Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding r...Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance.展开更多
Although stone palettes from the Naqada culture are well known, research has been focused mostly on those palettes which are richly decorated. However, streaks and fragments of individual signs are also often found on...Although stone palettes from the Naqada culture are well known, research has been focused mostly on those palettes which are richly decorated. However, streaks and fragments of individual signs are also often found on simple palettes of various shapes. This study shows that the majority of these palettes have quite a number of marks and sign fragments that have been made by different techniques and over a long period of time. This particularly applies to rhomboidal palettes, for most of which there are no ground to infer that they have been used for ritual purposes or for mixing beauty care compositions. It is more likely that they denote an early form of the visual symbol in later periods represented by the head of Ptah＇s staff.展开更多
South Africa is a country of many cultures. Before the first democratic elections in 1994, people of different cultures found it difficult to interact because of legislated racial segregation, which made it difficult ...South Africa is a country of many cultures. Before the first democratic elections in 1994, people of different cultures found it difficult to interact because of legislated racial segregation, which made it difficult for blacks to mix with whites in almost all spheres of life. The only place interaction could take place was in the workplace. As a result, children from different cultural groups had few opportunities to interact. This made it impossible for South African children to learn about the cultures of other racial groups. With the introduction of a democratic government, all segregation laws were relaxed and people mixed freely in all spheres of life. Intercultural communication became commonplace. This new scenario presented a challenge to many South African children, but despite the limits imposed before 1994, children from all racial groups associated successfully. Their ability to cope with this situation with so much more ease than adults was remarkable. This paper seeks to highlight the communication skills used by South African children from all cultural backgrounds to achieve intercultural competence in a relatively short space of time. The paper will further reflect on the impact made on African children by intercultural interaction and competence.展开更多
Participation, support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative. Indonesia, a major ASEAN economy, is crucial but Indonesia has a limit...Participation, support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative. Indonesia, a major ASEAN economy, is crucial but Indonesia has a limited perception of the B&R initiative. Although its government welcomes it and the ruling coalition cooperates positively, parts of the military and opposition are skeptical of China's intent. The B&R initiative is well-received among the Indonesian Chinese group, while Indonesian academic circles remain cautious and somewhat critical. From a Chinese viewpoint, easing negative or hostile emotions appropriately would be well-timed. China should settle the Natuna issue, adjust its publicity in Indonesia, use diplomacy, and promote Sino-Indonesia cultural exchange and communications. Chinese enterprises should focus on project quality and uphold social responsibilities. Short-term goals are reducing Indonesia's opposition and obstruction of B&R, while long-term goals are enhancing the recognition and likeability of the Initiative's worthwhile plans.展开更多
Equity theory was proposed by John.Stacey.Adams. Under the background in China, nor matter the staff in state owned enterprises with better pay or the compliant workers feel unfair remuneration. Is the unfairness obje...Equity theory was proposed by John.Stacey.Adams. Under the background in China, nor matter the staff in state owned enterprises with better pay or the compliant workers feel unfair remuneration. Is the unfairness objective reality or caused by special cultural environment in China？ The paper deeply observes the inapplicability of equity theory in China and reaction of it on productivity.展开更多
Judging by the general pattern of human civilization, ecological civilization is not a simple negation of industrial civilization. Given China＇s unique national conditions and uneven process of industrialization, it ...Judging by the general pattern of human civilization, ecological civilization is not a simple negation of industrial civilization. Given China＇s unique national conditions and uneven process of industrialization, it is inappropriate to separate eeological civilization from industrial civilization. Instead, government should identify the common ground between industrial civilization and ecological civilization, fully utilize material wealth, technology means and organizational system of industrial civilization of the world, leave the freedom of imagination and practices for creating the new-type industrial civilization to businesses and the public, continuously strengthen the material foundation of China＇s ecological civilization, with a view to supporting the development of ecological civilization with high-quality real economy and achieving the integrated development of industrial civilization and ecological civilization while expediting the new-type industrialization and delivering the benefits of industrialization to 1.3 billion Chinese people.展开更多
