人工料场的开挖及安全防护措施

结合宝泉抽水蓄能电站龟山石料场开挖施工,介绍了料场开挖施工方案和道路选择,以及相应的施工安全防护体系。

Is platinum-loaded titania the best material for dye-sensitized hydrogen evolution under visible light?

A dye-sensitized photocatalyst combining Pt-loaded TiO_(2) and Ru(Ⅱ)tris-diimine sensitizer(RuP)was constructed and its activity for photochemical hydrogen evolution was compared with that of Pt-intercalated HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10) nanosheets.When the sacrificial donor ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)disodium salt dihydrate was used,RuP/Pt/TiO_(2) showed higher activity than RuP/Pt/HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10).In contrast,when NaI(a reversible electron donor)was used,RuP/Pt/TiO_(2) showed little activity due to back electron transfer to the electron acceptor(I_(3)-),which was gener-ated as the oxidation product of I-.By modification with anionic polymers(sodium poly(styrenesulfonate)or sodium polymethacrylate)that could inhibit the scavenging of conduction band electrons by I_(3)-,the H_(2) production activity from aqueous NaI was improved,but it did not exceed that of RuP/Pt/HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10).Transient absorption measurements showed that the rate of semiconductor-to-dye back electron transfer was slower in the case of TiO_(2) than HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10),but the electron transfer reaction to I3-was much faster.These results indicate that Pt/TiO_(2) is useful for reactions with sacrificial reductants(e.g.,EDTA),where the back electron transfer reaction to the more reducible product can be neglected.However,more careful design of the catalyst will be nec-essary when a reversible electron donor is employed.

Screening of Deltamethrin Resistant Strain of Bombyx Mandarina

[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to explore the resistance development of deltamethrin through selection of dettamethrin resistant strain of wild silkworm （ Bombyx Mandarina）, thus providing the basis for scientific pesticide application and resistance management. [ Method] The wild silkworms collected from three different regions were reared indoors, and the sensitivity of their parents to deltamethrin was detected by topical application. The larvae in each generation were treated with deltamethdn in median lethal dose or so by.topical application. The mortality of larva was analyzed for the establishment of toxicity regression equations and the calculation of the multiple or increased multiple of deltamethdn resistance.[Result] After the Qidong Bornbyx Mandarina （YQD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethdn resistance of F, was 14.26, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Bombyx Mandarina from mulberry garden of Soochow University （YSD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of F4 was 16.48, 1.9 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Wujiang Bombyx Mandarina （YWJ） fed with artificial diets were selected for three generations indoors during six generations, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of Fe was 18.67, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo. [ Conclusioa] With the selection in same dose, the resistance multiple of YSD increases more rapidly than that of YQD; under double selection of artificial diets and insecticide, the resistance multiple of YWJ increases more slowly than that of YQD.

水电站工程砂石料场优化选择

砂石料场的规划选择是水电工程施工组织设计中的重要环节,料场选择受到多种条件的制约,影响因素很多。由于砂石料场选择条件复杂,工作量大,需要一个科学的选择料场的规划设计方法。运用系统分析方法对砂石料场进行优化选择。

印把子沟砂石加工系统全整形工艺设计研究

锦屏水电站料场岩性差,所生产骨料难以满足混凝土生产需求,需对其进行整形加工。重点阐述了印把子沟砂石加工系统的5段破碎、三级筛分整形工艺设计,分别从工艺流程、设备选型、系统布置三个方面介绍了人工骨料加工系统,汇总了砂石加工系统中各阶段所用加工设备的型号、处理能力、配置原则等。经工程实践检验,该系统较好地解决了变质砂岩骨料成品针片状含量高的问题,保证了锦屏电站大坝混凝土骨料供应,

Comparison of Protein Content among Non-diapause Pupae,Diapause Pupae and Eclosion-adult from Diapause Pupae of Papilio memnon

[ Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. further. [ Method] The colorimetry method was used to detect protein content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae at different developmental stages. [Result] It was showed that the protein content of non-diapause pupae was from 111.768 to 115.030 7 mg/g and the change of protein content during whole pupal stage, while diapause pupae were from 81.218 to 131.623 7 mg/g and the change of protein content was not big from last ten-day period of October to last ten-day pariod of November, however, the content increased from the last ten-day period of November. The protein content of emerging adult was 296.969 3 mg/g. [Conclusion] The change of protein content was related to Papilio memnon at different development stage.

