发展人参生产与水土流失防治

人参是珍贵的一种药材,被誉为百草之王。它不仅在医学方面极可贵的药用价值,而且有极高的经济价值,尤其是发展山区、丘陵地区人参生产成为当地发展经济的支柱产业之一。不合理的人参生产方式,破坏大量的森林植被,造成严重的水土流失。只要科学地采取人参地水土流防治措施,不仅加快发展经济建设提高群众物质文化水平,又能有效地控制水土流失。保护好生态环境,进一步促进人参生产开创以防治水土流失,保障延边人参生产的发展。

物质文化研究视野下的帝国历史——评《人参帝国:清代人参的生产、消费与医疗》

二十世纪九十年代历史学研究出现的新动向中,＂新文化史＂与＂全球史＂是最重要的两个转向[1]（p.390）。而在中文学界,首次旗帜鲜明地对两种＂转向＂做出回应的是台湾学者蒋竹山,他2012年出版的新著《当代史学研究的趋势、方法与实践：从新文化史到全球史》明确打出＂从新文化史到全球史＂的标题,这体现了作者本人＂学术关注重点的发展轨迹＂,

吉林省东部山区人参栽培基地土壤污染现状与评价

通过现场采样及室内分析方法,对吉林省东部山区人参栽培基地土壤中有机氯农药残留和重金属污染现状进行了调查与评价。结果表明,拟建人参栽培基地土壤中重金属含量在背景值范围内,B H C、PC N B、D D T的含量分别为0.0004～0.1746、0.0003～0.9378、0.0001～0.2058m g·kg-1、就污染的普遍性和严重性而言,PC N B污染最为普遍和严重。综合污染评价结果表明,敦化、抚松、集安3个观测地区的土壤环境质量等级小于2级,符合中药材G A P生产基地的要求。

吉林省东部山区人参栽培基地土壤中微生物的生态分布

[目的]研究吉林省东部山区人参栽培基地土壤中微生物的生态分布。[方法]以吉林省东北山区的5个主要人参产区（抚松、长白、集安、靖宇、敦化）的林下土壤、老参地土壤和人参栽培地土壤为对象,研究不同利用形式下土壤微生物的分布。[结果]结果表明,与新林土相比,栽参土和老参地不同人参产地的微生物总数普遍降低,其中栽参土中细菌总数降低了48.6%～63.7%,老参地降低了57.1%～82.9%,差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。与新林土相比,栽参土和老参地放线菌的数量分别降低了60.0%～75.3%和42.1%～77.6%,差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）,而真菌总数均有不同程度的增加,栽参土真菌总数是新林土的1.6～3.9倍,老参地是新林土的2.8～6.3倍。3类土壤微生物分布具有不同的季节性规律。[结论]为克服人参连作障碍,提高人参的产量和质量,实现人参生产的可持续发展提高了科学依据。

人参提取液、药渣压滤液、药渣中人参皂苷含量对比研究

【目的】对比观察人参提取液、药渣压滤液、药渣中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和Re的含量。【方法】采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测5批次人参提取液(按2005版中国药典所述方法进行提取)、药渣压滤液和药渣中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和Re的含量。【结果】人参药渣压滤液中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和Re含量与人参提取液比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但药渣中人参皂苷含量较人参提取液和人参药渣压滤液均显著减少(P<0.01),人参药渣中残留有较多的人参皂苷等有效成分,占提取的20%以上。【结论】药渣压滤液和药渣中均含有较高的人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和Re等有效组分,药渣压滤液应与提取液混合入药,人参提取后药渣应加以开发利用。

人参皂甙香口胶的制备及提高智力和运动功能的观察(英文)