In this paper, a number of basic differences in the contemporary accounting research are explored： （1） American versus European research perspectives; （2） mathematically-based versus non-mathematically-based rese...In this paper, a number of basic differences in the contemporary accounting research are explored： （1） American versus European research perspectives; （2） mathematically-based versus non-mathematically-based research approaches; （3） positive versus naturalistic methodologies; （4） objectivist versus subjectivist assumptions concerning the accounting craft; and （5） functionalist versus interpretive paradigms on the accounting theory. In this paper, the accounting literature is discerned from its methodological characteristics combined with some basic metaphors of accounting （e.g., accounting as the economic goods, the political output, the social process, or the cultural product）. Facing these differences, a synthetic view is called for to recognize the unique strengths of different perspectives. It is believed that different perspectives can enrich themselves by learning from each other. The synthetic view can then enhance the overall quality of the accounting research. Facing the wide-ranging needs of the contemporary accounting research, the important strategy is to match research methods/perspectives with research questions/purposes.展开更多
Engineering education is an important issue in engineering practice, and engineering practice and characteristics can be seen through examining the history of early Chinese engineering education. During the period ran...Engineering education is an important issue in engineering practice, and engineering practice and characteristics can be seen through examining the history of early Chinese engineering education. During the period ranging from the 1860s to the middle of the 1890s, the westernization group set up a series of modern industrial and mining enterprises for military and civil use, making the implementation of modern engineering education become possible and necessary. Thanks to their efforts, many schools and old-style private schools for teaching knowledge about western science and technology and training senior engineering managements and talents were gradually founded in China. These modern education organizations are the source and beginning of Chinese engineering education, which is also the origin of modernization of Chinese engineering education. This article takes Fuzhou Shipping School for case studies, using a cultural anthropology approach to examine the overall status, basic characteristics, and impact evaluation of engineering education during the Westernization Movement in China. It reiterates the idea of that ＂engineering education should be returned to engineering practice,＂ and tries to explain the framework of the development of engineering education in China. Through conducting research, we find that the development of engineering education in modem China generally has the basic resources for realization of internationalization through ＂westernization＂ and localization through traditional culture and education and the general characteristics of diversification of social influence. During the development process, it has accumulated valuable experience for timely reform and gradual improvement of modernization： attaching importance to culture and cultivating qualified technical personnel; strictly requiring and building high-level schools and specialties; learning the advanced knowledge and bravely utilizing foreign educational resources; setting pragmatic and highly pertinent disciplines and specialties. It also left the society with thought-provoking lessons, namely, the lagging industrial production and social instability made the development severely restricted and obstructed; the unreasonable development layout resulted in the intensified imbalanced development in different regions; the bureaucracy nature imposed serious impact on efficiency and effectiveness of education; the negligence of innovation made the great-leap-forward development failed, etc.展开更多
In a recent historical process of economic stabilization and of social policies focused on the disadvantaged, major changes in the composition of the Brazilian social pyramid are happening. Driven by the increase of e...In a recent historical process of economic stabilization and of social policies focused on the disadvantaged, major changes in the composition of the Brazilian social pyramid are happening. Driven by the increase of employment and income, in conditions of low inflation and abundant credit, millions of Brazilians have increased in recent years their purchasing power and started to acquire their own home and car--gaudiest symbols of joining the middle class--as well as a wide range of consumer goods. It appears that this set of transformations profoundly altered the perceptions and strategies of social mobility. So this phenomenon is being called the shaping of the new Brazilian middle class. The fact is that there is a group growing, sustained mainly by a decrease in income inequality. In this study, we attempted to draw a clear overview and some disagreements about the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class. On the topic of the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class, one can say that it is not a completely true fact, and that there was actually an expansion of the income of families who still harbor extreme ties with the working classes and why not, popular classes. What to some scholars would be the emergence of a new working class, whose average income is approaching the middle income of what is considered as the lower middle class？展开更多
Knowledge workers are important human resources in service enterprises.How to cultivate the loyalty of knowledge workers in service enterprises is an important problem that managers must pay attention to.Beginning fro...Knowledge workers are important human resources in service enterprises.How to cultivate the loyalty of knowledge workers in service enterprises is an important problem that managers must pay attention to.Beginning from the defines of basic concepts, the author analyzes factors influencing loyalty of knowledge workers. Finally, it puts forward effective measures including building people-oriented corporate culture; loyalty oriented recruianent and allocation; emphasis on compensation management; establishing a scientific career management system; paying attention to emotional management and so on.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(No.2011BAD13B01)the Central Nonprofit Basic Scientific Research Project for the Scientific Research Institutes of China(No.East-2011M09)the Research Project Commissioned by the Shanghai Agricultural Commission(No.2007-4-1)
文摘Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance.
