集聚式发展:人口移流视阈下的农村

在传统农业型社会向现代型社会转变的关键时期,政治、经济、文化、社会等结构变迁更加快速,农村大量劳动力外出流动和转移,农村陷入了一种空间、组织、产业、文化等结构上的分散式状态,发展面临滞化、弱化、退化的境地。由此,集聚式发展可考虑成为应对这一问题探索性措施。

占籍制度与明代的流移人口

占籍制度在明初是黄册制度的附庸,政府用占籍来确定人户的种类。而在当时存在大量的流移人口的行政背景下,占籍制度被运用作为一种行之有效的固定流移人口户籍手段。占籍制度使得政府得以控制一部分流移人口的同时,也使得流移人口在自已所居住、所经营的当地获得了身份认同与同等的政治权利。而正是占籍制度的这一功效,使得占籍制度在明代发生了嬗变,占籍制度成为了一种专用于控制流移人口、实现身份认同的制度。

道光朝抚辑青海蒙古人口流移述论

青海蒙古自蒙藏分治之后,陷入持续的衰落之中,人口的大量流移即为其重要表征。自雍正朝末开始,至道光朝初,青海蒙古人口流移规模越来越大,蒙古民众散布于沿边各府、厅、州、县,不仅造成了严重的社会治安问题,也威胁着清朝的边疆民族地区政策。为此,清朝不断加大对流移人口的抚辑力度。道光初年,在那彦成的主持下,制定了一整套抚辑政策。这些抚辑政策在短期内取得了较好的效果,然因不能改变清朝的整体政策框架,亦无意于改变区域社会的政治制度,也就不可能消除造成青海蒙古人口流移的根源性问题。

论抗战时期乌江流域的人口流移与民族融会

抗战时期,中国西南边陲的乌江流域因其特殊的地理区位,成为了众多内迁机构、学校和难民逃亡入迁的首选之所。伴随各种机关企业、学术团体、公职人员、知识分子、四面八方的商人和走投无路的穷苦百姓不期而至,这不仅打破了乌江流域二十世纪上半叶的宁静,直接冲击了当地由来已久的生产生活方式;而且导致了乌江流域地区外来人口的激增,并大力推动了当地各民族之间政治、经济、文化的交流与融合。

明清山区资源开发特点述论──以秦岭-大巴山区为例

山区开发是明清时期资源开发的重要内容。以秦岭－大巴山区为例：资源开发活动的大规模展开，与全国性人口急剧增长、生存压力增大以及玉米、红薯、马铃薯等新作物的引进。推广等背景、条件紧密相关，并由此表现出资源开发以外来流移为主体；开发过程中存在着显著的盲目过度倾向、资源开发以及以农耕为主体的经营粗放化、经济增长不稳定等明显特点，以致山区经济发展后劲严重不足，较早出现了阶段性停滞、衰退的趋势，发人深思。

Migration Laws of Floating Population in Mianyang

Based on the overall analysis of the floating population among big and medium-sized cities in China,this paper, by means of statistics and questionnaires, makes a systematical study on the migratory features of the floating population in Mianyang, its employment structure, migrating causes and channels. According to the findings, the author finds a fact that with the strategy of Western Development, and with the construction of science and technology city of Mianyang, the migrating in Mianyang conforms to the general patterns of the migration, which has happened in those big and medium-sized cities in China.In addition,the city has a new but unique feature — economic factor, as the driving force of population migration, is quite distinct from that of those citiesin eastern areas of China.

从暂离到永徙:北宋时期对黄河下游水患流民的管控

北宋时期黄河下游地区水患问题突出,引发该区域生态环境的恶化,对居住于此的民众造成了极大的冲击,以致出现持续不断的人口流移浪潮。流移浪潮的形成主要是民众自发迁移的结果,政府的有意为之是助推民众持续流移的另一关键因素。政府基于水患破坏下黄河下游区域经济衰退、无力赈济等原因的考虑,采取“移民就食”的办法,并辅以赈济流民、劝导归业等相关措施,以期实现“灾年外迁,丰年归乡”的季节性流移管控。然而事与愿违,随着水患灾害的愈发严重,再加上政府管控措施存在内在缺陷,黄河下游地区人口的暂时性流移日渐转变为永久性迁移,从而引发了区域社会的一系列变动。

Mobility in the Retirement Period An Assessment of the Current Situation

Today, individuals＇ attitudes towards retirement and old age have changed with the increase of life expectancy and healthy and active years after retirement, rise in purchasing power, and mobility opportunities. As a result of this change, the rate of post-retirement migration, settling into a new life in a new region after retirement, has considerably increased. However, despite of this increase, post-retirement migration is one of the least analyzed migration movements among existing studies. Hence, in this article, studies analyzing properties of post-retirement migration and factors causing this migration are assessed. As every migration movement, post-migration movements also create changes laying different responsibilities on both emigrant and immigrant regions and migrating person and require settling into a new life in the place of arrival. In the relevant studies, the basic reason for post-retirement migration is considered as pursuit of peace and joy and it is defined as a migration type under the high influence of counter-urbanization movement. According to the results of the study, it is stated that post-retirement migrants, unlike many international migrants, can buy their own houses in the countries of arrival and can maintain a relatively high standard of living compared to that local community, and that this situation is a very attractive factor encouraging them to migrate. Moreover in the studies, characteristics causing migration and belonging to the region of departure are analyzed as aversive while characteristics belonging to the region of arrival are analyzed as attractive factors.

曹操“短歌行”试解

最近在文学遺產上看到刘射先生評“乐府古詩”的文字,其中提到徐澄宇先生解釋短歌行一篇,說是曹操思念刘备之作。刘射先生認为这样解釋,沒有歷史根据,不合乎詩意。随后徐先生的反駁說:“从前人对这詩有多少推断和理証,我是有点根据的”。徐先生所根据的究竟是怎样的推断和理証,未敢悬揣。玆就我平时对此詩的理解,写了这篇試解,確当与否,自不敢必,愿意提供大家討論的参考。短歌行一篇,在我看來,是曹操詩歌里一篇最有代表性的“言志”之作。全詩的思想情感,是表現了他对于統一事業不能完成而生的憂郁,和虽未完成統一,并不灰心,仍要積極進取的豪迈心情。詩的主要思想,还在積極進取一面。这样說。