＂the self＇ not as neutral ground but as always engendered, in every sense of that word--always emergent as well as creative always acculturated, situated, embodied, sexed or de-sexed--always speaking, or remaining stubbornly silent, and always refusing, like truth itself, to be ＂pinned down＂