人工智能立法体系化的理论证成与路径选择

人工智能立法体系化是全球人工智能法治的大势所趋,也是协同治理的重要抓手、科学立法的应有之义和法学知识的素材支撑。然而,当前人工智能立法研究存在“概念不清”“定性不准”“理念不彰”“范畴不明”“脉络不畅”五大问题,阻滞了立法体系化进程。应当从“人工智能的应然法律概念”“人工智能法律规范的属性”“人工智能立法的理念欲求”三个层次设置“滤网”,在区分“狭义的人工智能立法”和“广义的人工智能领域立法”的基础上锚定人工智能立法范畴。针对当前人工智能立法“碎片化”的现象,应当坚持以“事物本质”理念检视问题,在法律体系化方法中嵌入“系统—控制论”原理来规整领域立法素材。在此基础上,应当在“法律”层级适时制定一部兼具框架性和包容性的“人工智能法”,以“发展负责任的人工智能”为融贯立法体系的价值基础,以“平衡公平与效率”和“平衡安全与创新”为两大基本原则。此外,以人工智能全生命周期的“研发—生产—服务—使用”节点为横轴,以“具体风险控制”和“抽象权利保护”两种控制模式为纵轴,可以纵横交错编织出八个具有规范生成功能的法律关系定型“区间”,由此形成构筑人工智能立法制度谱系的基本线索。

基于教师权益的自主人工智能应用——对联合国教科文组织《教师人工智能能力框架》的解读

本文是对联合国教科文组织发布的《教师人工智能能力框架》的解读。人工智能在逐步以拟人智能体的技术形态助推“教师、学生和人工智能”三角教学互动关系的构建,并在人机互动中挑战教师的能动性,这凸显了教师理解和秉承以人为本的人工智能观念的必要性。目前通用的猎取性挖掘人类数据训练人工智能模型的智能技术生产关系范式加速了人工智能伦理问题的裂变及对智能时代社会关系的冲击和重构,人工智能伦理以及人工智能时代的社会责任已成为教师的必学领域。作为当今社会无所不在的一类基础性通用技术,人工智能在颠覆生产流程、社会实践和生活方式等方面的技术变革潜力已经彰显,教师理解人工智能基本工作原理、批判性评判其教学育人的适用性并探索人工智能支持教学和专业发展有效方式等方面的能力发展需求日益迫切。鉴于此,各国政府和教育机构应以基于教师教育教学权益的自主应用为宗旨,从以人为本的人工智能观念、人工智能伦理、人工智能基础知识和应用技能、人工智能与教学法整合、人工智能支持教师专业发展等层面界定教师的人工智能能力框架,以获取、深化、创造等能力水平为基准规划培训课程的目标、内容与方法,协助教师提升负责任地、有效和创新地应用人工智能所需的能力。

人地关系协调发展初探

本文通过对人类历史与自然地理环境的相互作用，相互影响，以及人地矛盾种种表现的阐述，提出人地关系协调论的重要性及协调人地关系中应遵循的规律。

生物陶瓷──人工髓关节及临床应用

二十一世纪是生物工程时代，基因重组技术、仿生学、人类生存环境学、医用生物材料学将是人们普遍关注的重要研究课题。而医用外科植入生物材料是生物工程的重要组成部分，人工关节生物陶瓷就是近年来迅速发展起来的医用外科植入材料。本文介绍了生物陶瓷的由来与发展概况，生物陶瓷的特点，医用外科对人工关节生物陶瓷的要求，以及我国对微晶陶瓷人工髋关节的临床应用情况。

跨世纪的地球问题

地球问题是指在地球表层系统中存在的一系列阻碍或破坏人类生存与发展，并得到全球社会普遍关注的事件与现象。本文探讨了跨世纪地球问题的确认条件、具体表现以及科学预言在确认地球问题中的作用。

Intelligent method to develop constitutive relationship of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy

The isothermal compression tests were carried out in the Thermecmastor-Z thermo-simulator at temperatures of 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 ℃ and the strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 s-1. The influence of deformation temperature and strain rate on the flow stress of Ti-6Al-2Zr-IMo-IV alloy was studied. Based on the experimental data sets, the high temperature deformation behavior of Ti-6A1-2Zr-IMo-IV alloy was presented using the intelligent method of artificial neural network （ANN）. The results indicate that the predicted flow stress values by ANN model is quite consistent with the experimental results, which implies that the artificial neural network is an effective tool for studying the hot deformation behavior of the present alloy. In addition, the development of graphical user interface is implemented using Visual Basic programming language.