Electricity generation during wastewater treatment by a microbial fuel cell coupled with constructed wetland

A membrane-less constructed wetland microbial fuel cell （CW-MFC） is constructed and operated under continuous flow with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 2 d. Fed with glucose, the CW-MFC generates a stable current density of over 2 A/m3 with a resistor of 1 kΩ and has a chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of more than 90% after the startup of 2 to 3 d. A series of systems with the electrode spacings of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm are compared. It is found that the container with the electrode spacing of 20 cm gains the highest voltage of 560 mV, the highest power density of 0. 149 W/m 3, and the highest Coulombic efficiency of 0.313%. It also has the highest COD removal efficiency of 94. 9%. In addition, the dissolved oxygen （DO） concentrations are observed as the lowest level in the middle of all the CW-MFC reactors. The results show that the more COD is removed, the greater power is generated, and the relatively higher Coulombic efficiency will be achieved. The present study indicates that the CW-MFC process can be used as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment with simultaneous power generation.

DEPTH PREDICTION OF RAIN WATER ON ROAD SURFACE BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

A model based on the non-linear artificial neural network （ANN） is established to predict the thickness of the water film on road surfaces. The weight and the threshold can be determined by training test data, and the water film thickness on the road surface can be accurately predicted by the empirical verification based on sample data. Results show that the proposed ANN model is feasible to predict the water film thickness of the road surface.

Determination of Weaning Regimes for Anguilla mormorata Glass Eels

[Objective] The aim was to find a suitable weaning regime, including weaning period and weaning feed, for Angui//a mormorata glass eels. [Method] A weaning processing experiment was conducted indoor in fiberglass tanks, two kinds of artificial feeds （eel grower powder feed and eel grower piece feed） were selected as weaning diets against a control group fed on natural food （minced octopus flesh）, two weaning periods, 5 and 15 d, were introduced in weaning experiment. [Result] The growth rate and survival rate of the groups with 15-day＇s weaning period were higher than that of the groups with 5-day＇s weaning period, revealing that a 20% increase every 3 d from 0% to 100% in the proportion of grower paste in the minced octopus flesh during weaning is suitable for A. mormorata glass eels. [Conclusion] A. mormorata glass eels can be weaned from natural food to the commer- cially available eel grower feeds over a certain weaning period, and of the artificial feeds with same ingredients and nutrient, A. mormorata glass eels accepted powder feed more readily over 28 d than piece feed.

Development of Artificial Diet for Erigonidium graminicolum(sundevall)

[Objective] This study was to find out the artificial diet formula for Erigoni- dium graminicolum （Sundevall） to realize its indoor artificial breeding. [Method] Using orthogonal decomposition method, the diet most suitable for the normal and quick growth of Erigonidium graminicolum （sundevall）, was developed by adding different species and different proportions of fresh insects to the artificial diet based on the formula of total nutrient solution proposed by Zhao Jing-zhao. [Result] The most suit- able formula for the development and growth of Erigonidium graminicolum （Sundevall） is 10 ml of egg white, 2 g of honey, 2 g of sucrose, 10 ml of water, 5 g of Ci- cadella viridis, moderate amount of cornmeal, compound vitamin B1 and vitamin C1. [Conclusion] The development of new type artificial diet can provide timely and nec- essary material premise for its large-scale indoor propagation.

Microbial Distribution in Constructed Wetland of Iris pseudacorus L.

[Objective] The aim was to explore the distributions of main microorganisms in constructed wetland of Iris pseudacorus L.and their function and position in wastewater treatment.[Method]Distributions of main microorganisms in the upstream vertical-flow constructed wetland of Iris pseudacorus was studied by training and observing 4 kinds of microorganisms.[Result]The total number of microorganisms on root surface in unit area was 15.32 times as many as that on filler surfacein,among them bacteria and actinomycete were 17.14 times and 19.84 times as many as those on filler surfacein,respectively.[Conclusion]The distributions of microorganisms are significantly different in different parts of wetland system,obviously on root surface.Bacteria are the main populations of biological wastewater treatment.

