Two hundred and sixty-two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were analyzed retrospectively. Results showed that middle-and older-age women were more apt to have CTS than men, and that the dominant hand was mor...Two hundred and sixty-two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were analyzed retrospectively. Results showed that middle-and older-age women were more apt to have CTS than men, and that the dominant hand was more frequently affected. Hormonal changes , repetitive and forceful movements, awkward positions of hand and wrist, and other factors may be associated with CTS. Typical clinical manifestations include pain and paresthesia in the median nerve territory, worsening at night or in the early morning , and being relieved by shaking the hand. Although the patients may localize the discomfort beyond the territory, sensory changes are variable and not entirely reliable. Conduction abnormalities often appeared selectively in the median nerve distal to the wrist in CTS. If the patient who is clinically suggestive of CTS shows normal conduction with conventional methods, palmar stimulation and inching technique is recommended. The diagnosis of CTS requires confirmation of illness history, symptoms and signs with objective electrodiagnostic tests.展开更多
Problem-solving strategy i,,; a critical skill in inquiry-based learning. Several studies have investigated how to use learning games to improve inquiry abilities. However, not every learner favors this kind of approa...Problem-solving strategy i,,; a critical skill in inquiry-based learning. Several studies have investigated how to use learning games to improve inquiry abilities. However, not every learner favors this kind of approach. Thus, we need to examine how human factors affect learners＇ reactions to the use of a digital game to support inquiry-based learning. This study addressed this issue by developing a digital game, ＂Baking Town＂, and using the game to examine the effects of two central human factors, sex differences and problem-solving strategies, on students＇ performance. The results demonstrate that students＇ inquiry abilities were significantly improved after they participated in the digital game. The results also demonstrate that the digital game may be a feasible way to reduce differences between boys and girls in this domain. Finally, we used the findings to develop a framework that can be used to enhance our understanding of sex differences and the use of problem-solving strategies in the context of digital games.展开更多
Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic c...Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic characteristics, family relationships, social and economic factors and professional environment, such as in four dimensions, the article has reviewed the individual retirement decisions affecting factors and its mechanism of action, and summed up the consensus theory and some controversy. In future research, we need to strengthen the cross disciplines and integration, to explore more available research variables, provide a new starting point for further theoretical research and policy making.展开更多
Based on three major theories, the Chinese local officials＇ promotion incentive could be influenced by economic performances, political relationships, and financial performances. However, there were some researchers ...Based on three major theories, the Chinese local officials＇ promotion incentive could be influenced by economic performances, political relationships, and financial performances. However, there were some researchers focusing on these promotion mechanisms and then they got different outcomes. This paper achieves the goal for exploring the influence factors of officials＇ promotion by using OLS empirical test. From collecting the data of Chinese local officials and cities＇ economic conditions, we find that economic performances and political relationships can have a significant effect on officials＇ promotion, but financial performances cannot have this effect. And the experiences and lesson of this research have some reference for exploration of Chinese local officials＇ promotion incentive.展开更多
Understanding the role of anthropogenic forcings in regional hydrological changes can help communities plan their adaptation in an informed manner.Here we apply attribution research methods to investigate the effect o...Understanding the role of anthropogenic forcings in regional hydrological changes can help communities plan their adaptation in an informed manner.Here we apply attribution research methods to investigate the effect of human influence on historical trends in wet and dry summers and changes in the likelihood of extreme events in Europe.We employ an ensemble of new climate models and compare experiments with and without the effect of human influence to assess the anthropogenic contribution.Future changes are also analysed with projections to year 2100.We employ two drought indices defined relative to the pre-industrial climate:one driven by changes in rainfall only and one that also includes the effect of temperature via changes in potential evapotranspiration.Both indices suggest significant changes in European summers have already emerged above variability and are expected to intensify in the future,leading to widespread dryer conditions which are more extreme in the south.When only the effect of rainfall is considered,there is a distinct contrast between a shift towards wetter conditions in the north and dryer in the south of the continent,as well as an overall increase in variability.However,when the effect of warming is also included,it largely masks the wet trends in the north,resulting in increasingly drier summers across most of the continent.Historical index trends are already detected in the observations,while models suggest that what were extremely dry conditions in the pre-industrial climate will become normal in the south by the end of the century.展开更多
文摘Two hundred and sixty-two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were analyzed retrospectively. Results showed that middle-and older-age women were more apt to have CTS than men, and that the dominant hand was more frequently affected. Hormonal changes , repetitive and forceful movements, awkward positions of hand and wrist, and other factors may be associated with CTS. Typical clinical manifestations include pain and paresthesia in the median nerve territory, worsening at night or in the early morning , and being relieved by shaking the hand. Although the patients may localize the discomfort beyond the territory, sensory changes are variable and not entirely reliable. Conduction abnormalities often appeared selectively in the median nerve distal to the wrist in CTS. If the patient who is clinically suggestive of CTS shows normal conduction with conventional methods, palmar stimulation and inching technique is recommended. The diagnosis of CTS requires confirmation of illness history, symptoms and signs with objective electrodiagnostic tests.
