信息人生态位与数字档案资源安全的辩证分析

随着档案信息化、数字化的不断深入,数字档案资源安全研究刻不容缓。网络环境下,信息生态位的内涵也随之发生了变化。文章从信息人生态位角度出发,概述了数字档案安全知识;分析了信息生产者、信息服务机构和信息用户生态位与数字档案资源安全的辩证关系;鉴于信息人生态位对数字档案资源安全的重要性,从信息人的多元化角度提出了数字档案资源安全建设的相关措施。

信息人生态位相似:意涵、成因与影响

针对信息人受到生态位相似的困扰,结合相似科学和信息生态位的有关知识,提出信息人生态位相似的概念,对其定义及其与信息人生态重叠的关系进行了阐释,并探讨了引起信息人生态位相似的根源和信息人生态位相似可能产生的影响。结果发现,信息人生态位相似是比信息人生态位重叠更普遍且有别于信息人生态位重叠的现象,信息人生态位相似的出现与信息人及信息环境有关,其影响体现在信息人和信息生态系统两个层面。

马克思主义生态伦理的四个维度

党的十八大以来习近平总书记关于生态文明建设的新理念、新思想、新战略既继承了马克思主义生态伦理思想,同时又对马克思主义生态伦理思想有着极大的创新和发展,丰富了马克思主义生态伦理思想的新内涵。马克思主义生态伦理是对传统伦理学理论的超越,这种超越是由马克思主义生态伦理的四个基本维度所决定的。依据人类可持续生存的使命,马克思主义生态伦理主要包括四个基本维度,即属人生态概念的界定、生态伦理的逻辑前提、生态伦理的逻辑结构和生态伦理的类特性特征。研究马克思主义生态伦理的四个维度有利于开展生态道德建设,对中国走向生态文明、丰富可持续发展理论、构建美丽中国提供了理论支撑。

“中间物”、复仇及“油滑”－－《野草》《故事新编》的传记学解读

运用传记学批评方法,结合鲁迅生平、思想,可以看出,<野草>体现了鲁迅的生命观、历史观--"中间物"哲学,体现了他绝望抗争的人生态度.从创作过程、鲁迅心境可以解读<故事新编>"油滑"写法的必然性及其意象、情节中的复仇情绪.

Discussion on Action and Potential of Fenlong Megascience in the Symbiosis between Human and Nature

The fourth new farming model Fenlong is identified as megascience for the first time. Fenlong can be directly applied to farming of farmland, remoulding of mortar black soil and saline alkali land and development of degraded grassland. Deep loosening can create huge soil reservoirs, reduce fertilization, promote indi- rectly the improvement of river water fisheries and water sources and the upgrading of shaping and hydropower industry, thus making a new round of mobilization and pooling of natural resources. As a result, the nature is able to produce good food needed by human, the spatial dimension of the land is increased, the natural pre- cipitation storage is increased, the flood and drought disasters are reduced, the eco-environment is improved, and the economic benefits are increased. Fenlong is not restricted to global application by ecological region and crop variety and is not subject to the time-space constraints for a hundred thousand years. On the basis of utilizing the heaven and earth resources, it brings about a huge effect of mega- science. Compare with traditional farming, the depth under the mode of Fenlong is increased by 2-3 times, the contents of nutrient, water, oxygen and microorganism in the soil are increased by 10%-200%, the content of pale salt is increased by 20%-40%, the temperature is increased by 2-4 ~C, and the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is improved by 10%. Under the cultivation mode of Fenlong, the yield of crop applied with no fertilizers is increased by more than 10%, crop yield is still in- creased by more than 5% when the application amount of chemical fertilizer is re- duced by 10%-20%. Under the farming mode of Fenlong combined with no in- crease in fertilization, the crop yield, crop quality, farming efficiency, natural precipi- tation storage and air humidity are increased by 10%-50%, 5%, 15%, 100% and 5%, respectively, and the emissions of methane and other gases are reduced by more than 5%. Even in mortar black soil, saline alkali land and degraded grassland, the yield is still increased by 15%-50%. These improvement effects can last for many years, helping achieve the real harmonious coexistence between human and nature.

Study on Qianling Lake Restoration with Artificial Wetland

The ecological restoration of water quality in Qianling Lake was conducted by artificial wetland, which transformed N and P in wastewater into essential matters in organism tissues, so pollutants discharged into Qianting Lake were reduced for the purpose of restoration.

