Aim: To compare the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia, and to study the effect of humidity and heat on the content of nucleosides. Methods: The contents of nucleos...Aim: To compare the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia, and to study the effect of humidity and heat on the content of nucleosides. Methods: The contents of nucleosides were determined by using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Beckman P/ACE System 5010 apparatus equipped with a UV detector and a Beckman untreated fused-silica capillary (57 cm 75 mm, 50 cm effective length) was used. Before sample injection, the capillary was rinsed with 1 molL-1 sodium hydroxide solution and running buffer for 5 min, respectively. A voltage of 20 kV was applied for the separation. Pressure injection was 586 kPa for 6 seconds, and the wavelength of detector was 254 nm. The running time was 20 min at 20 oC. The effect of humidity and heat on the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia was observed for 1, 3, 5 and 10 days at temperature 40 oC, and relative humidity 75%. Results: The content of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis was higher than that from cultured Cordyceps mycelia. But the contents of nucleosides from freshly collected natural Cordyceps sinensis were very low, even below the limit of quantitation. The contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis were significantly increased by humidity and heat, but this phenomenon was not observed in cultured Cordyceps mycelia. Conclusion: There are differences between the nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia. The nucleosides in natural Cordyceps sinensis may be derived from the degradation of nucleic acids. This implies that adenosine being used for the quality control of natural Cordyceps sinensis may have to be reconsidered.展开更多
To realize automatic manipulation of micro-particles by light-induced dielectrophoresis (LDEP), a path-planning scheme based on the improved artificial potential field (APF) for micro light pattern movements is pr...To realize automatic manipulation of micro-particles by light-induced dielectrophoresis (LDEP), a path-planning scheme based on the improved artificial potential field (APF) for micro light pattern movements is proposed. An algorithm combining guided target and point obstacle based on a new local minimum judging criterion is specially designed, which can solve the local minimum problems encountered by the traditional APF. Experiments of real-time particle manipulation based on this algorithm are implemented and the experimental results show that the proposed approach can overcome the local minimum problems of the traditional APF method, and it is validated to be highly stable for intensive particle obstacles during LDEP manipulation. Consequently, this method can realize real-time manipulation of micro-nano particles with safety, decrease the difficulty of manual manipulation, and thus improve the efficiency of manipulation of micro-particles.展开更多
In 2012,an artificial reef system was deployed in Xiangshan Bay,China,to enhance its fishery resources. To determine the effect of the artificial reef system on the demersal nekton assemblages,a beforeafter-control-im...In 2012,an artificial reef system was deployed in Xiangshan Bay,China,to enhance its fishery resources. To determine the effect of the artificial reef system on the demersal nekton assemblages,a beforeafter-control-impact study design was applied. Comparisons of assemblages from impact and control habitats revealed that the assemblage in the impact area had a gradual response to reef deployment. The assemblages in the impact and control areas changed in different ways after reef deployment. During the study period,total biomass,species richness and average body weight in the control area remained relatively stable,whereas there were significant increases in these indicators in the impact area. Responses to the reefs differed among nekton species,inducing assemblage succession in the reefs post-deployment. Sparus macrocephalus and Cynoglossus abbreviat us benefited most from reef deployment. Conversely,smallsized shrimp Palaemon gravieri showed a progressive decrease in biomass following reef deployment. Overall,the artificial reef system diversified the demersal nekton assemblage,enhanced the total biomass,and increased the proportion of large-sized species.展开更多
Under the constantly changing production and marketing conditions including globalization,the fashion apparel industries are frequently restructuring to maintain customers and sustain competitiveness.One of the method...Under the constantly changing production and marketing conditions including globalization,the fashion apparel industries are frequently restructuring to maintain customers and sustain competitiveness.One of the methodologies adopted by manufacturers includes mass customization,which attempts to produce near custom made product at near mass production cost.Since swimwear requires tighter fit tolerance and still has fashion content,it has been used in this study to illustrate the ease of design change,design modification,and customization.Multi-style design of swimsuit is very demanding and time-consuming if traditional design methods are applied.Swimsuit manufacturers require systems with the capacity to deal with garment design process as a whole,including possibilities to work directly within a 3D graphic environment.However,it is realised that one of the major challenges in garment design concerns the physically-based simulation of production and 3D visualization.An innovation method consisting of a computer-aided design(CAD)system,allowing the designer to perform multi-style swimsuit design on a customized virtual human body,is presented in this paper.The 3D visualization and personalization of the simulation results are presented to help the designers to preview and determine whether the design of the swimsuit is satisfactory and then obtain feedback to improve their designs iteratively.The new functions of the virtual system provide the abilities to perform intelligent design of various swimsuit styles and materials for different body parts according to individual design requirements.The advantages of innovative design method for swimsuit have been discussed in this paper and examples have been provided to illustrate the ease of use CAD in design simulation and innovation.展开更多
