后现代思潮冲击下的当代艺术及审美教育的人文反思

以相对论为代表的科学的后现代转向,以影像媒介为代表的消费社会及传播形态的形成,引发后现代审美思潮。通过对后现代思潮冲击下的当代艺术及审美教育的人文反思,提出当代艺术的人文净化建议。

Shrinking and Drying up of Baiyangdian Lake Wetland:A Natural or Human Cause?

The shrinking and drying up of wetlands in arid and semiarid areas of China have been widely observed in the recent years, but there has been no consensus on whether the aggravation is caused by human activities or by global climate warming. For a better understanding of the cause, this study investigates the dynamic changes of Baiyangdian Lake wetland over the last 40 years. It is shown that since the 1980s, Baiyangdian Lake has suffered from an insufficient water input and shrunk considerably. By using SPSS 11.0, this study urines a detailed Analysis on the signifficance of the effects of the possible driving factors for the degradation. It is identified that the North China Plain has been warrnin~ up significantly in recent years, which causes a significant reduction in the precipitation and inflow to the lake. Although human disturbances such as the irrigation and storage of water in reservoirs do not play a decisive role, they accelerate the degradation and their effects should be minimized.

Biology and Culture

Human beings do not live in nature, they live in culture. Contrary to biological evolution, which is based on genetic inheritance, cultural change is transmitted by instruction. Simple beginnings of culture have been observed in various animals. However, the much advanced human culture became possible by its transmission by language, and by its being cumulative. The concept of cultural change as a progressive process, popular by 18th and 19th centuries thinkers, is nowadays rejected, and the uniqueness of each culture stressed. Although, there are some similarities between biological evolution and cultural change, important differences between these processes are emphasized. The rapid rate of cultural change （especially its technological aspect）, as compared to the rate of biological evolution, is noted. In addition, some cultural changes led to new phenomena, which in a time of crisis can be annulled. The possible consequences of the different rate of these two processes for humans as individuals, and for their societies are discussed.

An Anthropology of Historic Foods in Japan, China and Korea

This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three countries （Japan, China, and Korea）, in relation to national culinary identity.

Analysis of Winterbourne in Daisy Miller

Henry James is one of the greatest novelists, who enjoys great reputation in the English literary world. He spent many years in Europe. Fie had deep and subtle insights into the life of the upper class in America and Europe. He experienced the cultural differences between America and Europe profoundly, which was demonstrated in his literary works. Daisy Miller is one of the representative works of Henry James, reveals his ＂international theme＂, the American innocence in face of European sophistication, In D^dsy Miller, Winterbourne is an undeniable protagonist, embodies both narrative and symbolic meaning. Through his narration and his representative features of the sophistication of European culture, we can gradually realize that it is the inevitable collision between new world and old world that leads to the pathetic ending of Daisy Miller.

Comparison on Cultural Connotation of Plant in Treasure Island and The Swordsman

In the development of human civilization, plant has been closely attached to human beings, and also been endowed with rich cultural imagery. However, ascribed to the differences between Chinese and English cultures, plant of the same kind exhibits similar, distinct or vacant characteristics. This paper adopts comparison method so as to compare and to analyze the differences and similarities of cultural connotation contained in plant emerging in Treasure Island （a representative of western adventure literature） and The Swordsman （a representative of Chinese martial arts literature） and roles plant plays in a certain chapter, or the whole story. The literature study presents a general knowledge of research theories in this field and cultural background. Moreover, the induction method integrates and summarizes the prior analyses and researches. Reasons underlying those cultural differences are also expounded, including legend and folklore, literature works and convention and custom. The conclusion is that analyzing the cultural connotation of plant is of significance for understanding the corresponding cultural differences as well as appreciating adventure and martial arts literature.

An Exploration on ＂Cultivating Character＂ in the Courses of College English

The fundamental purpose of Virtue education for college students is to carry out the education policy of moral education first and cultivate college students＇ correct attitude towards life, work, helping them achieve the happy life. This paper, based on the understanding of the inner link between the character of the college English course culture contains and students＇ virtue cultivation, analyzes the characteristics of our College English curriculum culture such as generation, counterbalance and practice and puts forward strategies to cultivate student＇s deliberating, self-supervision and cautious action by teachers＇ teaching wisdom, the design of the teaching evaluation and contents and students＇ learning experience step by step and so on.