修复患者“人体机器”上受损的“轴承”——“下半生疾病”骨关节炎另种治疗方式——访北京人民医院院长、国内首家骨科关节病诊疗研究中心主任吕厚山教授

著名骨科专家、北京人民医院院长吕厚山教授,这位上个世纪八十年代初从美国进修两年后归国的关节病专家,在成立了国内第一个关节病中心后的10年中,在人工关节尤其是膝关节置换的领域里,带领该中心发展成为卫生部重点学科。

Establishment of constitutive relationship model for 2519 aluminum alloy based on BP artificial neural network

An isothermal compressive experiment using Gleeble 1500 thermal simulator was studied to acquire flow stress at different deformation temperatures, strains and strain rates. The artificial neural networks with the error back propagation(BP) algorithm was used to establish constitutive model of 2519 aluminum alloy based on the experiment data. The model results show that the systematical error is small(δ=3.3%) when the value of objective function is 0.2, the number of nodes in the hidden layer is 5 and the learning rate is 0.1. Flow stresses of the material under various thermodynamic conditions are predicted by the neural network model, and the predicted results correspond with the experimental results. A knowledge-based constitutive relation model is developed.

Causation mechanism of coal miners' human errors in the perspective of life events

In order to effectively decrease the safety accidents caused by coal miners’human errors,this paper probes into the causality between human errors and life events,coping,psychological stress,psychological function,physiological function based on life events’vital influence on human errors,establishing causation mechanism model of coal miners’human errors in the perspective of life events by the researching method of structural equation.The research findings show that life events have significantly positive influence on human errors,with a influential effect value of 0.7945 and a influential effect path of‘‘life events—psychological stress—psychological function—physiological function—human errors’’and‘‘life events—psychological stress—physiological function—human errors’’.

Rainfall,Landslide and Debris Flow Intergrowth Relationship in Jiangjia Ravine

Jiangjia Ravine is a world-famous debris flow valley in Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,China.Every year large numbers of landslides and collapses happened and caused enormous damages to people's properties and lives.With longtime observation and testing in Jiangjia Ravine we had found out one kind of special landslide which had the characteristics of landslide and collapse.Landslide and collapse supplied sufficient materials for debris flow.When a debris flow broke out,some kind of intergrowth existed among rainfall,landslide and debris flow.In order to study the intergrowth and some key parameters,we carried out artificial rainfall landslide tests and model experiments to observe the phenomena such as collapse,surface slide and surface flow.By observing the experimental phenomena and monitoring water contents,the transformation process among landslide deposits and debris flow under the condition of rainfall had been analyzed.Research results revealed the relationship of this kind of intergrowth among rainfall,landslide and debris flow in Jiangjia Ravine.Meanwhile,it was found that this kind of intergrowth relationship existed only when the moisture content was in a certain range.That is,the critical state seemed to be existed in the transformation process.

Research on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Harmony in Human Relations among New Female Generation

In the area of knowledge economy, the new generation of cmployccs is becoming the main force in the talent market. And the new female generation has more distinctive features as a special group. How to effectively manage the new generation employees and have them work weU has been the urgent problem that the manager should be solved. Based on previous studies, the thesis discusses the related factors that would affect the new female generation employee＇ s wok satisfaction with related research method. So that to make contributions to the permanent performance of enterprise.