Comparison of stand structure and growth between artificial and natural forests of Pinus sylvestiris var. mongolica on sandy land

Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many problems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in Zhanggutai, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively. Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11, 22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings' disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas.

Relationship between Rice Cultural Diversity and Ecological Environment in Yunnan Province of China

[Objective] This paper aims to confirm that Yunnan is one origin center of rice and human in the world.[Method] The complicated and unique ecological environment in Yunnan makes Yunnan Province the largest center of genetic diversity and cultural diversity of rice and human being as well as the cradle of human childhood.[Result] The genetic diversity and cultural diversity of rice and human being is closely related to the ecosystem diversity.Rice civilization in Yunnan can be divided into four types,including the diversity center region of rice civilization in southwestern Yunnan,diffusion region of rice civilization of Hani-Zhuang in southern Yunnan,rice civilization region of water-drought rotation in central Yunnan and poverty region of rice civilization in northern Yunnan.Southwestern Yunnan is not only the center of genetic ecological diversity and rice cultural diversity,but also the center of origin and diversity of crop genetic diversity.It is not only a transitional region among East Asia continent,South Asian sub-continent and Indo-China Peninsula,but also a core integration area of Chinese culture,Indian culture and Mid-south Peninsula culture which all merge with the local culture.[Conclusion] Yunnan is one common sphere where the origin of human evolution is closely related to the origin of rice evolution.

Integration of Ecology and Culture in Environment Creation of Residential District——A Case Study of Landscape Design of Group A in Urban Paradise in Nanning

To create a graceful living environment is the core responsibility of landscape designers in the designing process of residential environment. Residential environment design should pay attention to correctly involving cultural feature and environmental and ecological elements which should be integrated in certain living environment through a good design method, so as to reflect landscape designers’ concern on the urban living space. Taking the buildings of Urban Paradise (Paradise in Chinese literature is also called Taohua Yuan, that is, Land of Peach Blossom, originated from the essay by TAO Yuan-ming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) in Nanning City for example, the research investigated how to integrate ecology and culture in the environment creation of residential district.

Study on the Residential Planning and Design in Subu Town of Anhui Province

The scientific research theory of Chinese contemporary art residential environment were carried out from the aspects of the people-centered and ecological environment. This study absorbed the essence of Chinese local ecological of the residential environment, for the use of contemprorary design. Through the practice of residential planning in Subu Town of Anhui Province, based on the protection of rural environment, the research completed according to local conditions and strategies for sustainable development.

Assessing attitudes toward elderly among nurses working in the city of Ilam

Objective:Several factors affect the quality of care in the elderly,such as nurses'attitudes.This study aimed to assess nurses'attitude toward elderly in the city of Ilam.Method:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 nurses working at public hospitals in the city of Ilam.Participants were selected using simple random sampling from the list of staff.The Kogan's attitude questionnaire was used to measure nurses'attitudes toward the elderly.Results:The mean age of respondents in this study was 32.65(SD=7.67),and the score of attitudes toward the elderly was 144.96(SD=51.75)in average.More than half(54.3%)of the nurses had negative attitudes toward the elderly.The results of ANOVA analysis showed significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in the attitudes toward the elderly among the nurses as their ages,marital status,work experiences,and ward types differed.Conclusion:In conclusion,nurses in this study have marginally negative attitudes toward the elderly.Therefore,promoting nurses'attitudes toward the elderly is important to provide high-quality care.

APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE JIANGHAN PLAIN

Wetlands in the Jianghan Plain are important components of wetland types in lake area in the middle and lower reaches the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and they fulfill many uses and functions related to hydrology, waste assimilation, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Owing to natural factors and human activities, especially excessive reclamation from lakes, the shrinking process of the lakes has been accelerated. Wetland ecosystem has shown the characteristics of vulnerability. According to the analysis of wetland ecological function in the Jianghan Plain, this paper presented an index system related to productivity, stability and environmental capacity. By using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process, we computed the values of the relative weights of the indexes, and evaluated the vulnerability level of the wetland ecosystem by the method of multi-indexes. The case study showed that the fragile extent of wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is 5.6. This means that the wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is laid to the state of middle vulnerability. Therefore, the wetland conservation and eco-rehabilitation in the Jianghan Plain should be paid attention to.

URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT IN TUMEN RIVER BASIN

The trans-boundary scope of the Tume n River Basin(TRB)going through China,Russia and DPRK has been defined,and on the basis of this,status of urbanization and its impacts on water environment in recent 20years in TRB have been analyzed.Urbanizatio n in TRB can be characterized as:1)There is medium level of overall urbanization in TRB.Certain distance still exists compared with developed countries.And it is lower than the average urbanization level of Russia and higher than that o f China.2)There is unbalanced distribution of urbanization development in TRB.Urbanization in China part owns the c haracter of low starting point and hi gh-speed development.In Russia part,charac-ter of urbanization can be described as high starting point and stable development.In DPRK part,urbanizatio n level is low,and motive power lacks.3)Due to large population,in China part there is broader region urbanized,larger radius and higher frequency of human activities,which lead to heavier pressure on environment.Meanwhile,the paper has point-ed that impacts of urbanization on wa ter environment are as follows:1)Urban population growth and industr y develop-ment increase the demand for freshwa ter,and also exacerbate the contrad iction between limited water supply and increas-ing freshwater demand.2)Urban infrastructure doesn’t match with urban productive function especially treatment facili-ties,which results in the pollution of the Tumen River.3)The pollution situation in the Tumen River got peak point in1995,and presently,such situation has been improved in great scale,due to effective interventions adopted.However,there still exist 2enterprises that are urgent to be harnessed.Moreover,pollution of municipal sewage will become more and more apparent.4)The influence of urbanization on soil is mainly caused by industrial effl uent and slag,and pollut-ed water irrigation.Soil and water l oss has also been a serious problem caused by urbanization.5)Urbanization results in the decrease of wetlands area.Fur thermore,the paper has given a brief account of the perspective and recom menda-tions on urbanization and environme ntal impacts.

Human Resource Ecosystem and its evolutionary rules

The paper, based on the concept and the elements of human resource ecosystem (HR Ecosystem), studies the function and structure of HR Ecosystem, introduces the entropy theory to define the content of entropy of HR Ecosystem, constructs the corresponding distinctive model to distinguish the direction of the evolution of HR Ecosystem and the evolutionary entropy model, and applies the models to demonstrate the evolutionary rules of HR Ecosystem. The study shows that the entropy theory can be well applied to the analysis on HR Ecosystem and that it opens up a new field in the research of human resource management and provides a new effective technical method.

Concept and Evaluation of Ecosystem Intrinsic Value

Ecosystem valuation can serve as a basis of scientific support for decision-making. So far, the most popular methods for ecosystem valuation are ecosystem service valuation （ESV）, which is based on the utility of ecosystem to human beings rather than on the objective value of the ecosystem. After more than 10 years＇ application, it has been found that all losses of ESV were about 10% of the benefits of human activities. In this paper, the ecosystem intrinsic value （EIV） is defined. EIV is an objective value that emerges from the existence, structures, functions and processes of ecosystem, but independent with man, man＇s will and preferences. The valuating approach and methods used for EIV were developed by using energy approach and the methods of emergy analysis and eco-exergy analysis. The EIV calculated by emergy from the substance, energy and information of ecosystem and by eco-exergy from the structure and function of ecosystem represents the existent value and the externally working capacity of ecosystem, respectively. The approach and methods of EIV evaluation were applied to Xiamen Bay, China. The results showed that the marine EIV in Xiamen Bay was 209 billion RMB, including 116 billion RMB of emergy and 92.4 billion RMB of eco-exergy in 2010, nearly 30 times of ESV and 8.5 times of the GDP of Xiamen marine industry in 2010. The EIV in unit area of Xiarnen Bay is more than 10 times higher than the average global ESV in estuaries. It implied a potential undervaluation to ecosystem value by ESV calculation, which may mislead decisions-making processes.

Intentional introduction of Artemia sinica(Anostraca) in the high-altitude Tibetan lake Dangxiong Co:the new population and consequences for the environment and for humans

