The trans-boundary scope of the Tume n River Basin(TRB)going through China,Russia and DPRK has been defined,and on the basis of this,status of urbanization and its impacts on water environment in recent 20years in TRB...The trans-boundary scope of the Tume n River Basin(TRB)going through China,Russia and DPRK has been defined,and on the basis of this,status of urbanization and its impacts on water environment in recent 20years in TRB have been analyzed.Urbanizatio n in TRB can be characterized as:1)There is medium level of overall urbanization in TRB.Certain distance still exists compared with developed countries.And it is lower than the average urbanization level of Russia and higher than that o f China.2)There is unbalanced distribution of urbanization development in TRB.Urbanization in China part owns the c haracter of low starting point and hi gh-speed development.In Russia part,charac-ter of urbanization can be described as high starting point and stable development.In DPRK part,urbanizatio n level is low,and motive power lacks.3)Due to large population,in China part there is broader region urbanized,larger radius and higher frequency of human activities,which lead to heavier pressure on environment.Meanwhile,the paper has point-ed that impacts of urbanization on wa ter environment are as follows:1)Urban population growth and industr y develop-ment increase the demand for freshwa ter,and also exacerbate the contrad iction between limited water supply and increas-ing freshwater demand.2)Urban infrastructure doesn’t match with urban productive function especially treatment facili-ties,which results in the pollution of the Tumen River.3)The pollution situation in the Tumen River got peak point in1995,and presently,such situation has been improved in great scale,due to effective interventions adopted.However,there still exist 2enterprises that are urgent to be harnessed.Moreover,pollution of municipal sewage will become more and more apparent.4)The influence of urbanization on soil is mainly caused by industrial effl uent and slag,and pollut-ed water irrigation.Soil and water l oss has also been a serious problem caused by urbanization.5)Urbanization results in the decrease of wetlands area.Fur thermore,the paper has given a brief account of the perspective and recom menda-tions on urbanization and environme ntal impacts.展开更多
Henan province is the province that promotes the progress of industrialization and urbanization faster. Along with the flow of rural surplus labor, on the one hand, it formed the large group of migrant children in cit...Henan province is the province that promotes the progress of industrialization and urbanization faster. Along with the flow of rural surplus labor, on the one hand, it formed the large group of migrant children in cities and towns; on the other hand, the ideological and moral problem of the ＂Left-behind children＂ grows increasingly. It not only concerns the happiness of family and the social harmony and stability, but also concerns the quality level of new rural population and labor force in the future.展开更多
This paper makes an appraisal of the successful experience of China, a country with the largest agricultural population in the world, in the reduction of rural poverty. We conclude that it is an indispensible strategy...This paper makes an appraisal of the successful experience of China, a country with the largest agricultural population in the world, in the reduction of rural poverty. We conclude that it is an indispensible strategy to give priority to the development of urban sectors to promote economic growth and reduce rural poverty, and that the development of low value-added agriculture yields few, if any, benefits in decreasing rural poverty. By first adopting urban-biased policies and promoting industrialization, China has created new sources of economic growth and urban employment opportunities to absorb the surplus rural workforce. Entering labor-intensive industrial sectors for higher incomes has thus become a critical avenue for the rural poor to benefit from economic growth and escape poverty.展开更多
文摘The trans-boundary scope of the Tume n River Basin(TRB)going through China,Russia and DPRK has been defined,and on the basis of this,status of urbanization and its impacts on water environment in recent 20years in TRB have been analyzed.Urbanizatio n in TRB can be characterized as:1)There is medium level of overall urbanization in TRB.Certain distance still exists compared with developed countries.And it is lower than the average urbanization level of Russia and higher than that o f China.2)There is unbalanced distribution of urbanization development in TRB.Urbanization in China part owns the c haracter of low starting point and hi gh-speed development.In Russia part,charac-ter of urbanization can be described as high starting point and stable development.In DPRK part,urbanizatio n level is low,and motive power lacks.3)Due to large population,in China part there is broader region urbanized,larger radius and higher frequency of human activities,which lead to heavier pressure on environment.Meanwhile,the paper has point-ed that impacts of urbanization on wa ter environment are as follows:1)Urban population growth and industr y develop-ment increase the demand for freshwa ter,and also exacerbate the contrad iction between limited water supply and increas-ing freshwater demand.2)Urban infrastructure doesn’t match with urban productive function especially treatment facili-ties,which results in the pollution of the Tumen River.3)The pollution situation in the Tumen River got peak point in1995,and presently,such situation has been improved in great scale,due to effective interventions adopted.However,there still exist 2enterprises that are urgent to be harnessed.Moreover,pollution of municipal sewage will become more and more apparent.4)The influence of urbanization on soil is mainly caused by industrial effl uent and slag,and pollut-ed water irrigation.Soil and water l oss has also been a serious problem caused by urbanization.5)Urbanization results in the decrease of wetlands area.Fur thermore,the paper has given a brief account of the perspective and recom menda-tions on urbanization and environme ntal impacts.
文摘Henan province is the province that promotes the progress of industrialization and urbanization faster. Along with the flow of rural surplus labor, on the one hand, it formed the large group of migrant children in cities and towns; on the other hand, the ideological and moral problem of the ＂Left-behind children＂ grows increasingly. It not only concerns the happiness of family and the social harmony and stability, but also concerns the quality level of new rural population and labor force in the future.
文摘This paper makes an appraisal of the successful experience of China, a country with the largest agricultural population in the world, in the reduction of rural poverty. We conclude that it is an indispensible strategy to give priority to the development of urban sectors to promote economic growth and reduce rural poverty, and that the development of low value-added agriculture yields few, if any, benefits in decreasing rural poverty. By first adopting urban-biased policies and promoting industrialization, China has created new sources of economic growth and urban employment opportunities to absorb the surplus rural workforce. Entering labor-intensive industrial sectors for higher incomes has thus become a critical avenue for the rural poor to benefit from economic growth and escape poverty.