The Impact of Handicrafts on the Promotion of Cultural and Economic Development for Students of Art Education in Higher Education

This paper studies the impact of handicrafts on the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education through handicrafts based on local customs and traditions. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental methods are used in this research. The results of the study are expected to benefit from the results of this study to provide planners handicrafts in the Ministry of Education. An effective strategy can affect the teaching and learning of handicrafts, the protection of its features and its presence and identity. The study sample consists of 45 students of the third level, batch 2012-2013, from the faculty of Education at the University of Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. The researchers to prepare topics for handicrafts depend on the use of local materials and units which are derived from the environment and represent the Artistic heritage that is shown through handicrafts （pottery, ceramics, calligraphy, decoration, carpet weaving and textile, sewing, embroidery, sculpture and engraving on wood, metal works, and printing works）. The researchers focuse that the students learn the value of handicrafts in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product. The results confLrms the existence of a difference in the quality and value of handicrafts for students in both groups： the experimental and control group, which confirms that the handcrafts lead to the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education. The researchers are recommended to consider of this topic as a main component which enables an area for further studies to develop different strategies in the field of handicrafts, for students to recognize the importance of the handicrafts value in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product.

The Origin of Chinese Modem Engineering Education： Fuzhou Shipping School＇s Engineering Education at Late Qing Dynasty

Engineering education is an important issue in engineering practice, and engineering practice and characteristics can be seen through examining the history of early Chinese engineering education. During the period ranging from the 1860s to the middle of the 1890s, the westernization group set up a series of modern industrial and mining enterprises for military and civil use, making the implementation of modern engineering education become possible and necessary. Thanks to their efforts, many schools and old-style private schools for teaching knowledge about western science and technology and training senior engineering managements and talents were gradually founded in China. These modern education organizations are the source and beginning of Chinese engineering education, which is also the origin of modernization of Chinese engineering education. This article takes Fuzhou Shipping School for case studies, using a cultural anthropology approach to examine the overall status, basic characteristics, and impact evaluation of engineering education during the Westernization Movement in China. It reiterates the idea of that ＂engineering education should be returned to engineering practice,＂ and tries to explain the framework of the development of engineering education in China. Through conducting research, we find that the development of engineering education in modem China generally has the basic resources for realization of internationalization through ＂westernization＂ and localization through traditional culture and education and the general characteristics of diversification of social influence. During the development process, it has accumulated valuable experience for timely reform and gradual improvement of modernization： attaching importance to culture and cultivating qualified technical personnel; strictly requiring and building high-level schools and specialties; learning the advanced knowledge and bravely utilizing foreign educational resources; setting pragmatic and highly pertinent disciplines and specialties. It also left the society with thought-provoking lessons, namely, the lagging industrial production and social instability made the development severely restricted and obstructed; the unreasonable development layout resulted in the intensified imbalanced development in different regions; the bureaucracy nature imposed serious impact on efficiency and effectiveness of education; the negligence of innovation made the great-leap-forward development failed, etc.

Interweavings of Alan Turing＇s Mathematics and Sociology of Knowledge

This paper starts from the analysis of how Alan Turing proceeded to build the notion of computability in his famous 1936 text ＂On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem＂. Looking in detail at his stepwise construction, which starts from the materialities to achieve a satisfactory level of abstraction, it is considered how his way of doing mathematics was one that constructs mathematical knowledge by evading a definite separation between matter and form; in this way, making the world and language come together. Following the same line of reasoning, it is argued in this paper that the abstract and the concrete, the deduction and the induction, the technical and the social as well as the objective and the subjective are unthinkable as pure entities. By considering the controversies and discussions from the mid-nineteenth century until now, it is shown that local （social） elements necessarily participate in what is usually considered ＂technical content＂ or ＂objectivity＂. While Alan Turing was a precursor of what today might be said to be an ＂anthropological approach to mathematical culture＂, unveiling and reviving approaches that enable the axis of authority for mathematics, logic and computing to be shifted, he also opened different paths for the construction of a variety of mathematical knowledge as well.

