Hand foot and mouth disease is a febrile sickness complex characterized by cutaneous eruption (exanthem) on the palms and soles with simultaneous occurrence of muco-cutanous vesiculo-ulcerative lesions (enanthem) affe...Hand foot and mouth disease is a febrile sickness complex characterized by cutaneous eruption (exanthem) on the palms and soles with simultaneous occurrence of muco-cutanous vesiculo-ulcerative lesions (enanthem) affecting the mouth. The illness is caused by a number of enteroviruses with coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 as the main causative agents. Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to the species Human enterovirus A under the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae. EV71 has been associated with an array of clinical diseases including hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis. A large outbreak of HFMD due to highly neurovirulent EV71 emerged in Malaysia in 1997, and caused 41 deaths amongst young children. In late 2000, a recurrence of an outbreak of HFMD occurred in Malaysia with 8 fatalities in peninsular Malaysia. Outbreak of HFMD due to EV71 recurred in 2003 with an unknown number of cases and mortalities. A similar outbreak of HFMD with 2 recorded deaths in young children occurred in peninsular Malaysia in late 2005 and this was followed by a larger outbreak in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) with 6 reported fatalities in the early part of 2006. The current on-going outbreak of HFMD started in peninsular Malaysia in epidemiological week 12 of 2010. As with other HFMD outbreaks in Malaysia, both EV71 and CA16 were the main aetiological viruses isolated. In similarity with the HFMD outbreak in 2005, the isolation of CA16 preceded the appearance of EV71. Based on the VP1 gene nucleotide sequences, 4 sub-genogroups of EV71 (C1, C2, B3 and B4) co-circulated and caused the outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in peninsular Malaysia in 1997. Two sub-genogroups (C1 and B4) were noted to cause the outbreak in 2000 in both peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. EV71 of sub-genogroup B5 with smaller contribution from sub-genogroup C1 caused the outbreak in 2003. In the 2005 outbreak, besides the EV71 strains of sub-genogroup C1, EV71 strains belonging to sub-genogroup B5 were isolated but formed a cluster which was distinct from the EV71 strains from the sub-genogroup B5 isolated in 2003. The four EV71 strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease in the Sarawak outbreak in early 2006 also belonged to sub-genogroup B5. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene suggests that the EV71 strains causing the outbreak in Sarawak could have originated from peninsular Malaysia. Epidemiological and molecular data since 1997 show the recurrence of HFMD due to EV71 in Malaysia every 2 to 4 years. In each of the past outbreaks, more than one sub-genogroup of the virus co-circulate.展开更多
In recent years, the incidence of placenta previa has been increasing. According to the literature, it is mainly related to induced labor, artificial abortion, cesarean section, high aging pregnancy, multipara or smok...In recent years, the incidence of placenta previa has been increasing. According to the literature, it is mainly related to induced labor, artificial abortion, cesarean section, high aging pregnancy, multipara or smoking. The placenta previa is the chief cause of bleeding in late pregnancy and threatens the lives of mother and infant, resulting in a high risk problem in obstetrics. This article studies 322 cases of placenta previa from my hospital and Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital from January, 2002 to July, 2009, on the basis of clinicretrospective analysis, in order to deepen our understanding and art of treating placenta previa. The study revealed that: 1. With 322 cases of placenta previa, the incidence was 0.73%. It was higher than the incidence 0.3% reported abroad and lower than the incidence 0.94% reported in our country. The data were from sampling survey and did not prove relations between placenta previa and ages, different from the result obtained abroad in which placenta previa had relation with pregnancy ages. The outcome needs further study. But artificial abortion, induced labor, cesarean section and multipara clearly influence the incidence. The study did not analyze the relation between smoking and placenta previa, but there was external data proving that smoking was related to placenta previa; 2. Ultrasound-B is a better method for examination at present; 3. In cases of vaginal childbirth there was a higher incidence of lateral placenta previa and partial placenta previa. The conservative temporization and timely cesarean section can greatly decrease the mortality of mother and infant.展开更多
From a FDI source country perspective, this paper reveals the effect of Chinas OFDI on host countries' environmental quality. Based on the Copeland-Taylor model, this paper creates a theoretical mechanism to demon...From a FDI source country perspective, this paper reveals the effect of Chinas OFDI on host countries' environmental quality. Based on the Copeland-Taylor model, this paper creates a theoretical mechanism to demonstrate how Chinas OFDI affects host countries' pollution intensity and environmental quality and carries out an empirical analysis based on Chinas OFDI data of 2003-2014 and the economic development index data of 168 host countries. Since Chinas OFDI is differentiated for countries of various income levels, this paper f Urther conducts a sub-sample empirical test on the income level of host countries. The result shows that Chinas OFDI growth generally induces an increase in total pollution emissions in host countries but significantly reduces per capita emissions and thus improves local environmental quality. Sub-sample regression result shows that whether in terms of total or per capita emissions, Chinas OFDI has a much more significant effect in improving the environmental quality of high-income countries.展开更多
