Objectives:This study was conducted to investigate the current status of handoffs,perception of patient safety culture,and degrees of handoff evaluation in small and medium-sized hospitals and identified factors that ...Objectives:This study was conducted to investigate the current status of handoffs,perception of patient safety culture,and degrees of handoff evaluation in small and medium-sized hospitals and identified factors that make a difference in handoff evaluation.Methods:This is a descriptive study.425 nurses who work at small and medium-sized hospitals in South Korea were included in our study.They completed a set of self-reporting questionnaires that evaluated demographic data,handoff-related characteristics,perception of patient safety culture,and handoff evaluation.Results:Results showed that the overall score of awareness of a patient safety culture was 3.65±0.45,the level was moderate.The score of handoff evaluation was 5.24±0.85.Most nurses experienced errors in handoff and most nurses had no guidelines and checklist in the ward.Handoff evaluation differed significantly according to the level of education,work patterns,duration of hospital employment,handoff method,degree of satisfaction with the current handoff method,errors occurring at the time of handoff,handoff guidelines,and appropriateness of handoff education time(P<0.05).Conclusion:For handoff improvement,guidelines and standards should be established.It is necessary to develop a structured handoff education system.And formal handoff education should be implemented to spread knowledge uniformly.展开更多
This study gives a comparison between what occurs when braking on a MOT （Ministry of Transport） brake tester. The results from this research and the exhaustive comparative study carried out by the mechanical enginee...This study gives a comparison between what occurs when braking on a MOT （Ministry of Transport） brake tester. The results from this research and the exhaustive comparative study carried out by the mechanical engineering staffs at the mechanical laboratory at MOT stations in cities such as： Elche, Pilar de la Horadada and Orihuela from Alicante region [2] have led to the following main conclusions： this paper demonstrates that MOT brake testing results can vary depending on parameters variation such as： distance between rollers, roller diameter, roughness of rollers and velocity of the brake test.展开更多
Heat transfer enhancement is used in many applications including heat exchangers, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems; hence many researchers have conducted experimental and numerical researches on heat transf...Heat transfer enhancement is used in many applications including heat exchangers, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems; hence many researchers have conducted experimental and numerical researches on heat transfer enhancement and have developed various techniques and methods. As a passive heat transfer technique, twisted tapes are widely used in various industries for their cost savings, lower maintenance requirements and the fact that they are easily set up. This paper introduces the principle of heat transfer enhancement of twisted tapes and reviews some of the experimental works done by researchers on this technique in recent years. The variously modified twisted tape inserts are widely researched and used to enhance heat transfer efficiency for heat exchangers. Twisted tapes perform better in low Re conditions and in square tubes. However, they could also cause higher pressure drops. Twisted tapes have great potential and profound implications if they can be used in traditional heat exchangers. Besides this, some correlations between the Nusselt number and friction factors are presented in this paper.展开更多
Objective This stud）＇ aims to analyze interpersonal pattern gr-oup psychological counseling process for members＇ subjective apiration. Method Using Nvivo7.0 qualitative analysis software to do the transcripts c-odi...Objective This stud）＇ aims to analyze interpersonal pattern gr-oup psychological counseling process for members＇ subjective apiration. Method Using Nvivo7.0 qualitative analysis software to do the transcripts c-oding analysis of interpersonal pattern group psychological counseling pro-cess. Result Through the qualitative analysis,we fred that members＇ sub-jective apiration have two trends： One trend is with the group psycholo-gical counseling process for increasing;another kind is： increase--decrease--increase ,specificly showing that：：existing subjective apiration-- The subjective will weaken （because of denial and skepticism this group ）or strengthen （accepting this group）-- the subjective apiration increases, applying new pattern in groups--the subjective apiration become specification, the new pattern to repl-ace the old pattern in life. Conclusion 1. In interpersonal group counseling process, members＇ subjective apiration exists two kinds of trend that to weakened after reinforcement and enhancement gradually strengthen： 2. Members＇ subjective apiration of group psychological counseling can influence the effect of group psychological counseling.展开更多
Objective This study aims to analyze interpersonal pattern gr-oup psychological counseling process for members＇ subjective apiration. Method Using Nvivo7.0 qualitative analysis software to do the transcripts c-oding ...Objective This study aims to analyze interpersonal pattern gr-oup psychological counseling process for members＇ subjective apiration. Method Using Nvivo7.0 qualitative analysis software to do the transcripts c-oding analysis of interpersonal pattern group psychological counseling pro-cess. Result Through the qualitative analysis,we find that members＇ sub-jective apiration have two trends： One trend is with the group psycholo-gical counseling process for increasing;another kind is： increase--decrease--increase, specificly showing that：：existing subjective apiration-- The subjective will weaken （because of denial and skepticism this group ）or strengthen （accepting this group）-- the subjective apiration increases, applying new pattern in groups--the subjective apiration become specification, the new pattern to repl-ace the old pattern in life. Conclusion 1. In interpersonal group counseling process, members＇ subjective apiration exists two kinds of trend that to weakened after reinforcement and enhancement gradually strengthen; 2. Members＇ subjective apiration of group psychological counseling can influence the effect of group psychological counseling.展开更多
Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic c...Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic characteristics, family relationships, social and economic factors and professional environment, such as in four dimensions, the article has reviewed the individual retirement decisions affecting factors and its mechanism of action, and summed up the consensus theory and some controversy. In future research, we need to strengthen the cross disciplines and integration, to explore more available research variables, provide a new starting point for further theoretical research and policy making.展开更多
Related party transactions （RPTs） can be used by corporate insiders （e.g., managers, controlling shareholders） to expropriate corporate outsiders （e.g., minority shareholders）. We argue that effective disclosure...Related party transactions （RPTs） can be used by corporate insiders （e.g., managers, controlling shareholders） to expropriate corporate outsiders （e.g., minority shareholders）. We argue that effective disclosure of RPTs can eliminate or at least reduce expropriation phenomena by letting corporate outsiders assess the fairness of the transactions and identify the underlying conflicts of interest. We consider a sample of large RPTs carried out by listed corporations in Italy, a country that has been affected by significant corporate scandals in recent years. In particular, we analyse the content of several compulsory informative documents, required by CONSOB （the Italian Securities and Exchange Commission）, concerning large RPTs. The focus of our content analysis is on the ＂warnings＂ sections of these documents that should convey clear and comprehensive information on potential risks and conflicts of interest. Our empirical results show that, while the ＂warnings＂ sections of the studied documents generally contain all the information required by existing rules, the depth of the information provided is often unlikely to be sufficient to communicate the implications of the RPTs. Thus, readers may not find the disclosed information adequate to evaluate the fairness of the transactions. Moreover, visual representations are rarely used in the informative documents. The use of such representations could allow companies to convey the structures and features of complex RPTs in a simpler and more direct way.展开更多
P2P network lending refers to the individual through the oJfline trading platform provided by the Business Company provides small loans to other individuals. According to the sea tree Lingyi data stalistics, as of Nov...P2P network lending refers to the individual through the oJfline trading platform provided by the Business Company provides small loans to other individuals. According to the sea tree Lingyi data stalistics, as of November 2014. China has 1371 P2P network lending company, than by the end of2013 638 over more than doubled. Since 2014,The cumulative volume of the whole network lending industry is up to 431.2 billion yuan. With the increasing social awareness in the industry, the future of the number and amount of P2P network lending companies in China will continue to grow rapidly. However, at present our P2P network credit risk management issues is serious, lacking of professional risk management personnel,who audit on the borrower＇s credit mostly limited to the upload information of borrowers. Credit rating is largely dependent on the subjective judgment of the risk control personnel and audit staff, which can not meet the requirements of the transaction participants in the loan security measures.This paper to pat the loan company were empirical research, through the logistic model to find the breach the key influence factors, to construct the borrower＇s credit risk evaluation methods, and to provide the P2P network lending risk control with specific policy recommendations.展开更多
A favorable environment for the exchange of information and innovation is able to provide the economic and social progress. Thus, this article aims to propose a study methodology to develop strategies for promoting te...A favorable environment for the exchange of information and innovation is able to provide the economic and social progress. Thus, this article aims to propose a study methodology to develop strategies for promoting technological innovation, to answer the research question： What actions to leverage the innovative potential of a region？ Data were collected through qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study was characterized as exploratory, descriptive, and inventory. The study sample was composed of the industrial spectrum of Francisco Beltrao region. Innovation indexes were identified companies operating in areas of greatest economic importance. Representatives of the companies were interviewed for the researcher could analyze their knowledge of the laws that encourage innovation and actions imposed by the interested parties and the municipal government. Interested parties were also interviewed to verify the effectiveness of actions. The main results indicated a low overall rate of innovation of companies in the Francisco Beltrao region. Another point was the very low number of companies they knew about laws and incentives. The higher content of knowledge of these laws and actions of stakeholders were among the companies participating in the single business hub of the city looking for technological innovation. The main conclusions brought proposed strategies to promote technological innovation.展开更多
