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试论近代山西乡村外来户的“入住权”——以《阶级成分登记表》为中心 被引量:6
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作者 张爱明 《史林》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第3期123-138,220,共16页
清末至民国时期,山西成为关东之外的另一个移民目的地,超过200万的外来人口先后涌入山西,部分流入乡村,形成了一个特殊的群体———外来户。近代华北乡村具有家族血缘性、村庄地缘性的鲜明特征,外来户很难进入村中,只能寄居在村庄的边缘... 清末至民国时期,山西成为关东之外的另一个移民目的地,超过200万的外来人口先后涌入山西,部分流入乡村,形成了一个特殊的群体———外来户。近代华北乡村具有家族血缘性、村庄地缘性的鲜明特征,外来户很难进入村中,只能寄居在村庄的边缘,只有获得村庄的"入住权",外来户才有生存与发展的可能。但"入住权"的获得不是一蹴而就的。通过解读形成于新中国成立后"四清"运动时期的《阶级成分登记表》,发现在灾荒的契机下,外来户围绕土地,通过雇佣、租佃、借贷等与本地户形成依附关系,通过投亲靠友、过继、入赘等与本地户结成亲缘关系,逐渐获得了村庄的"入住权"。华北乡村的"入住权"注重实践过程,与华南乡村"入住权"强调祖源认同相差甚远,是解释乡村社会形成与发展的重要因素。 展开更多
关键词 外来户 本地户 阶级成分登记表 人住权
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Worldwide or Territorial Approach for Individual Income Tax, Which is More Prevalent? 被引量:1
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作者 Connie Shum Jack Fay Gladie Lui 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2017年第4期137-151,共15页
For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly us... For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly used around the globe. Worldwide income approach (also known as a global tax system) taxes income from whatever source derived. Territorial income approach taxes only income earned within the country's borders. Using information collected from PricewaterhouseCoopers' website1 that provides information on tax systems used in countries around the world, this paper examines which countries apply worldwide or global income approach and which employ territorial approach to determine the legitimate source of taxable income. The research focuses on countries within: (1) Americas; (2) Asia/Pacific Basin; (3) Europe; and (4) Africa/Middle and Near East. Based on the information collected and presented in this paper, the worldwide approach is much more prevalent (104 countries) than the territorial approach (30 countries). This paper also investigates any specific rules that a particular country has in relation to income to be taxed and residency versus non-residency status of the taxpayers. There appears to be an abundant spectrum of rules relating to residency and domicile for tax purposes among the countries. 展开更多
关键词 individual income tax global individual income tax worldwide/territorial income approach
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