In order to reduce energy consumption and protect the human survival environment, the lightweight has became the development trend of the world automobile industry. On the premise of ensuring the strength, safety and ...In order to reduce energy consumption and protect the human survival environment, the lightweight has became the development trend of the world automobile industry. On the premise of ensuring the strength, safety and driving performance of the car, the major car enterprises try to reduce the curb weight of the ear, fuel consumption and emissions. Not only a lot of new technologies and new products have been generated, but also joint vehicle development process and computer aided engineering （CAE） analysis technology have been developed. Since the entry into the ＂Au- tomobile Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance＂ in Dec. 2007, Geely Group has been focusing on light- weight construction of vehicle and key assemblies in every stage of the vehicle product development. Among vehicles ap- peared on the market and in research, it has presented continuously better performance. The paper describes application examples and successful experience of CAE simulation analysis and performance optimization during the lightweight de- sign and development of a self-developed model of Geely, and looks forward to the prospects for the development of lightweight of Geely vehicle.展开更多
The tourism is a key branch in the world wide economy nowadays, and revenues account for one third of total income in the world. Many nations are trying to improve their tourism sector attracting more tourists every y...The tourism is a key branch in the world wide economy nowadays, and revenues account for one third of total income in the world. Many nations are trying to improve their tourism sector attracting more tourists every year in order to impact social welfare. This study addresses two research questions： （1） What are the factors that impact on tourism sector？ and （2） Does the tourism really impact on social welfare of the communities？ The objectives of this work are to analyze the variables that impact on the tourism in the Mexican providence of Michoacan and also to find out if the tourism sector is impacting on social welfare of the province, with the propose of answering this questions 41 variables were selected being 63 municipalities of Michoacan province in the case of study. Analysis Factorial of Correspondences （AFC） through the analysis of principal components methodology is employed in this article. The analysis is divided into five phases： （1） reliability testing; （2） the calculation of a matrix that expresses the joint variability of the variables; （3） extraction of the optimal number of factors; （4） the rotation of solutions for the ease of interpretation; and （5） the estimation of the scores graphically. The results showed that the variables that impact on tourism are several the most representative tourism infrastructure and complementary services restaurants, lodging with category five- and four- star travel, visitors foreign share of the Economic Active Population （EAP） in the tertiary sector, percentage of EAP women, percentage of economically active men and Gross Domestic Product （GDP） per capita among others. However the analysis of the Human Development Index （HDI） is not associated with the tourism variables展开更多
In this paper we study the stability analysis of two within-host Chikungunya virus （CHIKV） dynamics models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected mouocytes is modeled by a general nonlinear functio...In this paper we study the stability analysis of two within-host Chikungunya virus （CHIKV） dynamics models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected mouocytes is modeled by a general nonlinear function. The second model considers two types of infected monocytes （i） latently infected monocytes which do not generate CHIKV and （ii） actively infected monocytes which produce the CHIKV particles. Sufficient conditions are found which guarantee the global stability of the positive steady states. Using the Lyapunov function, we established the global stability of the steady states of the models. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.展开更多
文摘Hand foot and mouth disease is a febrile sickness complex characterized by cutaneous eruption (exanthem) on the palms and soles with simultaneous occurrence of muco-cutanous vesiculo-ulcerative lesions (enanthem) affecting the mouth. The illness is caused by a number of enteroviruses with coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 as the main causative agents. Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to the species Human enterovirus A under the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae. EV71 has been associated with an array of clinical diseases including hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis. A large outbreak of HFMD due to highly neurovirulent EV71 emerged in Malaysia in 1997, and caused 41 deaths amongst young children. In late 2000, a recurrence of an outbreak of HFMD occurred in Malaysia with 8 fatalities in peninsular Malaysia. Outbreak of HFMD due to EV71 recurred in 2003 with an unknown number of cases and mortalities. A similar outbreak of HFMD with 2 recorded deaths in young children occurred in peninsular Malaysia in late 2005 and this was followed by a larger outbreak in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) with 6 reported fatalities in the early part of 2006. The current on-going outbreak of HFMD started in peninsular Malaysia in epidemiological week 12 of 2010. As with other HFMD outbreaks in Malaysia, both EV71 and CA16 were the main aetiological viruses isolated. In similarity with the HFMD outbreak in 2005, the isolation of CA16 preceded the appearance of EV71. Based on the VP1 gene nucleotide sequences, 4 sub-genogroups of EV71 (C1, C2, B3 and B4) co-circulated and caused the outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in peninsular Malaysia in 1997. Two sub-genogroups (C1 and B4) were noted to cause the outbreak in 2000 in both peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. EV71 of sub-genogroup B5 with smaller contribution from sub-genogroup C1 caused the outbreak in 2003. In the 2005 outbreak, besides the EV71 strains of sub-genogroup C1, EV71 strains belonging to sub-genogroup B5 were isolated but formed a cluster which was distinct from the EV71 strains from the sub-genogroup B5 isolated in 2003. The four EV71 strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease in the Sarawak outbreak in early 2006 also belonged to sub-genogroup B5. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene suggests that the EV71 strains causing the outbreak in Sarawak could have originated from peninsular Malaysia. Epidemiological and molecular data since 1997 show the recurrence of HFMD due to EV71 in Malaysia every 2 to 4 years. In each of the past outbreaks, more than one sub-genogroup of the virus co-circulate.
