三峡大学校园人工种植植物调查与分析

经过近2年的实地调查、分类统计,三峡大学校园内人工种植植物共计155种或变种,隶属76科,130属。本文对三峡大学校园人工种植植物的组成和观赏特性进行了分析,并根据植物配置提出了一些建议。

植物在城市生活污水人工土快滤处理床的作用

采用人工土柱植物种植方法,研究了两种植物(水葫芦、万寿菊)在人工土快滤-植物复合床上对城市生活污水的处理作用。6个月的运行结果表明,种植植物后的人工土快滤系统对CODCr、NH4+-N、BOD5、T-N、T-P的去除率分别为81.8%、94.1%、85.8%、37.8%、81.3%,其出水水质达到了城市污水二级生化处理排放标准。

Variations in Uptake and Translocation of Copper, Chromium and Nickel Among Nineteen Wetland Plant Species

An experiment was carried out to investigate the variations in metal uptake and translocation among 19 wetland plant species in small-scale plots of constructed wetland using artificial wastewater containing 2.0 mg L^-1 copper （Cu）, 1.0 mg L^-1 chromium （Cr）, and 2.0 mg L^-1 nickel （Ni）. More than 97% of Cu, Cr, and Ni were removed from the wastewater by the wetland plant species. There were more than ]00-fold differences in the metal accumulation and more than ten-fold differences in the metal concentrations among the 19 plant species. These plants accumulated as high as 8.8% of Cu, 20.5% of Cr, and 14.4% of Ni when they were grown in the wetland soaked with the wastewater. Several plant species were found to be highly capable of accumulating one, two or all the three metals. The results indicated considerable variations in the metal removal abilities through phytoextraction among the 19 wetland plant species. It can be concluded that the selection of appropriate plant species in constructed wetland can be crucial for the improvement of metal removal efficiency of the wetland system.

新型基质对生物膜微生物数量和酶活性的影响

为了探究新型人工基质能否对水体微环境起到改善作用,对同一河段中种植植物的新型人工基质、新型人工基质和石头基质上生物膜磷酸酶、脲酶和脱氢酶活性及微生物总数进行测定。结果表明,微生物数量在秋季最高,磷酸酶和脲酶活性在秋季最高,而脱氢酶活性夏季最高、秋季最低。在同一季节,3种酶活性都表现出种植植物的新型人工基质>新型人工基质>石头基质的趋势,微生物数量的变化趋势也与此一致。新型人工基质相对石头基质显著提高了生物膜上的微生物总数和磷酸酶、脲酶和脱氢酶活性。