The imbalance between supply and demand of Artemia cysts in China and around the world is increasing now.Salt lakes in Tibet may contribute to the solution of the problem.In Northern Tibet there are 26 saline lakes whose salinity and temperature may support Artemia survival at an altitude of 4 000–5 100 m.We found Artemia in 15 of these lakes.The saline lakes with Artemia populations mainly belong to the shallow basin lakes,and the majority of these lakes are small in area.The total area of lakes without Artemia is more than 1 000 km 2.Lake Dangxiong Co(Co means lake in Tibet) was chosen for the intentional introduction of Artemia sinica.In 2004,850 g of A.sinica cysts,originating from Qinghai,were introduced in the lake.Surveys in 2006–2014 showed that the average abundance of Artemia adults in the lake gradually increased from 20 ind./m 3 in 2006 to 1950 ind./m 3 in 2013.We assume that two subpopulations of A.sinica,separated by depth,may exist in the lake.The new Artemia population caused an increase in the number of species of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protozoa with a decrease of their total abundance.Water transparency also increased.Dominance in phytoplankton passed from cyanobacteria to diatoms.Changes occurred not only in the lake ecosystem;the number of water birds using the lakes also dramatically increased.Preliminary calculations showed that is it possible to harvest at least about 150 t cysts per year from the lake as well as 3.2 thousand tons of frozen or 350 t of dried biomass of adult Artemia.

Impacts of Ecological Restoration and Human Activities on Habitat of Overwintering Migratory Birds in the Wetland of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China

Increasing human activities have contributed to global climate change, and thus resulted in a downward trend in the number of species and population sizes of migratory birds. This trend is closely related to a reduction in habitat size and lower habitat quality. The Poyang Lake wetland in China constitutes one of Asia's largest overwintering habitats for migratory birds. Over the past 10 years, restoration projects have improved the habitat ecology of these wetlands. In this study, we assessed the changes in habitat quality for overwintering migratory birds from 2000 to 2012 near two villages in the Poyang Lake wetland using the In VEST model. Average habitat quality for migratory birds has been improved by 18.8% and47.7%. Differences in the degrees of habitat improvement can be attributed to differences in the change of habitat size and in the impact of threat sources that resulted from the combined effects of restoration and human activities in these two villages.

A gait planning method applied to hexapod biomimetic robot locomotion

In order to fulfill the goal of autonomous walking on rough terrain,a distributed gait planningmethod applied to hexapod biomimetic robot locomotion is proposed based on the research effort of gait co-ordination mechanism of stick insect.The mathematical relation of walking velocity and gait pattern wasdepicted,a set of local rules operating between adjacent legs were put forward,and a distributed networkof local rules for gait control was constructed.With the interaction of adjacent legs,adaptive adjustmentof phase sequence fluctuation of walking legs resulting from change of terrain conditions or variety of walk-ing speed was implemented to generate statically stable gait.In the simulation experiments,adaptive ad-justment of inter-leg phase sequence and smooth transition of velocity and gait pattern were realized,andstatic stableness was ensured simultaneously,which provided the hexapod robot with the capability ofwalking on rough terrain stably and expeditiously.

Changes in tree species diversity and dominance across a disturbance gradient in Nepalese Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forests

Disturbance is often touted as a management tool, as moderate disturbance is believed to enhance diversity; thus an understanding of frequent and fluctuating disturbance regimes in forests and their effects on stand structure, dominance and diversity is very crucial. Here, the effects of different disturbance regimes, along a gradient, on diversity and dominance of five Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.-dominated forests were investigated in 25 one-ha plots in Nepal. A total of 67 tree species were recorded; of which 41 species were encountered in least disturbed and 10 species in beavily disturbed forest. Significant variations among forests were observed for all measures of alpha diversity. Alpha diversity measures declined linearly along a disturbance gradient while dominance increased linearly. Relative basal area of S. robusta increased as the level of disturbance increased, which in turn produced more than two-fold higher important value index in heavily disturbed forest than the least disturbed forest. All alpha diversity measures declined in an order of three with increasing relative basal area of S. robusta. The similarity in species composition between each pair of disturbed forests was generally low （Jaccard＇s similarity index 〈 57%）, suggesting a higher Beta diversity, It can be concluded that diversity of Sal forests declines with increasing magnitude of disturbance, which in turn favors a higher domi- nance of S. robusta. Controlling the population of the dominant species, mainly S. robusta, is recommended to enhance diversity and to achieve multiple-use forest management objectives.

Wheeled foot quadruped robot HITAN-I

In view of the robot running environment, the structure of wheeled foot and quadruped are adopted in this robot system, which combines the priorities of both wheeled robot and legged robot. Based on CAN bus, the two-class robot control system using multiple controllers and drivers is constructed. At the same time, serial inverse kinematics of swaying leg and parallel inverse kinematics of supporting legs are analyzed independently. The forward gait and turning gait are planned and experiment image is given at last.