文摘Although stone palettes from the Naqada culture are well known, research has been focused mostly on those palettes which are richly decorated. However, streaks and fragments of individual signs are also often found on simple palettes of various shapes. This study shows that the majority of these palettes have quite a number of marks and sign fragments that have been made by different techniques and over a long period of time. This particularly applies to rhomboidal palettes, for most of which there are no ground to infer that they have been used for ritual purposes or for mixing beauty care compositions. It is more likely that they denote an early form of the visual symbol in later periods represented by the head of Ptah＇s staff.
文摘South Africa is a country of many cultures. Before the first democratic elections in 1994, people of different cultures found it difficult to interact because of legislated racial segregation, which made it difficult for blacks to mix with whites in almost all spheres of life. The only place interaction could take place was in the workplace. As a result, children from different cultural groups had few opportunities to interact. This made it impossible for South African children to learn about the cultures of other racial groups. With the introduction of a democratic government, all segregation laws were relaxed and people mixed freely in all spheres of life. Intercultural communication became commonplace. This new scenario presented a challenge to many South African children, but despite the limits imposed before 1994, children from all racial groups associated successfully. Their ability to cope with this situation with so much more ease than adults was remarkable. This paper seeks to highlight the communication skills used by South African children from all cultural backgrounds to achieve intercultural competence in a relatively short space of time. The paper will further reflect on the impact made on African children by intercultural interaction and competence.
文摘Participation, support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative. Indonesia, a major ASEAN economy, is crucial but Indonesia has a limited perception of the B&R initiative. Although its government welcomes it and the ruling coalition cooperates positively, parts of the military and opposition are skeptical of China's intent. The B&R initiative is well-received among the Indonesian Chinese group, while Indonesian academic circles remain cautious and somewhat critical. From a Chinese viewpoint, easing negative or hostile emotions appropriately would be well-timed. China should settle the Natuna issue, adjust its publicity in Indonesia, use diplomacy, and promote Sino-Indonesia cultural exchange and communications. Chinese enterprises should focus on project quality and uphold social responsibilities. Short-term goals are reducing Indonesia's opposition and obstruction of B&R, while long-term goals are enhancing the recognition and likeability of the Initiative's worthwhile plans.
文摘Equity theory was proposed by John.Stacey.Adams. Under the background in China, nor matter the staff in state owned enterprises with better pay or the compliant workers feel unfair remuneration. Is the unfairness objective reality or caused by special cultural environment in China？ The paper deeply observes the inapplicability of equity theory in China and reaction of it on productivity.
文摘Judging by the general pattern of human civilization, ecological civilization is not a simple negation of industrial civilization. Given China＇s unique national conditions and uneven process of industrialization, it is inappropriate to separate eeological civilization from industrial civilization. Instead, government should identify the common ground between industrial civilization and ecological civilization, fully utilize material wealth, technology means and organizational system of industrial civilization of the world, leave the freedom of imagination and practices for creating the new-type industrial civilization to businesses and the public, continuously strengthen the material foundation of China＇s ecological civilization, with a view to supporting the development of ecological civilization with high-quality real economy and achieving the integrated development of industrial civilization and ecological civilization while expediting the new-type industrialization and delivering the benefits of industrialization to 1.3 billion Chinese people.