The present paper reviews 25 studies conducted in the domain of L2 （second/foreign language） dynamic assessment （DA） in recent years. It begins with a survey of relevant research, then discusses some of the major ...The present paper reviews 25 studies conducted in the domain of L2 （second/foreign language） dynamic assessment （DA） in recent years. It begins with a survey of relevant research, then discusses some of the major findings and problems, and finishes with some suggestions for further research. The main findings of the review are as follows： （a） DA has the potential to promote L2 competence development; （b） both the interactionist approach and interventionist approach have attracted the interest of L2 researchers; （c） most studies have focused on small samples; （d） reading and grammatical knowledge have drawn the most attention; （e） group DA may be a potential method to advance L2 competence development in both the focused individual and the other members of the group; （f） computers might play a complementary role to humans acting as mediators; and （g） case study methodology has been the overwhelming choice for experimental design. Based on the available research, we suggest that additional studies are called for on the following issues： （a） L2 DA as an approach to measurement, （b） potential mediators, （c） validity issues of L2 DA, （d） the interface between DA and second language acquisition, and （e） the development of L2 classroom teachers.展开更多
Patients who are diagnosed with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome （ALI/ARDS） usually have ventilation-perfusion mismatch, severe decrease in lung capacity, and gas exchange abnormalities. Health ...Patients who are diagnosed with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome （ALI/ARDS） usually have ventilation-perfusion mismatch, severe decrease in lung capacity, and gas exchange abnormalities. Health care workers have implemented various strategies in an attempt to compensate for these pathological alterations. By rotating patients with ALI/ARDS between the supine and prone position, it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2, decrease shunting and therefore improve oxygenation without use of expensive, invasive and exprimental procedures. Prone positioning is a safe and effective way to improve ventilation when conventional strategies fail to initiate a patient response. Because a specific cure for ARDS is not available, the goat is to support the patients with therapies that cause the least amount of injury while the lungs have an opportunity to heat. Based on current data, a trial of prone positioning ventilation should be offeted to the patients who have ALI/ARDS in the early course of the disease. Published studies exhibit substantial heterogeneity in clinical results, suggesting that an adequately sized study optimizing the duration of pronmg ventilation strategy is warranted to enable definitive conclusions to be drawn.展开更多
As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supp...As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supplying. Vibration energy exists widely in daily environment. Micro vibration power generator can harvest and exchange the vibration energy to the electrical energy. Micro electret power generator is one kind of the power generators for harvesting vibration energy and has been paid much attention by researchers. This paper describes the development and status of micro electret power generators, including electret materials and charging methods, vibration energy harvesting structures and conversion efficiency improvement.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2019R1I1A3A01059093)。
文摘Objectives:This study was conducted to investigate the current status of handoffs,perception of patient safety culture,and degrees of handoff evaluation in small and medium-sized hospitals and identified factors that make a difference in handoff evaluation.Methods:This is a descriptive study.425 nurses who work at small and medium-sized hospitals in South Korea were included in our study.They completed a set of self-reporting questionnaires that evaluated demographic data,handoff-related characteristics,perception of patient safety culture,and handoff evaluation.Results:Results showed that the overall score of awareness of a patient safety culture was 3.65±0.45,the level was moderate.The score of handoff evaluation was 5.24±0.85.Most nurses experienced errors in handoff and most nurses had no guidelines and checklist in the ward.Handoff evaluation differed significantly according to the level of education,work patterns,duration of hospital employment,handoff method,degree of satisfaction with the current handoff method,errors occurring at the time of handoff,handoff guidelines,and appropriateness of handoff education time(P<0.05).Conclusion:For handoff improvement,guidelines and standards should be established.It is necessary to develop a structured handoff education system.And formal handoff education should be implemented to spread knowledge uniformly.
文摘This study gives a comparison between what occurs when braking on a MOT （Ministry of Transport） brake tester. The results from this research and the exhaustive comparative study carried out by the mechanical engineering staffs at the mechanical laboratory at MOT stations in cities such as： Elche, Pilar de la Horadada and Orihuela from Alicante region [2] have led to the following main conclusions： this paper demonstrates that MOT brake testing results can vary depending on parameters variation such as： distance between rollers, roller diameter, roughness of rollers and velocity of the brake test.
