In common property studies,increasing number of users has been considered as a major threat for the long-term sustainability of natural resources. This perception has been true in a few cases. However,the 40-years emp...In common property studies,increasing number of users has been considered as a major threat for the long-term sustainability of natural resources. This perception has been true in a few cases. However,the 40-years empirical research conducted in a variety of environmental settings,reveals that population pressure is not the only factor responsible for the degradation of natural resources. In remote areas,where the local inhabitants highly depend on available natural resources for subsistence livelihood,the economically important resources are kept under different ownership regimes. The local inhabitants have established autochthonous insti-tutions,and formulated rules and regulations for proper management of these resources. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the response of a small fodder user community to the increasing population. For this purpose a micro-level study has been conducted in a remote mountain environment in the eastern Hindu Kush. For this research,data has been collected through fieldwork and focus group discussion. The results of this study reveal that fodder user communities have responded very well to the problem of population pressure. To maintain equity and long-term sustainability they have adopted a number of strategies including changing the ownership,and a resource kept under private ownership at the time of low population has been changed to a common property with increase in population. Based on this study it can be concluded that in mountainous areas and fragile environment the local inhabitant have both the capacity and capability to change their behaviour with regard to changing resource productivity as well as increasing number of users,and this situation does not always lead to the tragedy of commons.展开更多
A series of hydrogen storage Co-free AB3-type alloys were directly synthesized with vacuum mid-frequency melting method,within which Ni of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy was substituted by Fe,B and(FeB) alloy,respectively.Alloys...A series of hydrogen storage Co-free AB3-type alloys were directly synthesized with vacuum mid-frequency melting method,within which Ni of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy was substituted by Fe,B and(FeB) alloy,respectively.Alloys were characterized by XRD,EDS and SEM to investigate the effects of B and Fe substitution for Ni on material structure.The content of LaMg2Ni9 phase within La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 37.9% and that of La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloys reduces to 23.58%.Among all samples,ground particles with different shapes correspond to different phases.The major substitution occurs in LaMg2Ni9 phase.Electrochemical tests indicate that substituted alloys have different electrochemical performance,which is affected by phase structures of alloy.The discharge capacity of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 337.3 mA·h/g,but La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloy gets better high rate discharge(HRD) performance at the discharge rate of 500 mA/g with a high HRD value of 73.19%.展开更多
The ongoing internationalization of companies goes hand in hand with an increase of international assignments. With it, knowledge is transferred and diverse teams emerge in the subsidiaries abroad. However, expatriati...The ongoing internationalization of companies goes hand in hand with an increase of international assignments. With it, knowledge is transferred and diverse teams emerge in the subsidiaries abroad. However, expatriation management and diversity management have been separated areas so far. Thus, the readiness to use expatriation as an integral element of an overall diversity strategy has been evaluated in an exploratory empirical study. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with both expatriates and HR （human resources） managers in six subsidiaries and the headquarters of an international mechanical engineering company. It was found that operative aspects of the expatriate management dominate the viewpoint of those involved. However, the findings also suggest that an implicit recognition of advantages that stem from the variety of individual employees exists. Willingness to systematically strengthen the exchange and learning process was detected. Based on these results, a new approach could be conceptualized and implemented. This provides various foci for further research.展开更多
Human resource is already in society today one of the most important resources, the human resources stability has important implications, university should how to its important role and how to keep its stability, in t...Human resource is already in society today one of the most important resources, the human resources stability has important implications, university should how to its important role and how to keep its stability, in this thesis are introduced. In addition, concerning human resources loss and its have also means have relevant instruction, how to understand university human resources of stability,handled the problem, the university can better, faster development.展开更多
As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, envir...As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, environment improvement, stock enhancement and mariculture development have been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong Province of China. Studies and tests on artificial reefs and marine ranching, including effect investigation of artificial reefs set up in Jiaonan coastal areas in 1980s, hydrodynamic characteristics experiment of artificial reef, study on material and configuration of artificial reef models, algae transplantation and seaweed beds construction, stock enhancement and releasing etc., have been carried out in recent years. Furthermore, the Restoration Plan of Fishery Resources of Shandong Province has been implemented since the year of 2005, which greatly boosted the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching along the coast of Shandong. By June of 2010, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching is over $77 million USD. One hundred artificial reef districts, with total area about 33,350,000 m2 have been set up. The construction of marine ranching along the coast of Shandong Province has been in certain scale and the economic, social and ecological effects are obvious.展开更多
Performance management as the core part of modem human resources management, is to ensure that the employee＇s work and the organization＇s strategic objectives to maintain consistent process. Performance management b...Performance management as the core part of modem human resources management, is to ensure that the employee＇s work and the organization＇s strategic objectives to maintain consistent process. Performance management by setting a scientific and rational organizational goals, departmental goals and individual goals for employees specified in the direction Managers to discover the work of subordinates through performance coaching communication problems exist, to provide guidance and resources to support the necessary work to subordinates, subordinates bv improving, work attitude and workin~ melhnd~ tn en^Hre~ tho renl^v~fltan nfn^r~＂ I-,;~.~;展开更多
The motivation is an employee＇s internal relationship in the form of behaviour directed towards a specific goal and is manifested as an important factor for overall organisation performance. The goal of any business ...The motivation is an employee＇s internal relationship in the form of behaviour directed towards a specific goal and is manifested as an important factor for overall organisation performance. The goal of any business is to motivate employees to perform work with the maximum results. The work motivation is complex and dynamic feature of human resources and influences to motivation are very broad and diverse. The material forms of motivation are different compensation that employees receive for their work in the company. They appear in the financial and non-financial forms （paid or in the form of various services）. The goal of this research is to identify the main factors of human resources motivation in financial institutions （banks）. The questionnaire will be used as a research instrument and consists of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire will focus on socio-demographic characteristics and the second part concentrates on the motivation variables of material and immaterial character. Applying adequate knowledge discovery research methods will be identified as the main motivation components of selling persons in financial institutions.展开更多
文摘In common property studies,increasing number of users has been considered as a major threat for the long-term sustainability of natural resources. This perception has been true in a few cases. However,the 40-years empirical research conducted in a variety of environmental settings,reveals that population pressure is not the only factor responsible for the degradation of natural resources. In remote areas,where the local inhabitants highly depend on available natural resources for subsistence livelihood,the economically important resources are kept under different ownership regimes. The local inhabitants have established autochthonous insti-tutions,and formulated rules and regulations for proper management of these resources. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the response of a small fodder user community to the increasing population. For this purpose a micro-level study has been conducted in a remote mountain environment in the eastern Hindu Kush. For this research,data has been collected through fieldwork and focus group discussion. The results of this study reveal that fodder user communities have responded very well to the problem of population pressure. To maintain equity and long-term sustainability they have adopted a number of strategies including changing the ownership,and a resource kept under private ownership at the time of low population has been changed to a common property with increase in population. Based on this study it can be concluded that in mountainous areas and fragile environment the local inhabitant have both the capacity and capability to change their behaviour with regard to changing resource productivity as well as increasing number of users,and this situation does not always lead to the tragedy of commons.