A Study on the Constraints and the Solutions in Silver Sport Industry

The purpose of this study is to investigate the constraints that the workers in silver sport industry experience and the solutions. In this study, six workers in silver sport industry participating in the elderly job fair held in Ilsan in 2016 were selected as subjects and interviewed in depth. The sports equipment that the six subjects exhibited and their sales and PR （Public Relations） behaviors during the fair were observed, and they were interviewed about the current status of the sports goods industry, constraints as workers, and solutions to resolve the constraints. A senior sports goods developer analyzed sports goods development and PR process through a case study. The result of this study is as follows. The constraints of silver sport industry environment are constraints on investment and lack of research and development, legal and institutional constraints, and economic constraints. The constraints of the silver sport goods industrial field are anxiety for the production of unproven high-cost goods, constraints on unstable institutions, and constraints from the difficulties in collaboration. The solutions of such problems are as follows. First, it is needed to resolve the high production cost. Second, it is need to resolve the difficulties in delivery. Third, it is needed to resolve the difficulties in communication in the development stage

试析机械电子工程的发展与人工智能的关系

随着科学技术水平的不断提高,智能控制工程也得到了较快 的发展,其在机械电子工程中的广泛应用将会进一步推动机电一体化的 发展,这有利于提高机械电子工程产品的技术含量,提升相关工程实践 的智能化管理水平,更好地满足生产实践活动的多样化需求。因此,相 关工程人员应重视智能控制工程在机械电子工程中的应用。

Analysis of the Approach on Usability and Ergonomics in Handling and Transporting Packaging

The purpose of this research is to explore the principle of the man-object relationship to identify the issues shown when handling packaging and emphasizing the usability aspect. For that, the theoretical reference of the research involves the analysis of the parameters according to the aspects that involve the use interactions of packaging in agreement with the definition and scientific concepts of ergonomics, allied to the development of product projects, discussing forms, handling, load transportation and the support of the product. Therefore, improperly handling of the packaging may cause damages to the products and even potential accidents. Coding and decoding are significant to facilitate the use recognition within the individual＇s repertoire. The packaging, within the macro-ergonomics universe, may be the object of ergonomics, whose contribution to solve problems is related to labor activities, by dealing with packaging, transportation and load resulting from the man-object interaction. The incorrect identification of information may lead to problems of interpretation and misuse, from the handling to the disposal of packaging. For this reason, this research suggests the adjustment of the man-object interface which may lead users to make mistakes regarding use and important choices, through adequate handling actions.

Motivation Factors： Impact on Sales Commission Plan Employees in a Telecommunication Company in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to uncover factors of motivation among account executives in a telecommunication company after the improvement of sales commission plan program in year 2014. Factors of motivation, such as monetary reward, recognition, affiliation, job security, and work environment that influence account executives motivation have been highlighted. Quantitative method was used in this study with the help of questionnaire data collection. The questionnaires were distributed among one of the telecommunication company account executives. The study found that there are significant differences in motivation level between gender, age, year of service, salary, and workplace of account executives. Monetary reward, job security, and work environment were found as the significant drivers to motivate account executives. The study also found that improvement on public recognition and affiliation factors failed to bring positive impact towards account executives motivation. Consistently, the findings can conclude that there is a relationship between account executives and sales commission plan that can lead to increase in motivation. Despite the positive result, the study can suggest the company to improve its bottom-line where sales commission plan program needs further revision in accordance with account executives factors of motivation.

Interspecific relationship of artificial forests on upper reach of Minjiang river of China

