北京奥林匹克公园夏季绿地小气候及人体环境舒适度效应分析

评价城市绿地的小气候调节功能对于应对城市热岛效应与优化公园绿地设计有重要参考意义。该研究于2016年7—9月在北京奥林匹克公园内开展了灌溉草地与荒草地、孤植树与群植树、水体与空旷地3种绿化配置模式下共12个样地的微气象要素观测,分析了公园草地、公园林地和公园水体的小气候状况,并评估了公园绿地夏季降温增湿和人体环境舒适度的特征。结果表明:(1)与空旷地相比,公园草地夏季平均可降温1.75%以及增湿5.06%,且定期灌溉草地的小气候调节功能明显优于荒草地;(2)公园林地平均可降温3.25%和增加湿度3.91%,孤植树的小气候效应明显低于群植树;(3)公园水体夏季平均降温1.56%与增湿8.10%,而且大面积水体的小气候调节效果更好;(4)综上,北京奥林匹克公园夏季绿地平均可降温2.41%、增湿5.25%以及改善环境舒适度1.75%,公园林地的小气候调节功能明显优于公园草地和水体。因此,在城市公园绿地规划设计中,建议优先布局群植树木与大面积水体,并加强公园草地的灌溉养护,以优化提升其公园小气候调节功能。

Effect of Air Velocity on Thermal Comfort under Thermal Environment Ramp Changing

Set points of the indoor air temperature and relative humidity in short-term staying location were studied. In this condition, the thermal reaction of human body varied with the ramp changes of the environmental thermal parameters.The change rules of about 60 subjects′ thermal reaction to the ramp change of environment were surveyed, and the effect of air movement on the thermal reaction during transient condition was considered by using a questionnaire. With the experimental results and research findings under stable condition, a way to set environmental parameters of short-time staying location was recommended.