反思“人性自利”

动物的本性是趣乐避苦,人的本性是好利恶害,二者存在本质差异。好利恶害的人必怀赏畏罚,故人皆有好利恶害、怀赏畏罚的自利性。说人性自利,属于事实陈述,不等于说人性恶。只有当人采取不同的行为方式自利时,才会出现善恶问题。说人性自利,也不是理论假设,而是事实如此。非但经济人自利,政治人自利,道德人也自利。哪怕最高尚的道德人,也是为了追求自己所看重的利益而行动。所以,无人不自利。很多著名思想家在承认人性自利的同时,也声称人有利他性。但这一意味人性存在分裂症的说法,实属运思不当的误解。实际的情况是:人虽有利他行为,并无利他人性;其他各种人性,也内在地服从于自利性。

Personal Experience in Acupuncture Treatment of Mental Diseases

Under the guidance of family veteran Chinese physicians, the author has been pursuing the research and treatment of mental diseases with Chinese herbal medicine supplemented by acupuncture and moxibustion with satisfactory therapeutic effects which is introduced as follows.