基金Project(2007AA11A104) supported by the High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2009CB220100) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A series of hydrogen storage Co-free AB3-type alloys were directly synthesized with vacuum mid-frequency melting method,within which Ni of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy was substituted by Fe,B and(FeB) alloy,respectively.Alloys were characterized by XRD,EDS and SEM to investigate the effects of B and Fe substitution for Ni on material structure.The content of LaMg2Ni9 phase within La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 37.9% and that of La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloys reduces to 23.58%.Among all samples,ground particles with different shapes correspond to different phases.The major substitution occurs in LaMg2Ni9 phase.Electrochemical tests indicate that substituted alloys have different electrochemical performance,which is affected by phase structures of alloy.The discharge capacity of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 337.3 mA·h/g,but La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloy gets better high rate discharge(HRD) performance at the discharge rate of 500 mA/g with a high HRD value of 73.19%.
文摘The ongoing internationalization of companies goes hand in hand with an increase of international assignments. With it, knowledge is transferred and diverse teams emerge in the subsidiaries abroad. However, expatriation management and diversity management have been separated areas so far. Thus, the readiness to use expatriation as an integral element of an overall diversity strategy has been evaluated in an exploratory empirical study. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with both expatriates and HR （human resources） managers in six subsidiaries and the headquarters of an international mechanical engineering company. It was found that operative aspects of the expatriate management dominate the viewpoint of those involved. However, the findings also suggest that an implicit recognition of advantages that stem from the variety of individual employees exists. Willingness to systematically strengthen the exchange and learning process was detected. Based on these results, a new approach could be conceptualized and implemented. This provides various foci for further research.
文摘Human resource is already in society today one of the most important resources, the human resources stability has important implications, university should how to its important role and how to keep its stability, in this thesis are introduced. In addition, concerning human resources loss and its have also means have relevant instruction, how to understand university human resources of stability,handled the problem, the university can better, faster development.
文摘As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, environment improvement, stock enhancement and mariculture development have been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong Province of China. Studies and tests on artificial reefs and marine ranching, including effect investigation of artificial reefs set up in Jiaonan coastal areas in 1980s, hydrodynamic characteristics experiment of artificial reef, study on material and configuration of artificial reef models, algae transplantation and seaweed beds construction, stock enhancement and releasing etc., have been carried out in recent years. Furthermore, the Restoration Plan of Fishery Resources of Shandong Province has been implemented since the year of 2005, which greatly boosted the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching along the coast of Shandong. By June of 2010, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching is over $77 million USD. One hundred artificial reef districts, with total area about 33,350,000 m2 have been set up. The construction of marine ranching along the coast of Shandong Province has been in certain scale and the economic, social and ecological effects are obvious.
文摘Performance management as the core part of modem human resources management, is to ensure that the employee＇s work and the organization＇s strategic objectives to maintain consistent process. Performance management by setting a scientific and rational organizational goals, departmental goals and individual goals for employees specified in the direction Managers to discover the work of subordinates through performance coaching communication problems exist, to provide guidance and resources to support the necessary work to subordinates, subordinates bv improving, work attitude and workin~ melhnd~ tn en^Hre~ tho renl^v~fltan nfn^r~＂ I-,;~.~;
文摘The motivation is an employee＇s internal relationship in the form of behaviour directed towards a specific goal and is manifested as an important factor for overall organisation performance. The goal of any business is to motivate employees to perform work with the maximum results. The work motivation is complex and dynamic feature of human resources and influences to motivation are very broad and diverse. The material forms of motivation are different compensation that employees receive for their work in the company. They appear in the financial and non-financial forms （paid or in the form of various services）. The goal of this research is to identify the main factors of human resources motivation in financial institutions （banks）. The questionnaire will be used as a research instrument and consists of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire will focus on socio-demographic characteristics and the second part concentrates on the motivation variables of material and immaterial character. Applying adequate knowledge discovery research methods will be identified as the main motivation components of selling persons in financial institutions.