Alice Walker＇ s Colors of Identity

The paper traces back women like Celie, Shug, Sofia or Nettie engaged in journeys of self-discovery and development, ones that follow predicted feminist patterns, who try to get free from any dominance, either be it male, social or cultural. The colour purple signifies a metaphysical, social and personal rebirth reflected into different shades by their inner self. The social oppression for black women in their quest for freedom is the main theme of Walker＇s novel The Color Purple, written in the epistolary technique of Samuel Richardson＇s in the XVIllth century English novel. In our attempt to analyse the theme and the female characters of the novel we are also trying to cross a bridge from the slave woman of the past belonging to a completely different culture and race to the contemporary paradigm of the liberated woman. The movement in time encompasses possible similitudes and differences.

Myth and Origins： Men Want to Know

Starting with a personal definition of ＂myth＂, this paper seeks to substantiate the claim that every myth is essentially etiological, in the sense that myths somehow express a cosmogony or an eschatology, whether particular or universal. In order to do that, this study reassesses Classical and Judeo-Christian mythologies to revisit and contrast the narratives of origin--of the cosmos, of the gods and of men--found in ancient polytheism and in Judeo-Christian monotheism. Taking into consideration how these general and particular cosmogonies convey a specific understanding of the passage of time, this article does not merely recount the cosmogonies, theogonies, and anthropogonies found in the Bible and in the works of authors from Classical Antiquity, but it also incorporates a critical commentary on pieces of art and literature that have reinterpreted such mythical tales in more recent times The result of the research is the disclosure of a sort of universal etiology that may be found in mythology which, as argued, explains the origins of the world, of the gods, and of men so as to satisfy humankind＇s ambition to unveil the mysteries of the cosmos. Myth thus functions in these cases as a vehicle that makes it possible for man to return the fullness of a primordial age, abandoning the fleeting time that entraps him and entering a time still absolute

Knowledge Innovation of Great Tradition of Chinese Literary Anthropology

It is very innovative significance that Chinese Literary Anthropology invents the Great Tradition in the new century and puts forward series of theoretical propositions and academic points based on it. The new Great Tradition transforms the opposition between the Great and Little Tradition of American anthropology, and makes the new concepts gain the legitimacy of the cultural values transferred from the old terms. It dates the second coded significance of the written culture from the material narrative and the image narrative of the oral tradition, and highlights the generative and primary of the symbolic significance. It also questions the authenticity of the written representation, endows the truth and credibility to the material and image representation, and manifests the imaginative and expression of the early human culture. Though its theoretical innovation inverts the binary opposition structure, and it wants to jump out of knowledge limits of dual structure such as structure and destruction, objective and subjective, material and spiritual.

Technology Embedded Imagination for Arab Women

With advancing channels of communication easing the availability of technological tools, the young minds of women in the Arabian Peninsula are ready to adopt forthcoming challenges. The embrace of storytelling in the digital realm by these young minds reflects the interplay of traditional culture, western modernism, and changes brought about by media industries. These women have adopted and used new media as a vehicle to maneuver their interesting and fresh ideas and have seen the rectilinear screen of a computer as an exit through which to come out and say something to the masses. The thinking methodology has culminated in pragmatic and dynamic visuals in order to celebrate, inform, and create awareness about the issues that they see in the region and among the people. With this freedom of expression, they are creating a new visual culture and transforming themselves into a meaningful workforce. With emerging technological tools, they blend intuitive, pragmatic, emotional, and contextual imagination with a highly-sophisticated production pipeline in order to incorporate the challenges of synthesizing ＂dialect＂ and ＂codes＂ that have traditionally been segregated in the culture. Their work is an amalgamation of arts/design, animation, life footage, and meaningful communication. With cyclical evaluation, they entwine the two elements, creativity, and technicality with massive exposure of Digital Assists Management （DAM）. This paper explains how current technological tools and contextualized teaching instructions foster meaningful content with the elicitation and mergence of Arab anthropological characteristics.

Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage： A Robot Application in Architectural Survey

In this work a study of feasibility is illustrated to design and build a mobile robot for inspection and analysis of historical sites of architectonic interest. This novel application for robotic systems can be considered of great interest because nowadays the need of more and more accurate and efficient survey activity requires enhancement and even development of procedures with more reliable, innovative, and advanced characteristics. Within this expectation robots and robotic systems seem to be suitable solutions even with the purposes of： operating in environments that cannot be reached by human operators. The study of feasibility concerns with the analysis and simulation of a robotic system that can be used for operating in historical sites. Basic features of such mobile robots, either legged or wheeled, are well known, but specific requirements should be considered for the proposed applications in archaeological/architectural sites, which can be considered as a novelty in the field of Robotics. Basic features of the proposed robotic system can be summarized as follows： the robot should be able to move inside the archaeological and/or architectural sites by carrying surveying devices and by avoiding damage of the surface and other parts of the site.