文摘Heat transfer enhancement is used in many applications including heat exchangers, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems; hence many researchers have conducted experimental and numerical researches on heat transfer enhancement and have developed various techniques and methods. As a passive heat transfer technique, twisted tapes are widely used in various industries for their cost savings, lower maintenance requirements and the fact that they are easily set up. This paper introduces the principle of heat transfer enhancement of twisted tapes and reviews some of the experimental works done by researchers on this technique in recent years. The variously modified twisted tape inserts are widely researched and used to enhance heat transfer efficiency for heat exchangers. Twisted tapes perform better in low Re conditions and in square tubes. However, they could also cause higher pressure drops. Twisted tapes have great potential and profound implications if they can be used in traditional heat exchangers. Besides this, some correlations between the Nusselt number and friction factors are presented in this paper.
文摘Objective This stud）＇ aims to analyze interpersonal pattern gr-oup psychological counseling process for members＇ subjective apiration. Method Using Nvivo7.0 qualitative analysis software to do the transcripts c-oding analysis of interpersonal pattern group psychological counseling pro-cess. Result Through the qualitative analysis,we fred that members＇ sub-jective apiration have two trends： One trend is with the group psycholo-gical counseling process for increasing;another kind is： increase--decrease--increase ,specificly showing that：：existing subjective apiration-- The subjective will weaken （because of denial and skepticism this group ）or strengthen （accepting this group）-- the subjective apiration increases, applying new pattern in groups--the subjective apiration become specification, the new pattern to repl-ace the old pattern in life. Conclusion 1. In interpersonal group counseling process, members＇ subjective apiration exists two kinds of trend that to weakened after reinforcement and enhancement gradually strengthen： 2. Members＇ subjective apiration of group psychological counseling can influence the effect of group psychological counseling.
文摘Objective This study aims to analyze interpersonal pattern gr-oup psychological counseling process for members＇ subjective apiration. Method Using Nvivo7.0 qualitative analysis software to do the transcripts c-oding analysis of interpersonal pattern group psychological counseling pro-cess. Result Through the qualitative analysis,we find that members＇ sub-jective apiration have two trends： One trend is with the group psycholo-gical counseling process for increasing;another kind is： increase--decrease--increase, specificly showing that：：existing subjective apiration-- The subjective will weaken （because of denial and skepticism this group ）or strengthen （accepting this group）-- the subjective apiration increases, applying new pattern in groups--the subjective apiration become specification, the new pattern to repl-ace the old pattern in life. Conclusion 1. In interpersonal group counseling process, members＇ subjective apiration exists two kinds of trend that to weakened after reinforcement and enhancement gradually strengthen; 2. Members＇ subjective apiration of group psychological counseling can influence the effect of group psychological counseling.
文摘Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic characteristics, family relationships, social and economic factors and professional environment, such as in four dimensions, the article has reviewed the individual retirement decisions affecting factors and its mechanism of action, and summed up the consensus theory and some controversy. In future research, we need to strengthen the cross disciplines and integration, to explore more available research variables, provide a new starting point for further theoretical research and policy making.
文摘Related party transactions （RPTs） can be used by corporate insiders （e.g., managers, controlling shareholders） to expropriate corporate outsiders （e.g., minority shareholders）. We argue that effective disclosure of RPTs can eliminate or at least reduce expropriation phenomena by letting corporate outsiders assess the fairness of the transactions and identify the underlying conflicts of interest. We consider a sample of large RPTs carried out by listed corporations in Italy, a country that has been affected by significant corporate scandals in recent years. In particular, we analyse the content of several compulsory informative documents, required by CONSOB （the Italian Securities and Exchange Commission）, concerning large RPTs. The focus of our content analysis is on the ＂warnings＂ sections of these documents that should convey clear and comprehensive information on potential risks and conflicts of interest. Our empirical results show that, while the ＂warnings＂ sections of the studied documents generally contain all the information required by existing rules, the depth of the information provided is often unlikely to be sufficient to communicate the implications of the RPTs. Thus, readers may not find the disclosed information adequate to evaluate the fairness of the transactions. Moreover, visual representations are rarely used in the informative documents. The use of such representations could allow companies to convey the structures and features of complex RPTs in a simpler and more direct way.
