基于模型试验的泥石流坡面物源启动预警模型

为进一步探明银洞子沟物源区坡面物源启动机理与降雨的相关性,在进行详细的现场考察与工程勘察工作后选取了典型模型体,并采用20余组人工降雨物理试验方法将降雨强度与坡度设为控制变量,研究了4种坡形、5种雨强条件下,坡面松散物源的失稳机制及破坏模式。试验结果揭示了地表变形与地下物理力学参数变化的定量响应关系,并基于试验发生破坏的临界雨量,建立了银洞子沟传统I-D预警模型。之后提炼可靠预警参数(坡度、深部体积含水率),通过数学回归分析方法并采用Exponential模型,得出IGD、IGM多参数新型预警判别式,实现了传统I-D模型的有效修正,并具一定的可靠性和实用价值。

Rainfall,Landslide and Debris Flow Intergrowth Relationship in Jiangjia Ravine

Jiangjia Ravine is a world-famous debris flow valley in Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,China.Every year large numbers of landslides and collapses happened and caused enormous damages to people's properties and lives.With longtime observation and testing in Jiangjia Ravine we had found out one kind of special landslide which had the characteristics of landslide and collapse.Landslide and collapse supplied sufficient materials for debris flow.When a debris flow broke out,some kind of intergrowth existed among rainfall,landslide and debris flow.In order to study the intergrowth and some key parameters,we carried out artificial rainfall landslide tests and model experiments to observe the phenomena such as collapse,surface slide and surface flow.By observing the experimental phenomena and monitoring water contents,the transformation process among landslide deposits and debris flow under the condition of rainfall had been analyzed.Research results revealed the relationship of this kind of intergrowth among rainfall,landslide and debris flow in Jiangjia Ravine.Meanwhile,it was found that this kind of intergrowth relationship existed only when the moisture content was in a certain range.That is,the critical state seemed to be existed in the transformation process.

昆明～嵩明高速公路后窗子坡面泥石流形成机制试验研究

以昆明~嵩明高速公路后窗子坡面泥石流为例,采用X射线衍射仪对泥石流物源进行矿物成分分析,得知后窗子坡面泥石流体富含高岭石和蒙脱石等亲水性黏土矿物;通过室内模型试验分析后窗子坡面泥石流形成机制,从坡面泥石流形态和裂纹阶段扩展将后窗子坡面泥石流形成过程划分为强度衰减（微裂纹滑移生核）、蠕动变形（微观裂纹扩展）、局部滑动（宏观裂纹扩展）、流动过程（失稳扩展）、沉积过程（堆积物浆体化）5个阶段。研究成果可为深入研究坡面泥石流发育力学机制提供一定参考。