Long-term growth of artificial pure forest will lead to continuous planting obstacle. The best solution is to form mixed forest through introducing other regenerated tree species. In order to direct the option of mixed tree species and ratios on upper reach of Minjiang river, sltu incubations of soil mixture of depth O-lOcm （humus soil of coniferous with deciduous tbrest, in this way to model mixed-forest） of typical forests of Cercidiphyllum japonicum（L）, Betula utilis（H）, Pinus yunnansinsis（M） and Picea asperata（Y） were carried out and the interspecific relationships were studied through analyzing the influences of soil mixing on the biochemical characteristics of soil and Jitter decomposition. The results can be concluded as following： （1） In forestlands of C.japonicum, P.yunnansinsis amt P.asperata, enzyme activities of urease, invertase and catalase of soil were intensified after soil mixing. Whereas, in forestland of B.utilis, all the three enzyme activities of soil were decreased after mixing with soil of P.yunnansinsis, but after mixing with soil of P.asperata, enzyme activities of urease and catalase were intensified and enzyme activity of invertase was decreased （2） Litter decomposition were popularly advanced after soil mixing. In forestlands of C.japonieum, P.yunnansinsis, the contents of organic-C and total N in soil were increased after soil mixing. Whereas, in forestland of B.utilis and P.asperata, the contents of N in soil were increased while organic-C decreased after soil mixing. （3） The acidities or alkalinity of soil were neutralized and further intensified after soil mixing, which means that soil of deciduous forest develops toward acidity while soil of coniferous forest develops toward to alkalinity. （4） Mixed ratios of LM0.15-0.50 and LY0.15-0.35 in forestland of C.japonicum, HM0.15 and HY0.15-0.50 in forestland of B.utilis, MI.,0.15-0.50 and MH0.35-0.50 in forest/and of P.yunnansinsis, YL0.35-0.50 and YH0.35 in forestland of P.asperata are betterchoice for soil mixing relatively, which can be taken as reference in decision of introducing regenerated tree species and ratio of mixed forest in practice.

Intimate Partner Violence in Papua New Guinea

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, consequences and preventive measures oflPV （intimate partner violence） within the selected population in Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Questions derived from the prevalidated scales were used to measure the IPV. Questionnaires were distributed to both men and women aged from 18 to 60. The participants were staff and students of University of Goroka, staff of the Goroka Secondary school and North Goroka Primary school, Teachers in-charges of the elementary schools in the Eastern Highlands Province and the villagers from Asaroufa and Kotuni villages. Of the 95 respondents, 78.95% were victims of IPV. Among the victims 37.33% were males and 62.67% females. The physical, sexual and psychological abuses were experienced by both men and women. The significant risk factors found to be associated with violence were young age, low education, low socioeconomic status, marital conflicts, history of abuse during childhood, and male patriarchal values. The interpersonal relationship tends to be an important factor for prevailing violence free environment within the intimate partners. Intimate partner violence is prevalent in PNG. The strongest independent predictors were the excessive drinking of alcohol and marital conflict. Preventive measures such as compulsory and free technical education for all children less than 14 years old and life skills training and violence awareness campaign for both men and women must be provided to reduce the intimate partner violence.

Estimation of half-wave potential of anabolic androgenic steroids by means of QSER Approach

The quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR) of anabolic androgenic steroids was studied on the half-wave reduction potential(E1/2) using quantum and physico-chemical molecular descriptors. The descriptors were calculated by semi-empirical calculations. Models were established using partial least square(PLS) regression and back-propagation artificial neural network(BP-ANN). The QSPR results indicate that the descriptors of these derivatives have significant relationship with half-wave reduction potential. The stability and prediction ability of these models were validated using leave-one-out cross-validation and external test set.

Research to the existing problem of the FOXCONN＇ human resource management

In the 21st century, human resources will be the key to win in the war of business. Therefore, to manage and develop the effective and reasonable human resources, and maximize the potential of corporate human resources is very important to the achievement of corporate goals. This article is in-depth analysis about FOXCONN＇ human resource management problems of management philosophy, work pressure, cross-cultural conflicts, labor relations. IfFOXCONN want to achieve sustainable development, it must change the current purely export-oriented foundry mode, and promote people-oriented. It also should take cultural integrate and manage personnel measures to effectively manage cultural, and take effective measures to improve labor relations.

繁荣人工智能法学助力人工智能法律法规体系建设

人工智能法学的繁荣是打造人工智能法学学术共同体、指导和研究人工智能法学研究与教学的必然要求。人工智能法学学科建设须从统一学科名称、厘清学科内涵、提升学科地位、完善学科体系等方面繁荣人工智能法学,助力我国人工智能法律法规体系建设。