To explore the spatial heterogeneity of plankton communities in a deep artificial lake (Songhua Lake, China), samples were collected at seven sites. Samples were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophores...To explore the spatial heterogeneity of plankton communities in a deep artificial lake (Songhua Lake, China), samples were collected at seven sites. Samples were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes and specific bands were sequenced. Cluster analysis of the DGGE profiles revealed that all of the samples grouped into two distinct clusters, in accordance with sampling site; while in each cluster, the divergence of sub-clusters correlated with sampling depth. Sequence analysis of selected dominant DGGE bands revealed that most sequenced phylotypes (84%) exhibited 〉97% similarity to the closest sequences in GenBank, and were affiliated with ten common freshwater plankton phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cryptophyta, Ciliophora, Stramenopiles, and Rotifera). Several of these groups are also found worldwide, indicating the cosmopolitan distribution of the phylotypes. The relationships between DGGE patterns and environmental factors were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results suggested that, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, temperature were strongly correlated with the variation ammonia, and CODMn concentrations, and water in plankton composition.展开更多
The human liver is the largest organ in the body and has many important physiological functions. A global analysis of human liver proteins is essential for a better understanding of the molecular basis of the normal f...The human liver is the largest organ in the body and has many important physiological functions. A global analysis of human liver proteins is essential for a better understanding of the molecular basis of the normal functions of the liver and of its diseases. As part of the Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP), the goal of the present study was to visualize and detect as many proteins as possible in normal human livers using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). We have constructed a reference map of the proteins of human normal liver that can be used for the comprehensive analysis of the human liver proteome and other related research. To improve the resolution and enhance the detection of low abundance proteins, we developed and optimized narrow pH range ultra-zoom 2-DE gels. High resolution patterns of human liver in pH gradients 4.5-5.5, 5-6, 5.5-6.7, 6-9 and 6-11 are presented. To improve the poor resolution in the alkaline pH range of 2-DE gels, we optimized the isoelectric focusing protocol by including sample application using cup loading at the anode and incorporating 1.2% hydroxyethyl disulfide, 15% 2-propanol and 5% glycerol in the rehydration buffer. Using the optimized protocol, we obtained reproducibly better resolution in both analytical and preparative 2-DE gels. Compared with the 2386 and 1878 protein spots resolved in the wide range 3-10 and 4-7 pH gradients respectively, we obtained 5481 protein spots from the multiple (overlapping) narrow pH range ultra-zoom gels in the range of pH 4.5-9. The visualized reference map of normal human liver proteins presented in this paper will be valuable for comparative proteomic research of the liver proteome.展开更多
文摘Aim: To compare the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia, and to study the effect of humidity and heat on the content of nucleosides. Methods: The contents of nucleosides were determined by using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Beckman P/ACE System 5010 apparatus equipped with a UV detector and a Beckman untreated fused-silica capillary (57 cm 75 mm, 50 cm effective length) was used. Before sample injection, the capillary was rinsed with 1 molL-1 sodium hydroxide solution and running buffer for 5 min, respectively. A voltage of 20 kV was applied for the separation. Pressure injection was 586 kPa for 6 seconds, and the wavelength of detector was 254 nm. The running time was 20 min at 20 oC. The effect of humidity and heat on the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia was observed for 1, 3, 5 and 10 days at temperature 40 oC, and relative humidity 75%. Results: The content of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis was higher than that from cultured Cordyceps mycelia. But the contents of nucleosides from freshly collected natural Cordyceps sinensis were very low, even below the limit of quantitation. The contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis were significantly increased by humidity and heat, but this phenomenon was not observed in cultured Cordyceps mycelia. Conclusion: There are differences between the nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia. The nucleosides in natural Cordyceps sinensis may be derived from the degradation of nucleic acids. This implies that adenosine being used for the quality control of natural Cordyceps sinensis may have to be reconsidered.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91023024,51175083)Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1020)Jiangsu Graduate Innovative Research Program(No.CX10B_062Z).
