智能时代教师新兴技术疏离感及其纾解--基于机体哲学的视角

教师在享受以人工智能技术为代表的新兴技术“红利”之时,也在承受一些精神之痛。其中,教师正在遭受人工智能等新兴技术所带来的疏离感之苦便是具体表征之一。概括而言,智能时代教师新兴技术疏离感,可归纳为教师对新兴技术的无力感、教师对新兴技术的焦虑感和教师因新兴技术而产生的自我疏离感三个方面。机体哲学认为人类社会是人工机体、社会机体、精神机体和生命机体的耦合体,四者是相互促进和制约的关系。基于机体哲学的视角,审视智能时代教师新兴技术疏离感生成的缘由,发现有三点:一是社会机体发展滞后于人工机体发展速度;二是人工机体对教师精神机体产生遮蔽效应;三是社会机体对教师精神机体和生命机体发生抑制作用。为有效纾解这一问题,需要着重做好三个方面:完善社会机体机制,增强社会机体与人工机体交互的契合性;彰显教师精神机体的价值和力量,探寻教师精神机体与人工机体的内在耦合点;优化社会机体机能,通过社会机体的“功能”“权利”“责任”等要素来激发教师精神机体和生命机体的生机与活力。

机体哲学视野中的人工物研究

从机体哲学角度来看,人工物的发明、生产和演化都带有一定程度的机体特性,这是人类在实践活动中将自身的机体特性不断赋予自然物的结果。人工物与人类的生理机体有相互冲突的一面,又有相互适应以至相互嵌入的一面。人工物的机体特性对人类的社会生活和精神生活也有深刻的影响。从机体哲学角度分析人工物的机体特性,有助于协调人工物发展与人类社会生活之间的关系,消除人工物发展中的"异化"现象。

Recent Researches of Bioactive Metabolites in Marine Organisms-associated Microorganisms

Recent researches have shown that some compounds isolated from marine organisms have striking structural similarities with the metabolites from known microorganisms. It is inferred from the researches that the symbiotic or associated marine microorganisms may be the true sources of those compounds or at least involved in the biosynthesizing process. This view has been further evidenced by the researches for many sponges and sponge-associated microorganisms. Importantly, growing evidence has highlighted that the symbiotic or associated marine microorganisms live in the microenvironment within the hosts, and they also produce secondary metabolites which are new and original in structure and unique in activity. All these suggest that the microorganisms associated with marine organisms are the sources with very high potential to be new natural bioactive agents. This article reviews briefly the research advances in the study of new bioactive metabolites from marine organisms-associated microorganisms since 2000.

Multi-agent reinforcement learning with cooperation based on eligibility traces

The application of reinforcement learning is widely used by multi-agent systems in recent years. An agent uses a multi-agent system to cooperate with other agents to accomplish the given task, and one agent′s behavior usually affects the others′ behaviors. In traditional reinforcement learning, one agent takes the others location, so it is difficult to consider the others′ behavior, which decreases the learning efficiency. This paper proposes multi-agent reinforcement learning with cooperation based on eligibility traces, i.e. one agent estimates the other agent′s behavior with the other agent′s eligibility traces. The results of this simulation prove the validity of the proposed learning method.

The Building of Education Management System based on Web 2.0

The design and development Web 2.0-based education management system will satisfy with the school education management of informationization, scientific and modernized request, the auxiliary education superintendent carries on the correct decision-making, enhance the education management working efficiency. This system has used the quite mature development technology at present, the function of realizes is more perfect, usable; The man-machine interaction is friendly and operate easily. Its application, enhanced the administrator and teacher＇s working efficiency greatly, reduces the working strength, simultaneously has also provided the better education condition for the student. With the rapid development of network,, education management system will be more widespread in the education of education application, it will create a new situation of the education management, bring a brighter prospect of the application.

Analysis of the Approach on Usability and Ergonomics in Handling and Transporting Packaging

The purpose of this research is to explore the principle of the man-object relationship to identify the issues shown when handling packaging and emphasizing the usability aspect. For that, the theoretical reference of the research involves the analysis of the parameters according to the aspects that involve the use interactions of packaging in agreement with the definition and scientific concepts of ergonomics, allied to the development of product projects, discussing forms, handling, load transportation and the support of the product. Therefore, improperly handling of the packaging may cause damages to the products and even potential accidents. Coding and decoding are significant to facilitate the use recognition within the individual＇s repertoire. The packaging, within the macro-ergonomics universe, may be the object of ergonomics, whose contribution to solve problems is related to labor activities, by dealing with packaging, transportation and load resulting from the man-object interaction. The incorrect identification of information may lead to problems of interpretation and misuse, from the handling to the disposal of packaging. For this reason, this research suggests the adjustment of the man-object interface which may lead users to make mistakes regarding use and important choices, through adequate handling actions.

Spacial Distribution Characteristics, Activity and Degradation Capability of the Biofilm in Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetland

The spacial distribution characteristics, activity and degradation capability of the biofilm in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland were investigated. Results showed that the biofilm widely distributed in the substrate of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland and mainly in the 0-10 cm top layer where the activity ofdehydrogenase of the biofilm was also higher than that of other layers. The water quality could also affect the activity of the biofilm, for the TF（1,3,5-Triphenylformazan） amount reduced by the biofim incubated in water of the higher eutrophication was larger, too. The PCP （pentachlorophenol） removal rate by the substrate with biofilm was 1.5 times that without biofilm. In total, the biofilm of the down-flow chamber appeared larger biomass, higher dehydrogenase activity and stronger degradation capability of organic contamination than that in up-flow chamber and it was the major place for removal of the organic matters in waste water.

Development and Improvement of the Regulation Sieve Svstem Harvester

Due to high competition of the agriculture machines sector, the auto parts suppliers are investing in research to promote the development and reduce the costs of the products, passing these results to their clients who are the automakers. It was identified the need to redesign the regulation sieve system harvester, which is a compound assembly in the harvester＇s grain cleaning system, with the objective to reduce the costs and improve the ergonomic aspect, keeping the same efficiency from the original project. The improvement was developed by studying the original design and identifying possible project fails, such as components and manufacturing process which could be eliminated. For this, it was needed to do a research about rules and project considerations that must be applied in the products development and ergonomic too, specifically about geometric forms and anthropometric measures. From the redesign of this system, it is verified that it is possible by a study to identify possible improvements, and to develop a new system by a simple project, improving the ergonomic, reducing the cost and keeping the same efficacy from the original project.

Prediction of shelled shrimp weight by machine vision

The weight of shelled shrimp is an important parameter for grading process.The weight prediction of shelled shrimp by contour area is not accurate enough because of the ignorance of the shrimp thickness.In this paper,a multivariate prediction model containing area,perimeter,length,and width was established.A new calibration algorithm for extracting length of shelled shrimp was proposed,which contains binary image thinning,branch recognition and elimination,and length reconstruction,while its width was calculated during the process of length extracting.The model was further validated with another set of images from 30 shelled shrimps.For a comparison purpose,artificial neural network(ANN) was used for the shrimp weight predication.The ANN model resulted in a better prediction accuracy(with the average relative error at 2.67%),but took a tenfold increase in calculation time compared with the weight-area-perimeter(WAP) model(with the average relative error at 3.02%).We thus conclude that the WAP model is a better method for the prediction of the weight of shelled red shrimp.