文摘Problem-solving strategy i,,; a critical skill in inquiry-based learning. Several studies have investigated how to use learning games to improve inquiry abilities. However, not every learner favors this kind of approach. Thus, we need to examine how human factors affect learners＇ reactions to the use of a digital game to support inquiry-based learning. This study addressed this issue by developing a digital game, ＂Baking Town＂, and using the game to examine the effects of two central human factors, sex differences and problem-solving strategies, on students＇ performance. The results demonstrate that students＇ inquiry abilities were significantly improved after they participated in the digital game. The results also demonstrate that the digital game may be a feasible way to reduce differences between boys and girls in this domain. Finally, we used the findings to develop a framework that can be used to enhance our understanding of sex differences and the use of problem-solving strategies in the context of digital games.
文摘Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic characteristics, family relationships, social and economic factors and professional environment, such as in four dimensions, the article has reviewed the individual retirement decisions affecting factors and its mechanism of action, and summed up the consensus theory and some controversy. In future research, we need to strengthen the cross disciplines and integration, to explore more available research variables, provide a new starting point for further theoretical research and policy making.
文摘Based on three major theories, the Chinese local officials＇ promotion incentive could be influenced by economic performances, political relationships, and financial performances. However, there were some researchers focusing on these promotion mechanisms and then they got different outcomes. This paper achieves the goal for exploring the influence factors of officials＇ promotion by using OLS empirical test. From collecting the data of Chinese local officials and cities＇ economic conditions, we find that economic performances and political relationships can have a significant effect on officials＇ promotion, but financial performances cannot have this effect. And the experiences and lesson of this research have some reference for exploration of Chinese local officials＇ promotion incentive.
基金supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by the Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy(BEIS)the Department for Environment,Food&Rural Affairs(Defra)supported by the European Prototype demonstrator for the Harmonisation and Evaluation of Methodologies for attribution of extreme weather Events(EUPHEME)project,which is part of the European Research Area for Climate Services(ERA4CS),a European Research Area Network(ERA-NET)initiated by the Joint Programming Initiative‘‘Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe”(JPI Climate)and co-funded by the European Union(690462)。
文摘Understanding the role of anthropogenic forcings in regional hydrological changes can help communities plan their adaptation in an informed manner.Here we apply attribution research methods to investigate the effect of human influence on historical trends in wet and dry summers and changes in the likelihood of extreme events in Europe.We employ an ensemble of new climate models and compare experiments with and without the effect of human influence to assess the anthropogenic contribution.Future changes are also analysed with projections to year 2100.We employ two drought indices defined relative to the pre-industrial climate:one driven by changes in rainfall only and one that also includes the effect of temperature via changes in potential evapotranspiration.Both indices suggest significant changes in European summers have already emerged above variability and are expected to intensify in the future,leading to widespread dryer conditions which are more extreme in the south.When only the effect of rainfall is considered,there is a distinct contrast between a shift towards wetter conditions in the north and dryer in the south of the continent,as well as an overall increase in variability.However,when the effect of warming is also included,it largely masks the wet trends in the north,resulting in increasingly drier summers across most of the continent.Historical index trends are already detected in the observations,while models suggest that what were extremely dry conditions in the pre-industrial climate will become normal in the south by the end of the century.
