不同时期人口走私概况与国际刑警打击对策

国际刑警组织是一个国际性组织，是一个协调预防和打击国际刑事犯罪活动的政府间的国际组织。国际刑警组织是一个合作体系．它联合了186个成员国．在打击刑事犯罪这一特定领域里广泛地开展执法合作。对于人口走私，国际刑警组织在不同时期运用不同的策略予以打击．

全球化时代中国境外人口态势及社会问题透析

当代的全球化不仅仅是经济的全球化,而且还有政治、文化、教育、科技、体育、旅游和人口流动的全球化。在人口流动全球化日益扩展的国际形势下,我国的境外人口也呈现出大幅增加、成份复杂、分布广阔的趋势。日益增多境外人口在给我国经济和社会发展注入活力的同时,也出现了“三非”现象突出,安全问题的国际化、地区化程度加深,就业冲突日渐显现,保护境外人口合法权益的任务加重等问题。认清这些问题,对重构我国境外人口管理的理念、对策、方略体系具有重要的客体性价值。

“移民”事关全球化——访国际移民组织总干事麦金利

近年来，全球各类移民呈现大规模上升趋势。移民和移民趋势对世界的未来非常重要，这将是全球化的一个重要因素。

Comparison Between Reconstructions of Global Anthropogenic Land Cover Change over Past Two Millennia

Three global datasets, the History Database of the Global Environment （HYDE）, Kaplan and Krurnhardt （KK） and Pongratz of reconstructed anthropogenic land cover change （ALCC） were introduced and compared in this paper. The HYDE dataset was recon- structed by Goldewijk and his colleagues at the National institute of Public ttealth and the Environment in Netherland, covering the past 12 000 years. The KK dataset was reconstructed by Kaplan and his colleagues, the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Research Group at the Institute of Environmental Engineering in Switzerland, covering the past 8000 years. The Pongratz dataset was reconstructed by Pon- gratz and her colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany, coveting AD 800-1992. The results show that the reconstructed datasets are quite different from each other due to the different methods used. The three datasets all allocated the historical ALCC according to human population density. The main reason causing the differences among the three datasets lies on the different relationships between population density and land use used in each reconstructed dataset. The KK dataset is better than the other two datasets for two important reasons. First, it used the nonlinear relationship between population density and land use, while the other two used the linear relationship. Second, Kaplan and his colleagues adopted the technological development and intensification parameters and considered the wood harvesting and the long-term fallow area resulted from shifting cultivation, which were neglected in the recon- structions of the other two datasets. Therefore, the KK dataset is more suitable as one of the anthropogenic forcing fields for climate simulation over the past two millennia that is recently concerned by two projects, the National Basic Research Program and the Strategic and Special Frontier Project of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS: CHINA'S URBAN GOVERNANCE

China′s urban reforms have brought social progress and development, but a comprehensive national system of social welfare (for example, unemployment insurance, pensions, medical care and public housing) for new migrants from rural areas is lacking. One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in social "equality", with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society. However, there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants. Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums. This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy, which include mainly: 1) accommodating urban growth through low cost investment projects; 2) urban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy; 3) to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty; 4) to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology; 5) to coordinate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijing′s metropolitan fringe.

Review on carbon emissions, energy consumption and low-carbon economy in China from a perspective of global climate change

Accompanying the rapid growth of China's population and economy, energy consumption and carbon emission increased significantly from 1978 to 2012. China is now the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter of the world, leading to much interest in researches on the nexus between energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. This article presents the domestic Chinese studies on this hotpot issue, and we obtain the following findings. First, most research fields involve geography, ecology and resource economics, and research contents contained some analysis of current situation, factors decomposition, predictive analysis and the introduction of methods and models. Second, there exists an inverted "U-shaped" curve connection between carbon emission, energy consumption and economic development. Energy consumption in China will be in a low-speed growth after 2035 and it is expected to peak between 6.19–12.13 billion TCE in 2050. China's carbon emissions are expected to peak in 2035, or during 2020 to 2045, and the optimal range of carbon emissions is between 2.4–3.3 PgC/year(1 PgC=1 billion tons C) in 2050. Third, future research should be focused on global carbon trading, regional carbon flows, reforming the current energy structure, reducing energy consumption and innovating the low-carbon economic theory, as well as establishing a comprehensive theoretical system of energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy.

Global Trends and the Tasks of Comparative Politics

While comparative politics is concerned with the domestic dynamics of political communities, global trends confront each community with colmnon pressures and challenges. Three basic trends are identified： first, the redefinition of political commtmities by globalization; second, the transformation of communication by electronic media ; and third, the transformation of policy issues by demographic changes. These trends set three broad and interrelated challenges for all political commumties： identity, governance, and sustainability. Each political community responds in its own way to these challenges ; and the task of comparative politics is to understand the distinctive responses to shared problems of adjustment. The study of comparative politics should proceed from a variety of national perspectives in order to globalize its own academic discourse.