This study was undertaken to construct a preliminary spatial analysis method for building an urban-suburban-rural category in the specific sample area of central California and providing distribution characteristics i...This study was undertaken to construct a preliminary spatial analysis method for building an urban-suburban-rural category in the specific sample area of central California and providing distribution characteristics in each category, based on which, some further studies such as regional manners of residential wood burning emission (PM2.5, the term used for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air, refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 mu m or smaller in size) could be carried out for the project of residential wood combustion. Demographic and infrastructure data with spatial characteristics were processed by integrating both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistics method (Cluster Analysis), and then output to a category map as the result. It approached the quantitative and multi-variables description on the major characteristics variations among the urban, suburban and rural; and perfected the TIGER's urban-rural classification scheme by adding suburban category. Based on the free public GIS data, the spatial analysis method provides an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners, urban/regional planners and administrators to delineate different categories of regional function on the specific locations and dig out spatial distribution information they wanted. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models.展开更多
Despite concerted efforts to create employment opportunities and the realized economic growth between 2000 and 2005, the unemployment rate in Namibia currently stands at 27.4%, according to the Labour Force Survey rel...Despite concerted efforts to create employment opportunities and the realized economic growth between 2000 and 2005, the unemployment rate in Namibia currently stands at 27.4%, according to the Labour Force Survey released in April 2013. The percentage of employed males in Namibia stands at 41.6% while that of employed females stand at 28.8% according to the National Human Resources Plan of May 2013. Analysts have put the blame on adverse climatic conditions, limited levels of skills, access to finance, and the structure of the economy. The frustration and discomfort caused by unemployment, especially among the youth, can threaten the country＇s peace and stability as it negatively impacts on the standard of living, crime rates, family happiness, and drug abuse.To date, studies on employment in Namibia have mainly concentrated on the micro and macro econometric approaches. It is important to examine how bio-demographic characteristics affect employment. This paper uses data from the 2010 Income and expenditure survey to establish the bio-demographic determinants of employment by fitting a binary logistic model. The outcome variable is employment status which is dichotomous. The independent variables which were guided by review of related literature and availability of data in the Income and Expenditure survey data set, included age-group, region, place of residence, marital status, education level, and gender. Results indicated that employment prospects in Namibia were influenced by the region, gender, marital status, and education level.展开更多
Purpose： To evaluate massive transfusion protocol practices by trauma type at a level I trauma center. Methods： A retrospective analysis was performed on a sample of 76 trauma patients with MTP activation between Ma...Purpose： To evaluate massive transfusion protocol practices by trauma type at a level I trauma center. Methods： A retrospective analysis was performed on a sample of 76 trauma patients with MTP activation between March 2010 and January 2015 at a regional trauma center. Patient demographics, transfusion practices, and clinical outcomes were compared by type of trauma sustained. Results： Penetrating trauma patients who required MTP activation were significantly younger, had lower injury severity score （ISS）, higher probability of survival （POS）, decreased mortality, and higher Glasgow Coma scale （GCS） compared to blunt trauma patients. Overall, the mortality rate was 38.16~. The most common injury sustained among blunt trauma patients was head injury （36.21~）, whereas the majority of the penetrating trauma patients sustained abdominal injuries （55.56~）. Although the admission coagulation parameters and timing of coagulopathy were not significantly different between the two groups of patients, a significantly higher proportion of penetrating trauma patients received high plasma content therapy relative to blunt trauma patients （p 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Despite the use of the same MTP for all injured patients requiring massive transfusion, significant differences existed between blunt trauma patients and penetrating trauma patients. These differences in transfusion characteristics and outcomes following MTP activation underscore the complexity of implementing MTPs and warrant vigilant transfusion practices to improve outcomes in trauma patients.展开更多
文摘This study was undertaken to construct a preliminary spatial analysis method for building an urban-suburban-rural category in the specific sample area of central California and providing distribution characteristics in each category, based on which, some further studies such as regional manners of residential wood burning emission (PM2.5, the term used for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air, refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 mu m or smaller in size) could be carried out for the project of residential wood combustion. Demographic and infrastructure data with spatial characteristics were processed by integrating both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistics method (Cluster Analysis), and then output to a category map as the result. It approached the quantitative and multi-variables description on the major characteristics variations among the urban, suburban and rural; and perfected the TIGER's urban-rural classification scheme by adding suburban category. Based on the free public GIS data, the spatial analysis method provides an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners, urban/regional planners and administrators to delineate different categories of regional function on the specific locations and dig out spatial distribution information they wanted. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models.
文摘Despite concerted efforts to create employment opportunities and the realized economic growth between 2000 and 2005, the unemployment rate in Namibia currently stands at 27.4%, according to the Labour Force Survey released in April 2013. The percentage of employed males in Namibia stands at 41.6% while that of employed females stand at 28.8% according to the National Human Resources Plan of May 2013. Analysts have put the blame on adverse climatic conditions, limited levels of skills, access to finance, and the structure of the economy. The frustration and discomfort caused by unemployment, especially among the youth, can threaten the country＇s peace and stability as it negatively impacts on the standard of living, crime rates, family happiness, and drug abuse.To date, studies on employment in Namibia have mainly concentrated on the micro and macro econometric approaches. It is important to examine how bio-demographic characteristics affect employment. This paper uses data from the 2010 Income and expenditure survey to establish the bio-demographic determinants of employment by fitting a binary logistic model. The outcome variable is employment status which is dichotomous. The independent variables which were guided by review of related literature and availability of data in the Income and Expenditure survey data set, included age-group, region, place of residence, marital status, education level, and gender. Results indicated that employment prospects in Namibia were influenced by the region, gender, marital status, and education level.
文摘Purpose： To evaluate massive transfusion protocol practices by trauma type at a level I trauma center. Methods： A retrospective analysis was performed on a sample of 76 trauma patients with MTP activation between March 2010 and January 2015 at a regional trauma center. Patient demographics, transfusion practices, and clinical outcomes were compared by type of trauma sustained. Results： Penetrating trauma patients who required MTP activation were significantly younger, had lower injury severity score （ISS）, higher probability of survival （POS）, decreased mortality, and higher Glasgow Coma scale （GCS） compared to blunt trauma patients. Overall, the mortality rate was 38.16~. The most common injury sustained among blunt trauma patients was head injury （36.21~）, whereas the majority of the penetrating trauma patients sustained abdominal injuries （55.56~）. Although the admission coagulation parameters and timing of coagulopathy were not significantly different between the two groups of patients, a significantly higher proportion of penetrating trauma patients received high plasma content therapy relative to blunt trauma patients （p 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Despite the use of the same MTP for all injured patients requiring massive transfusion, significant differences existed between blunt trauma patients and penetrating trauma patients. These differences in transfusion characteristics and outcomes following MTP activation underscore the complexity of implementing MTPs and warrant vigilant transfusion practices to improve outcomes in trauma patients.