文摘In this paper, a number of basic differences in the contemporary accounting research are explored： （1） American versus European research perspectives; （2） mathematically-based versus non-mathematically-based research approaches; （3） positive versus naturalistic methodologies; （4） objectivist versus subjectivist assumptions concerning the accounting craft; and （5） functionalist versus interpretive paradigms on the accounting theory. In this paper, the accounting literature is discerned from its methodological characteristics combined with some basic metaphors of accounting （e.g., accounting as the economic goods, the political output, the social process, or the cultural product）. Facing these differences, a synthetic view is called for to recognize the unique strengths of different perspectives. It is believed that different perspectives can enrich themselves by learning from each other. The synthetic view can then enhance the overall quality of the accounting research. Facing the wide-ranging needs of the contemporary accounting research, the important strategy is to match research methods/perspectives with research questions/purposes.
文摘Engineering education is an important issue in engineering practice, and engineering practice and characteristics can be seen through examining the history of early Chinese engineering education. During the period ranging from the 1860s to the middle of the 1890s, the westernization group set up a series of modern industrial and mining enterprises for military and civil use, making the implementation of modern engineering education become possible and necessary. Thanks to their efforts, many schools and old-style private schools for teaching knowledge about western science and technology and training senior engineering managements and talents were gradually founded in China. These modern education organizations are the source and beginning of Chinese engineering education, which is also the origin of modernization of Chinese engineering education. This article takes Fuzhou Shipping School for case studies, using a cultural anthropology approach to examine the overall status, basic characteristics, and impact evaluation of engineering education during the Westernization Movement in China. It reiterates the idea of that ＂engineering education should be returned to engineering practice,＂ and tries to explain the framework of the development of engineering education in China. Through conducting research, we find that the development of engineering education in modem China generally has the basic resources for realization of internationalization through ＂westernization＂ and localization through traditional culture and education and the general characteristics of diversification of social influence. During the development process, it has accumulated valuable experience for timely reform and gradual improvement of modernization： attaching importance to culture and cultivating qualified technical personnel; strictly requiring and building high-level schools and specialties; learning the advanced knowledge and bravely utilizing foreign educational resources; setting pragmatic and highly pertinent disciplines and specialties. It also left the society with thought-provoking lessons, namely, the lagging industrial production and social instability made the development severely restricted and obstructed; the unreasonable development layout resulted in the intensified imbalanced development in different regions; the bureaucracy nature imposed serious impact on efficiency and effectiveness of education; the negligence of innovation made the great-leap-forward development failed, etc.
文摘In a recent historical process of economic stabilization and of social policies focused on the disadvantaged, major changes in the composition of the Brazilian social pyramid are happening. Driven by the increase of employment and income, in conditions of low inflation and abundant credit, millions of Brazilians have increased in recent years their purchasing power and started to acquire their own home and car--gaudiest symbols of joining the middle class--as well as a wide range of consumer goods. It appears that this set of transformations profoundly altered the perceptions and strategies of social mobility. So this phenomenon is being called the shaping of the new Brazilian middle class. The fact is that there is a group growing, sustained mainly by a decrease in income inequality. In this study, we attempted to draw a clear overview and some disagreements about the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class. On the topic of the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class, one can say that it is not a completely true fact, and that there was actually an expansion of the income of families who still harbor extreme ties with the working classes and why not, popular classes. What to some scholars would be the emergence of a new working class, whose average income is approaching the middle income of what is considered as the lower middle class？
文摘Knowledge workers are important human resources in service enterprises.How to cultivate the loyalty of knowledge workers in service enterprises is an important problem that managers must pay attention to.Beginning from the defines of basic concepts, the author analyzes factors influencing loyalty of knowledge workers. Finally, it puts forward effective measures including building people-oriented corporate culture; loyalty oriented recruianent and allocation; emphasis on compensation management; establishing a scientific career management system; paying attention to emotional management and so on.