Backed-up or Bound： Youths in US Chinatowns in Ethnic Literature and in Reality

Targeting the youth group of the American Chinatowns, this paper attempts to explore the continuous interactions of the people and the community on each other. As a result of combined impact of the immigration history of Chinese Americans and the unfolding political and economical reality, a complicated relationship has developed between the growing Chinese immigrants and the Chinatown where they happen to inhabit and influence. Literature and history have captured the interesting development in their specific perspectives and paradigms, between whom the comparison is creatively presented. The great process of modern urbanization of American cities since the 1950s is given serious highlight in shaping the small community as well as the large one. The authors invite further argument on whether the youths are cushioned or bound by the traditional physical and cultural environment, or they bring change to the community in return at the end of the paper. It is suggested that they mature into a beautiful compromise and pride on creating the immigrant legacy characteristic of the great country.

Cultural Psychology： An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Cultural Psychology emerged as an interdisciplinary subfield roughly in the 1980s/1990s. With about thirty years of momentum, this discipline has grown from little more than a special interests group to a topic to which multiple institutions and journals have been dedicated. This paper presents an outline of the discipline of Cultural Psychology from an American interdisciplinary perspective. The pitfalls of General Psychology （research methodology, politicization, and an essentialist hermeneutic） and Anthropology （an epistemological gap in the four fields approach, psychophobia, and the role of the researcher in cultural change） are addressed, in turn. Cultural Psychology provides an alternative to these pitfalls by drawing on the strengths of each discipline to address both theoretical and empirical problems. Cultural Psychology urges for a critical reflection on the social structure and history of its own discipline, resulting in a broader academic canon and a more nuanced understanding of interdisciplinary relations within the human sciences.

Humanistic Principles in the Circle of European Literature Themes

There is the question--can we hope that humanism and erudition can redevelop nowadays？ In the long history of humanistic inheritance, from ancient times till the end of the 18th century, there was obvious decadence of essential humanistic points. As the historial period, humanism means revival of classical culture, and as a specific culturological phenomenon, it means erudite education created by Hellens and developed by Romans, who recovered ＂humanitas＂ as global education. Italy was the first who helped humanists to contemplate on classical culture; and in post-medieval age, Italian humanists achieved a supreme measure of humanism through their ＂humanistic studies.＂ We will try to point out good achievements of humanism erudite education in European culture in later epochs. Humanism leads man to turn over to world--after medieval stricture--and it becomes self-conscious revolution, what we can see in Latin literature till the 18th century. Rise of individualism, development of libraries and humanistic academies give chance to latin tradition in European literature as universal discipline, including erudite education in international corpus （Ragusa also）. High-intellectual and latinized elites with humanistic state of mind develop complex spiritual inteligency with science requests in later epochs too. We will try to explain in which degree humanism, with its synthetic point of view, influences on later corpus of European literary themes and how great its actuallity is nowdays.

Diverse Universe： The Law of Equity

Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence？ This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual （biological）, collective （socio-cultural）, and planetary （cosmological）. The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.

Comparative Study on Differences of America-China Eco-Literature Viewpoints From the Perspective of Academic Compatibility

Facing the broad ＂eco-literature＂ subjects, this paper, first of all, taking eco-literature viewpoint and the theoretical connotation of eco-criticism viewpoint itself as the starting point, conducts a contrast study from the cultural origin-tracing on the American eco-literature viewpoint under the Western Bible vision and the Chinese natural eco-literature viewpoint of＂Oneness of Men and Nature＂ through the parallel comparison method; then from the visual angle of influential research is to further explore the academic compatibility in academic research： namely, the Western ecological literature consciousness begins to appear under the premise of the Western ecological civilization being destroyed, while the China＇s natural eco-literature of＂Oneness of Man and Nature＂ is based on a kind of unconscious affinity between people and nature in primitive age. Here it is necessary for us to point out that they cannot be mentioned in the same breath, because the modern ecological criticism is not the reduction of an ancient ecological thought, and also will lead to the academic non-compatibility in academic research. So only by correcting the people＇s misunderstanding in cognition, can we reach the unity of the natural ecological viewpoint and man civilized viewpoint so as to keep the harmony between human beings and nature.