Dissolution Improvement of Cisapride by Solid Dispersion with HPMC

To prepare a solid dispersion of cisapride with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose(HPMC E5 LV) as carrier for the purpose of accelerating the in vitro drug release by means ofimproving the solubility of the model drug. Methods Alcohol and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) wereused to dissolve cisapride and HPMC in order to make the model drug dispersed homogeneously in thecarrier. The HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion was then obtained by conventional solvent evaporationmethod. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the diffraction peaks of pure carrier,pure cisapride, physical mixture of HPMC with cisapride (4:1), and HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion(4:1) to confirm the crystal existence. The solubility of pure drug and HPMC-cisapride soliddispersion was measured with water, SGF and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) . The in vitro drugreleases of the sustained release tablet prepared with pure cisapride or HPMC-cisapride soliddispersion were investigated with water and SGF as media, respectively. Results No diffraction peakswere found by X-ray diffraction in the HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion (4:1), indicating that thedrug existed in an amorphous form at that drug-carrier ratio. Compared with the pure drug, thesolubilities of HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion are increased by 239.4% in SGF, 132.6% in water, and117.9% in SIF. According to the in vitro drug release, the sustained release tablet prepared withHPMC-cisapride solid dispersion had a faster drug release than did that prepared with pure drug. Thein vitro drug release profiles were found to comply with Higuchi's rule. Conclusion The in vitrodrug release of the sustained release tablet made by HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion is improvedowing to the increased drug solubility.

The Preliminary Study on Artificial Propagation and Fry Rearing of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

[Objective] The aim was to seek the optimal choice of hormones,induced temperature,and initial feed for cultivating loach.[Method] Different hormones were injected to Ioaches for artificial reproduction in water at different temperatures.During cultivation,varied initial feeds were put in to explore the optimal choice of hormones,temperature and initial feed.[Result] According to the test,fecundity of female loach is directly proportional to gonad maturity,namely,the higher gonad maturity,the more fecundity.For example,for a female loach whose maturity coefficient was 24％,absolute and relative fecundity rates were 62 142 and 990.In contrast,for a female whose maturity coefficient was 9％,the rates were 18 207 and 367,respectively.The induced effect differs upon hormones and the test demonstrated that LRH-A2 is better in improving fertility rate compared with HCG.For example,the fertility rate in the group with HCG was 78.84 and in the group with LRH-A2 was 83.04％.It is notable that the mixture of the two at a certain ratio would enhance induced effect and the fertility rate can be as high as 89.17％.With temperature in a certain range,the higher temperature,the better induced effect.The test indicated that water temperature at （30±0.5） ℃ is an optimal one and the effect horizon is 6-8 h.In group 4,induced rate was 93.33％ and the fertility rate was 89.26％.The research indicated that the survival rate was the highest if wheel animalcule,dominated by Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus angularis,was taken as an initial feed,followed by artemia nauplii and corpuscule.In addition,loach fry in the group with yolk and wheel animalcule grew about 1.21 times than the group with only yolk,1.04 times than the group with only fairy shrimp,and 1.1 times than the group with fairy shrimp.[Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for scale loach farming.

Selection of diet for culture of juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus

Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance.

Design and Research on Artificial Rumen Continuous Culture System

[Objective] The paper was to study the dynamic changes of forage nutrient substance fermentation in rumen, and a set of continuous culture system of artificial rumen was designed. [Method] With in vivo as control, the simulating rumen fer- mentation effect in vitro culture system was evaluated. [Result] The simulation rumen fermentation test needed adaptive phase of 2-3 d, and the fermentation state was relatively stable within 3-9 d, with good effects. The test showed certain regularity variation with index value of rumen in vivo. [Conclusion] The continuous culture sys- tem of artificial rumen could be used as the ideal model to study the rumen fermen- tation in vivo.

BIOACTIVITY OF BIORESORBABLE OSTEOSYNTHETIC DEVICES MADE OF HYDROXYAPATITE/ POLY-DL-LACTIDE COMPOSITES: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Aim. To investigate the bioactivity of the self- designed biodegradable osteosynthetic devices made of resorbable hydroxyapatite microparticles/ poly- DL- lactide (HA/PDLLA) composites. Method. Forty- three rabbits with a transverse transcondylar osteotomy of the distal femur were fixed intramedullary by a HA/PDLLA rod, the duration of follow- up were 3， 6， 12, 24 and 36 weeks. Histological, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy dispersive X- ray (EDX) and biomechanical analyses were done. Results. Active new bone formation and direct bone- bonding were seen at the bone- implant interface. Generous apatite crystals deposited and grew on the surface of the composites at 3～ 6 weeks postoperation. The interfacial shear strength increased significantly. Conclusion. Through the incorporating of resorbable HA microparticles, specific bone- bonding and active osteogenic capacity is introduced. This kind of bioactivity, together with other properties such as sufficient mechanical strength, enhanced biocompatibility and radiopacity, which are intrinsically unobtainable in totally resorbable polymer/polymer systems, make the HA/PDLLA composites become a desirable material for the internal fixation of cancellous bone.