目的:为增加人参皂甙的稳定性和提高生物利用度,研制了人参皂甙香口胶,并观察其保健作用。方法:将人参皂甙作为添加剂,按香口胶制备工艺制备,利用相关的药学方法进行了质量检测。观察人参皂甙对63名小学生及中学生(皂甙组)的学习成绩,同时观察其对老年人免疫功能的作用。结果:皂甙组学生数学考试成绩提高的人数明显比对照组多(P<0.01);老年人免疫功能、动作及平衡力也明显提高(P<0.01)结论:人参皂甙香口胶质量稳定,具有保健作用。

美国对野生人参的生产和出口实施严格管理

野生人参是北美森林的重要植物资源，据估算，每年的产值为1800万美元。2001年美国出口野生参26062kg，其中90％被香港购入。此外，中国大陆进口462kg，中国台湾进口761kg，新加坡进口1161kg，韩国进口112kg。

High efficiency production of ginsenoside compound K by catalyzing ginsenoside Rb1 using snailase

The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological methods. Among these, the conversion of PPD-type ginsenosides by enzymatic hydrolysis is a trend due to its high efficiency and mild conditions. For effectively extracting from the other panaxadiol saponins, the conversion process for ginsenoside C-K was investigated using snailases in this study. The univariate experimental design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of ginsenoside Rbl into ginsenoside C-K by snailases. The optimum conditions were as follows： pH 5,12, temperature 51 ℃, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.21, and reaction time 48 h. On the basis of these parameters, the addition of 1.0 mmol· L- 1 ferric ion was found to significantly improve the enzymolysis ofsnailases for the first time. With the above conditions, the maximum conversion rate reached 89.7%, suggesting that the process can obviously increase the yield of ginsenoside C-K. The bioassay tests indicated that the ginsenoside C-K showed anti-tumor activity in a series of tumor cell lines. Based on these results, we can conclude that the process of rare ginsenoside C- K production by enzymolysis with snailase is feasible, efficient, and suitable for the industrial production and application.

An improved artificial bee colony algorithm for steelmaking–refining–continuous casting scheduling problem

Steelmaking–refining–Continuous Casting(SCC) scheduling is a worldwide problem, which is NP-hard. Effective SCC scheduling algorithms can help to enhance productivity, and thus make significant monetary savings. This paper develops an Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm for the SCC scheduling. In the proposed IABC, charge permutation is employed to represent the solutions. In the population initialization, several solutions with certain quality are produced by a heuristic while others are generated randomly. Two variable neighborhood search neighborhood operators are devised to generate new high-quality solutions for the employed bee and onlooker bee phases, respectively. Meanwhile, in order to enhance the exploitation ability, a control parameter is introduced to conduct the search of onlooker bee phase. Moreover, to enhance the exploration ability,the new generated solutions are accepted with a control acceptance criterion. In the scout bee phase, the solution corresponding to a scout bee is updated by performing three swap operators and three insert operators with equal probability. Computational comparisons against several recent algorithms and a state-of-the-art SCC scheduling algorithm have demonstrated the strength and superiority of the IABC.

致富项目

盆栽人参果，编制宠物筐，棚栽珍稀菜，布艺对联，加工“苦菜茶”，麦秆贴画，加工石磨，搓背，民间工艺画，加工冻肉，……

China＇s Transition Phase and Long-Term Development Path, Efficiency and Growth Rates

This paper examines the transition of growth stage China is about to experience and the main conclusions are as follows： （1） Phase Ⅰ of economic growth driven by investment and export is losing the momentum of efficiency enhancement through intervention and the growth stage of efficiency enhancement through structural adjustment is coming to an end. Urbanization and the development of service sector will inaugurate Phase Ⅱ of stable economic growth characterized by structural optimization through efficiency enhancement; （2） Three leading factors promoting the transition from Phase Ⅰ to Phase Ⅱ include： demographic changes and the emergence of workforce turning point, the reversion of factor elasticity parameters of long-term growth function, and service-oriented economic structure; （3） Developed provinces and municipalities in east China have already entered into the channel of economic deceleration. With increasing urbanization rate, accelerating service-oriented structure and declining demographic dividend after 2016, China＇s economic slowdown would be inevitable if labor productivity fails to improve.