文摘To realize automatic manipulation of micro-particles by light-induced dielectrophoresis (LDEP), a path-planning scheme based on the improved artificial potential field (APF) for micro light pattern movements is proposed. An algorithm combining guided target and point obstacle based on a new local minimum judging criterion is specially designed, which can solve the local minimum problems encountered by the traditional APF. Experiments of real-time particle manipulation based on this algorithm are implemented and the experimental results show that the proposed approach can overcome the local minimum problems of the traditional APF method, and it is validated to be highly stable for intensive particle obstacles during LDEP manipulation. Consequently, this method can realize real-time manipulation of micro-nano particles with safety, decrease the difficulty of manual manipulation, and thus improve the efficiency of manipulation of micro-particles.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of Ningbo,China(No.2013C11014)
文摘In 2012,an artificial reef system was deployed in Xiangshan Bay,China,to enhance its fishery resources. To determine the effect of the artificial reef system on the demersal nekton assemblages,a beforeafter-control-impact study design was applied. Comparisons of assemblages from impact and control habitats revealed that the assemblage in the impact area had a gradual response to reef deployment. The assemblages in the impact and control areas changed in different ways after reef deployment. During the study period,total biomass,species richness and average body weight in the control area remained relatively stable,whereas there were significant increases in these indicators in the impact area. Responses to the reefs differed among nekton species,inducing assemblage succession in the reefs post-deployment. Sparus macrocephalus and Cynoglossus abbreviat us benefited most from reef deployment. Conversely,smallsized shrimp Palaemon gravieri showed a progressive decrease in biomass following reef deployment. Overall,the artificial reef system diversified the demersal nekton assemblage,enhanced the total biomass,and increased the proportion of large-sized species.
基金The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Grant,Hong Kong,China(No.1ZV1Z)
文摘Under the constantly changing production and marketing conditions including globalization,the fashion apparel industries are frequently restructuring to maintain customers and sustain competitiveness.One of the methodologies adopted by manufacturers includes mass customization,which attempts to produce near custom made product at near mass production cost.Since swimwear requires tighter fit tolerance and still has fashion content,it has been used in this study to illustrate the ease of design change,design modification,and customization.Multi-style design of swimsuit is very demanding and time-consuming if traditional design methods are applied.Swimsuit manufacturers require systems with the capacity to deal with garment design process as a whole,including possibilities to work directly within a 3D graphic environment.However,it is realised that one of the major challenges in garment design concerns the physically-based simulation of production and 3D visualization.An innovation method consisting of a computer-aided design(CAD)system,allowing the designer to perform multi-style swimsuit design on a customized virtual human body,is presented in this paper.The 3D visualization and personalization of the simulation results are presented to help the designers to preview and determine whether the design of the swimsuit is satisfactory and then obtain feedback to improve their designs iteratively.The new functions of the virtual system provide the abilities to perform intelligent design of various swimsuit styles and materials for different body parts according to individual design requirements.The advantages of innovative design method for swimsuit have been discussed in this paper and examples have been provided to illustrate the ease of use CAD in design simulation and innovation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51178090)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2012BAJ21B02-02)the National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects(No.2009ZX07106-001)
文摘To explore the spatial heterogeneity of plankton communities in a deep artificial lake (Songhua Lake, China), samples were collected at seven sites. Samples were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes and specific bands were sequenced. Cluster analysis of the DGGE profiles revealed that all of the samples grouped into two distinct clusters, in accordance with sampling site; while in each cluster, the divergence of sub-clusters correlated with sampling depth. Sequence analysis of selected dominant DGGE bands revealed that most sequenced phylotypes (84%) exhibited 〉97% similarity to the closest sequences in GenBank, and were affiliated with ten common freshwater plankton phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cryptophyta, Ciliophora, Stramenopiles, and Rotifera). Several of these groups are also found worldwide, indicating the cosmopolitan distribution of the phylotypes. The relationships between DGGE patterns and environmental factors were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results suggested that, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, temperature were strongly correlated with the variation ammonia, and CODMn concentrations, and water in plankton composition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30621063, 20635010 and 20735005)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB910801, 2004CB518707 and 2007CB914100)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA02A308 and 2008AA02Z309)
文摘The human liver is the largest organ in the body and has many important physiological functions. A global analysis of human liver proteins is essential for a better understanding of the molecular basis of the normal functions of the liver and of its diseases. As part of the Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP), the goal of the present study was to visualize and detect as many proteins as possible in normal human livers using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). We have constructed a reference map of the proteins of human normal liver that can be used for the comprehensive analysis of the human liver proteome and other related research. To improve the resolution and enhance the detection of low abundance proteins, we developed and optimized narrow pH range ultra-zoom 2-DE gels. High resolution patterns of human liver in pH gradients 4.5-5.5, 5-6, 5.5-6.7, 6-9 and 6-11 are presented. To improve the poor resolution in the alkaline pH range of 2-DE gels, we optimized the isoelectric focusing protocol by including sample application using cup loading at the anode and incorporating 1.2% hydroxyethyl disulfide, 15% 2-propanol and 5% glycerol in the rehydration buffer. Using the optimized protocol, we obtained reproducibly better resolution in both analytical and preparative 2-DE gels. Compared with the 2386 and 1878 protein spots resolved in the wide range 3-10 and 4-7 pH gradients respectively, we obtained 5481 protein spots from the multiple (overlapping) narrow pH range ultra-zoom gels in the range of pH 4.5-9. The visualized reference map of normal human liver proteins presented in this paper will be valuable for comparative proteomic research of the liver proteome.