文摘P2P network lending refers to the individual through the oJfline trading platform provided by the Business Company provides small loans to other individuals. According to the sea tree Lingyi data stalistics, as of November 2014. China has 1371 P2P network lending company, than by the end of2013 638 over more than doubled. Since 2014,The cumulative volume of the whole network lending industry is up to 431.2 billion yuan. With the increasing social awareness in the industry, the future of the number and amount of P2P network lending companies in China will continue to grow rapidly. However, at present our P2P network credit risk management issues is serious, lacking of professional risk management personnel,who audit on the borrower＇s credit mostly limited to the upload information of borrowers. Credit rating is largely dependent on the subjective judgment of the risk control personnel and audit staff, which can not meet the requirements of the transaction participants in the loan security measures.This paper to pat the loan company were empirical research, through the logistic model to find the breach the key influence factors, to construct the borrower＇s credit risk evaluation methods, and to provide the P2P network lending risk control with specific policy recommendations.
文摘A favorable environment for the exchange of information and innovation is able to provide the economic and social progress. Thus, this article aims to propose a study methodology to develop strategies for promoting technological innovation, to answer the research question： What actions to leverage the innovative potential of a region？ Data were collected through qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study was characterized as exploratory, descriptive, and inventory. The study sample was composed of the industrial spectrum of Francisco Beltrao region. Innovation indexes were identified companies operating in areas of greatest economic importance. Representatives of the companies were interviewed for the researcher could analyze their knowledge of the laws that encourage innovation and actions imposed by the interested parties and the municipal government. Interested parties were also interviewed to verify the effectiveness of actions. The main results indicated a low overall rate of innovation of companies in the Francisco Beltrao region. Another point was the very low number of companies they knew about laws and incentives. The higher content of knowledge of these laws and actions of stakeholders were among the companies participating in the single business hub of the city looking for technological innovation. The main conclusions brought proposed strategies to promote technological innovation.
基金part of the achievements of the project "Reform of Reading-to-Writing Courses of English Major,"supported by Guangdong Province Higher Educational Reform Essential Project(2013)the education reform project of Southern Medical University
文摘The present paper reviews 25 studies conducted in the domain of L2 （second/foreign language） dynamic assessment （DA） in recent years. It begins with a survey of relevant research, then discusses some of the major findings and problems, and finishes with some suggestions for further research. The main findings of the review are as follows： （a） DA has the potential to promote L2 competence development; （b） both the interactionist approach and interventionist approach have attracted the interest of L2 researchers; （c） most studies have focused on small samples; （d） reading and grammatical knowledge have drawn the most attention; （e） group DA may be a potential method to advance L2 competence development in both the focused individual and the other members of the group; （f） computers might play a complementary role to humans acting as mediators; and （g） case study methodology has been the overwhelming choice for experimental design. Based on the available research, we suggest that additional studies are called for on the following issues： （a） L2 DA as an approach to measurement, （b） potential mediators, （c） validity issues of L2 DA, （d） the interface between DA and second language acquisition, and （e） the development of L2 classroom teachers.
文摘Patients who are diagnosed with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome （ALI/ARDS） usually have ventilation-perfusion mismatch, severe decrease in lung capacity, and gas exchange abnormalities. Health care workers have implemented various strategies in an attempt to compensate for these pathological alterations. By rotating patients with ALI/ARDS between the supine and prone position, it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2, decrease shunting and therefore improve oxygenation without use of expensive, invasive and exprimental procedures. Prone positioning is a safe and effective way to improve ventilation when conventional strategies fail to initiate a patient response. Because a specific cure for ARDS is not available, the goat is to support the patients with therapies that cause the least amount of injury while the lungs have an opportunity to heat. Based on current data, a trial of prone positioning ventilation should be offeted to the patients who have ALI/ARDS in the early course of the disease. Published studies exhibit substantial heterogeneity in clinical results, suggesting that an adequately sized study optimizing the duration of pronmg ventilation strategy is warranted to enable definitive conclusions to be drawn.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2009CB320300)
文摘As the size of the electronic system continuously reduces, characteristics of small volume, light weight, high energy it is very important to develop micro power generator, which has density and continuous energy supplying. Vibration energy exists widely in daily environment. Micro vibration power generator can harvest and exchange the vibration energy to the electrical energy. Micro electret power generator is one kind of the power generators for harvesting vibration energy and has been paid much attention by researchers. This paper describes the development and status of micro electret power generators, including electret materials and charging methods, vibration energy harvesting structures and conversion efficiency improvement.
