国际视域下百年人口传播研究的问题指向和理论动向

文章基于万方和Web of Science等数据库数据,梳理了20世纪20年代以来有关人口传播文献。研究发现,人口传播研究一直以实证研究为主要范式,以解决问题为意义取向,高生育率背景下和低生育率背景下的人口传播研究都分别经历了一个从原因解释到积极干预的过程。高生育率背景下的人口传播研究,由“KAP”调查转入以“萨比多方法”为代表的创新扩散研究;低生育率背景下的人口传播研究,经由对扩散过程的解释和大众媒体效果研究,扩展到媒体对人们不确定性感知的影响和对第二次人口转变理论的解释。到了21世纪,旨在保护生育力的生育和生殖健康教育逐渐兴起。在整个百年人口传播研究中,媒体对生育认知、生育意愿和生育行为等影响一直是一条主线。从学科视角上看,传播学在与人口学、生殖健康学、社会学相融合的过程中,逐渐凸显自身视角。目前,一些传播学者开始关注媒体对生育恐惧的影响等问题,人口传播研究中传播学本身的视角又逐渐凸显。

人口网络信息传播的策略探析——以中国人口网为例

通过考察中国人口网的信息传播现状,认为其信息传播多为自上而下的宣传,少平等温和的互动,没有发挥网媒的优势,传播方式还处于传统媒体信息网络化阶段,缺乏有效的信息传播手段和技巧。为此,运用传播学理论探析增强人口计生信息传播效果的手段和途径,认为在人口计生宣传中有效设置议程,满足受众的信息需求,并注意新闻信息的涵化,有助于正确引导计生舆论,提升计生政策的宣传效果。

青海人口文化传播的创新与发展

近年来,青海省在人口文化传播工作上有许多创新:主要表现在立足省情实际,树立全新的服务发展理念,将人口计划生育工作从以育龄群众为中心转向了以家庭为中心,服务对象从育龄人群扩大到了家庭所有成员,服务内容从生殖健康、计划生育、避孕节育、优生优育延伸到生育文明、幸福家庭、新风良俗、诚信守法、家庭发展、健康吉祥等促进家庭健康幸福和谐发展的各个方面。

A nested case-control study of maternal-neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in a Chinese population

AIM:To examine the determinants of maternal-neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) METHODS:A nested case-control study was conducted in Changsha,Hunan,People's Republic of China from January 1,2005 to September 31,2006 To avoid potential maternal blood contamination,we collected vein blood of newborns immediately after birth and before initial hepatitis B vaccination to determine the HBV infection status of the newborn For each HBsAg-positive infant,one HBsAg-negative infant born to an HBsAg-positive mother was matched by hospital at birth(same),gender(same),and date of birth(within 1 mo) A faceto-face interview was conducted to collect clinical and epidemiological data Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the independent effects of various determinants on maternal-neonatal transmission of HBV RESULTS:A total of 141 HBsAg-positive infants and 141 individually matched HBsAg-negative infants were included in the final analysis Maternal first-degree family history of HBV infection,intrahepatic cholestasis,and premature rupture of membranes were risk factors for perinatal transmission of HBV,whereas systematic treatment and HBV immunoglobulin injections for mothers with HBV infection were protective factors for maternal-neonatal transmission of HBV,after adjustment for potential confounding factors CONCLUSION:For HBsAg-positive mothers,systematic treatment,HBV immunoglobulin administration,and controlling intrahepatic cholestasis and pregnancy complications may reduce the incidence of perinatal transmission of HBV.

SEIR Model of Rumor Spreading in Online Social Network with Varying Total Population Size

Based on the infectious disease model with disease latency, this paper proposes a new model for the rumor spreading process in online social network. In this paper what we establish an SEIR rumor spreading model to describe the online social network with varying total number of users and user deactivation rate. We calculate the exact equilibrium points and reproduction number for this model. Furthermore, we perform the rumor spreading process in the online social network with increasing population size based on the original real world Facebook network. The simulation results indicate that the SEIR model of rumor spreading in online social network with changing total number of users can accurately reveal the inherent characteristics of rumor spreading process in online social network.