文摘In recent years, the incidence of placenta previa has been increasing. According to the literature, it is mainly related to induced labor, artificial abortion, cesarean section, high aging pregnancy, multipara or smoking. The placenta previa is the chief cause of bleeding in late pregnancy and threatens the lives of mother and infant, resulting in a high risk problem in obstetrics. This article studies 322 cases of placenta previa from my hospital and Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital from January, 2002 to July, 2009, on the basis of clinicretrospective analysis, in order to deepen our understanding and art of treating placenta previa. The study revealed that: 1. With 322 cases of placenta previa, the incidence was 0.73%. It was higher than the incidence 0.3% reported abroad and lower than the incidence 0.94% reported in our country. The data were from sampling survey and did not prove relations between placenta previa and ages, different from the result obtained abroad in which placenta previa had relation with pregnancy ages. The outcome needs further study. But artificial abortion, induced labor, cesarean section and multipara clearly influence the incidence. The study did not analyze the relation between smoking and placenta previa, but there was external data proving that smoking was related to placenta previa; 2. Ultrasound-B is a better method for examination at present; 3. In cases of vaginal childbirth there was a higher incidence of lateral placenta previa and partial placenta previa. The conservative temporization and timely cesarean section can greatly decrease the mortality of mother and infant.
基金the sponsorship of SHUPE Postgraduate Innovation Fund Projects(CXJJ-2015-341CXJJ-2015-328)
文摘From a FDI source country perspective, this paper reveals the effect of Chinas OFDI on host countries' environmental quality. Based on the Copeland-Taylor model, this paper creates a theoretical mechanism to demonstrate how Chinas OFDI affects host countries' pollution intensity and environmental quality and carries out an empirical analysis based on Chinas OFDI data of 2003-2014 and the economic development index data of 168 host countries. Since Chinas OFDI is differentiated for countries of various income levels, this paper f Urther conducts a sub-sample empirical test on the income level of host countries. The result shows that Chinas OFDI growth generally induces an increase in total pollution emissions in host countries but significantly reduces per capita emissions and thus improves local environmental quality. Sub-sample regression result shows that whether in terms of total or per capita emissions, Chinas OFDI has a much more significant effect in improving the environmental quality of high-income countries.
基金Supporting Program of the"Twelfth Five-year Plan"for Sci & Tech Research of China(No. 2011BAG03B02No.2011BAG03B06)
文摘In order to reduce energy consumption and protect the human survival environment, the lightweight has became the development trend of the world automobile industry. On the premise of ensuring the strength, safety and driving performance of the car, the major car enterprises try to reduce the curb weight of the ear, fuel consumption and emissions. Not only a lot of new technologies and new products have been generated, but also joint vehicle development process and computer aided engineering （CAE） analysis technology have been developed. Since the entry into the ＂Au- tomobile Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance＂ in Dec. 2007, Geely Group has been focusing on light- weight construction of vehicle and key assemblies in every stage of the vehicle product development. Among vehicles ap- peared on the market and in research, it has presented continuously better performance. The paper describes application examples and successful experience of CAE simulation analysis and performance optimization during the lightweight de- sign and development of a self-developed model of Geely, and looks forward to the prospects for the development of lightweight of Geely vehicle.
文摘The tourism is a key branch in the world wide economy nowadays, and revenues account for one third of total income in the world. Many nations are trying to improve their tourism sector attracting more tourists every year in order to impact social welfare. This study addresses two research questions： （1） What are the factors that impact on tourism sector？ and （2） Does the tourism really impact on social welfare of the communities？ The objectives of this work are to analyze the variables that impact on the tourism in the Mexican providence of Michoacan and also to find out if the tourism sector is impacting on social welfare of the province, with the propose of answering this questions 41 variables were selected being 63 municipalities of Michoacan province in the case of study. Analysis Factorial of Correspondences （AFC） through the analysis of principal components methodology is employed in this article. The analysis is divided into five phases： （1） reliability testing; （2） the calculation of a matrix that expresses the joint variability of the variables; （3） extraction of the optimal number of factors; （4） the rotation of solutions for the ease of interpretation; and （5） the estimation of the scores graphically. The results showed that the variables that impact on tourism are several the most representative tourism infrastructure and complementary services restaurants, lodging with category five- and four- star travel, visitors foreign share of the Economic Active Population （EAP） in the tertiary sector, percentage of EAP women, percentage of economically active men and Gross Domestic Product （GDP） per capita among others. However the analysis of the Human Development Index （HDI） is not associated with the tourism variables
文摘In this paper we study the stability analysis of two within-host Chikungunya virus （CHIKV） dynamics models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected mouocytes is modeled by a general nonlinear function. The second model considers two types of infected monocytes （i） latently infected monocytes which do not generate CHIKV and （ii） actively infected monocytes which produce the CHIKV particles. Sufficient conditions are found which guarantee the global stability of the positive steady states. Using the Lyapunov function, we established the global stability of the steady states of the models. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