Visible‐light‐driven nonsacrificial hydrogen evolution by modified carbon nitride photocatalysts

Pt‐loaded graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is known to be a good photocatalyst for H_(2) evolution under visible light.In most cases,however,sacrificial electron donors such as triethanolamine are required for the water‐splitting operation,and nonsacrificial H_(2) evolution by g‐C_(3)N_(4) remains a challenge.In this work,we investigated the photocatalytic activities of carbon nitride nanosheet(NS‐C_(3)N_(4)),which was prepared by thermal treatment of urea,for nonsacrificial H_(2) evolution using reversible electron donors under visible light(λ>400 nm).Whereas Pt‐loaded NS‐C_(3)N_(4) did not produce H_(2) from aqueous solutions containing I−,Fe^(2+),or[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4−),modification of the Pt/NS‐C_(3)N_(4) photocatalyst with CrO_(x) led to observable H_(2) evolution.Transmission electron microscopy observations and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic analysis suggested that a Pt‐core/CrO_(x)‐shell structure was formed on the NS‐C_(3)N_(4).The CrO_(x)/Pt/NS‐C_(3)N_(4) served as a H_(2)‐evolution photocatalyst for visible‐light‐driven Z‐scheme overall water splitting,in combination with a modified WO_(3) photocatalyst,in the presence of a[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3−/4−)redox mediator.

Optimizing process of preparing artificial-similar material for rocky slope with uniform formula design

The determination of material formula needs try-and-error experiment,and consumes large amount of time and fund.In order to solve the problem,a comprehensive method is established,via the experiment of artificial-similar material formula of a mine slope.We controlled the samples by the compactness,and arranged the formula of the test group with the method of the uniform formula experiment.The physical and mechanical parameters of these samples were analyzed using the method of the partial least-squares regression(PLS).And a mathematical model of the indexes of physical and mechanics parameters relating to the factors of formulation constituents was established eventually.We used the model to analyze the effect of each formulation constituent on physical and mechanics parameters of samples.The experiment results and analysis illustrates that1)in the formulation of similar material,the effect of raw materials on the internal friction angleφand cohesion C is opposite;2)The method can highly facilitate the process of the of preparing artificial-similar materials,more economic and effective.

Preparation Technology of Ginseng Walnut Composite Milk Beverage

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop a new kind of ginseng walnut composite milk beverage. [Method] The flavor and emulsifier and stabilizer in ginseng walnut milk beverage were investigated by sensory evaluation and stability test. [Result] The amounts of ginseng extract, sucrose, complex emulsifier, sodium caseinate and carrageenan stabilizer added in the beverage were 20%, 6%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.1%, respectively. The complex emulsifier consisted of monoglyceride and sucrose fatty acid ester with a ratio of 1：2. The ginseng walnut milk prepared according to this process tastes fine and smooth with unique ginseng flavor, as well as good stability. [Conclusion] This study could provide good reference for develop- ment and production of ginseng walnut composite milk beverage.

Experimental replacement of thoracic esophageal segment with a biomaterial artificial esophagus in dogs

Objective：To implant 80 mm-long artificial esophagi constructed of biomaterial in dogs, observe the perioperative survival rates and the incidence of postoperative complications, and study the mechanisms of postoperative healing. Methods： Specimens of the implanted esophagus, the ＂neo-esophagi＂, were taken for histopathologic study 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after operation. Results： The incidence of anastomotic leakage after the artificial esophagus implantation was 3.33%. The perioperative survival rate was 96.67%. The incidence of postoperative stenosis in the ＂neo-esophagi＂ was 81.48%; the stenoses were treated by expanding with esophagoscopy and implanting a stent. Epithelization of the mucosa in the ＂neo-esophagi＂ was completed in 3 to 6 months after surgery Structures such as submucosal muscle layers, mucous glands, nerve fibers, capillaries, etc. were regenerated after 12 months, and then reconstruction of the fibrous connective tissue layer was completed. Conclusion： Implanting a biomaterial artificial esophagus accomplishes safe reconstruction of defects in the esophagus. Advanced cellular structure of ＂neo-esophagus＂ can be regenerated after 1 year. Postoperative stenosis, which is related to hyperplasia and retraction of scar tissue, is still the most common complications which limiting the clinical application of the artificial esophagus.