Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, a...Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).展开更多
The paper presents to managers＇ and scholars＇ reasons for using models to determine the strategic importance of innovation and its potential value creation. The model of value based innovation （VBI） provides a cle...The paper presents to managers＇ and scholars＇ reasons for using models to determine the strategic importance of innovation and its potential value creation. The model of value based innovation （VBI） provides a clear definition of the adequate value curve to be pursued in any innovation action, from strategic definition to operational product conceptualization and production. The VBI model has been applied in strategic planning in over 100 SMEs throughout Portugal and USA by the authors and other consultant companies. The VBI model provides the practitioners and scholars with a pragmatic tool to determine innovation＇s value creation. Connecting this information with strategic thinking and planning will reduce risk and avoid failure. The theoretical model when converted into a technological application provides an immediate insight into the most adequate strategic innovation to be chosen by top management and operational product developers. The paper demonstrates the relation between innovation and value creation.展开更多
Abstract： The main purpose of the research was to study a role and place of managers in maintaining staff policy at pharmaceutical companies. It was interesting to see how Georgian pharmaceutical companies are gettin...Abstract： The main purpose of the research was to study a role and place of managers in maintaining staff policy at pharmaceutical companies. It was interesting to see how Georgian pharmaceutical companies are getting new employees at work, what is the priority of the new recruits？ What methods are used for selection and recruitment？ There were made inquiries by the way of filling applications, which （the applications） were given to the managers ofAversi, PSP, GPC, Pharmadepot and Pharmaceutical House. 50 managers were interviewed totally. It was established that pharmaceutical company management appoints people on the position of pharmacist-managers mainly on the basis of contract （90%）. At present, the pharmacist education does not comply with the competence, so 55% of interviewed managers are bachelors, 45% are masters. In order to increase the management＇s qualifications, pharmaceutical companies are conducting seminars （50%）, trainings （30%）, and testing （20%）. Staff administration in the pharmacies is mainly carried out by the company administration （75%）, rarely by managers （25%）, but very often the administration takes into consideration the manager＇s opinion; employees are accepted by testing-interview （70%） or CV （30%）. Professional career and experience of the newly employed staff are not highly important （50/50）, and the company prefers to educate and share practice to the personnel itself. It is possible to conclude that today the pharmacist-managers of the pharmacies are working in accordance with the contractual fights and obligations signed with the employers and pharmaceutical activities regulated under non-governmental institutes. As a result, it is important to be included special features of pharmaceutical management and the recommendations offered by the World Health Organization and the International Pharmaceutical Federation in the articles of regulatory laws.展开更多
文摘Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).
文摘The paper presents to managers＇ and scholars＇ reasons for using models to determine the strategic importance of innovation and its potential value creation. The model of value based innovation （VBI） provides a clear definition of the adequate value curve to be pursued in any innovation action, from strategic definition to operational product conceptualization and production. The VBI model has been applied in strategic planning in over 100 SMEs throughout Portugal and USA by the authors and other consultant companies. The VBI model provides the practitioners and scholars with a pragmatic tool to determine innovation＇s value creation. Connecting this information with strategic thinking and planning will reduce risk and avoid failure. The theoretical model when converted into a technological application provides an immediate insight into the most adequate strategic innovation to be chosen by top management and operational product developers. The paper demonstrates the relation between innovation and value creation.
文摘Abstract： The main purpose of the research was to study a role and place of managers in maintaining staff policy at pharmaceutical companies. It was interesting to see how Georgian pharmaceutical companies are getting new employees at work, what is the priority of the new recruits？ What methods are used for selection and recruitment？ There were made inquiries by the way of filling applications, which （the applications） were given to the managers ofAversi, PSP, GPC, Pharmadepot and Pharmaceutical House. 50 managers were interviewed totally. It was established that pharmaceutical company management appoints people on the position of pharmacist-managers mainly on the basis of contract （90%）. At present, the pharmacist education does not comply with the competence, so 55% of interviewed managers are bachelors, 45% are masters. In order to increase the management＇s qualifications, pharmaceutical companies are conducting seminars （50%）, trainings （30%）, and testing （20%）. Staff administration in the pharmacies is mainly carried out by the company administration （75%）, rarely by managers （25%）, but very often the administration takes into consideration the manager＇s opinion; employees are accepted by testing-interview （70%） or CV （30%）. Professional career and experience of the newly employed staff are not highly important （50/50）, and the company prefers to educate and share practice to the personnel itself. It is possible to conclude that today the pharmacist-managers of the pharmacies are working in accordance with the contractual fights and obligations signed with the employers and pharmaceutical activities regulated under non-governmental institutes. As a result, it is important to be included special features of pharmaceutical management and the recommendations offered by the World Health Organization and the International Pharmaceutical Federation in the articles of regulatory laws.
