A new HPLC MS method to determine loratadine in human plasma was established. The method involved extracting drug with organic solvent under basic conditions. The samples were seperated by ODS column and determined ...A new HPLC MS method to determine loratadine in human plasma was established. The method involved extracting drug with organic solvent under basic conditions. The samples were seperated by ODS column and determined by mass detector. The calibration curve of loratadine was linear within the range of 0.4～100 ng·mL -1 with r=0.9995 . The recovery of this method was within 95%～104%, within day and between day RSD were less than 12%. To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of loratadine tablets, two formulations of loratadine tablets were given to 18 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized 2 way cross over design. The C max , AUC 0 t and T max values of the two formulations were 51.89±20.18 ng·mL -1 and 52.48±22.35 ng·mL -1 ; 140.75±88.42 ng·h·mL -1 and 147.24±92.33 ng·h·mL -1 ; 0.81±0.35 h and 0.81±0.27 h respectively. Results from statistic analysis showed that there were no significant difference between the C max , AUC 0-t and T max values of the two formulations. The relative bioavailability of tablets I with respect to tablets II was 97%±13% from the AUC 0 t measurement. Bioequivalance was observed between the two tablets.展开更多
Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to pe...Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to peri-procedural medication in the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of premedication on new onset delirium and procedural care in elderly patients. Methods Patients 〉 70 years old and scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization were randomly assigned to receive either oral diphenhydramine and diaze- pam （25 rag/5 mg） or no premedication. All patients underwent a mini mental state exam and delirium assessment using confusion assess- ment method prior to the procedure and repeated at 4 h after the procedure and prior to discharge. Patients＇ cooperation during the procedure and ease of post-procedure were measured using Visual Analog Scale （VAS）. The degree of alertness was assessed immediately on arrival to the floor, and twice hourly afterwards using Observer＇s Assessment of Alermess/Sedation Scale （OAA/S）. Results A total of 93 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 77 years, and 47 patients received premedication prior to the procedure. None of the patients in either group developed delirium. Patients＇ cooperation and the ease of procedure was greater and pain medication requirement less both during and after the procedure in the pre-medicated group （P 〈 0.05 for both）. Nurses reported an improvement with patient management in the pre-medicated group （P = 0.08）. Conclusions In conclusion, prcmedication did not cause delirium in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The reduced pain medication requirement, perceived procedural ease and post procedure management favors premedication in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the application status of preventive measures for feeding intolerance in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(STBI)in China and analysis the differences and their causes.Methods ...This study aimed to investigate the application status of preventive measures for feeding intolerance in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(STBI)in China and analysis the differences and their causes.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted.From December 2019 to January 2020,ICU nurses and physicians of 89 hospitals in China were surveyed by using a questionnaire on preventive strategies for feeding intolerance in patients with STBI.The questionnaire included two parts:the general information of participants(10 items)and application of preventive measures for feeding intolerance in STBI patients(18 items).Results Totally 996 nurses and physicians completed the questionnaire.Among various methods,gastrointestinal symptoms(85.0%)and injury severity(71.4%)were mostly used to assess gastrointestinal functions and risk of feeding intolerance among STBI patients,respectively.Initiating enteral nutrition(EN)within 24–48 h(61.5%),nasogastric tubes(91.2%),30°–45°of head-of-bed elevation(89.5%),continuous feeding by pump(72.9%),EN solution temperature of 38–40°C(65.5%),<500 ml initial volume of EN solution(50.0%),monitoring gastric residual volume with a syringe(93.7%),and assessing gastric residual volume every 4 h(51.5%)were mostly applied for EN delivery among STBI patients.Prokinetic agents(73.3%),enema(73.6%),probiotics(79.0%),antacid agents(84.1%),and non-nutritional preparations as initial EN formula(65.6%)were commonly used for preventing feeding intolerance among STBI patients.Conclusions The survey showed that nurses and clinicians in China have a positive attitude towards preventive strategies for feeding intolerance.However,some effective new technologies and methods have not been timely applied in clinical practice.We suggest that managers,researchers,clinicians,nurses,and other health professionals should collaborate to explore effective and standard preventive strategies for feeding intolerance among patients with STBI.展开更多
文摘A new HPLC MS method to determine loratadine in human plasma was established. The method involved extracting drug with organic solvent under basic conditions. The samples were seperated by ODS column and determined by mass detector. The calibration curve of loratadine was linear within the range of 0.4～100 ng·mL -1 with r=0.9995 . The recovery of this method was within 95%～104%, within day and between day RSD were less than 12%. To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of loratadine tablets, two formulations of loratadine tablets were given to 18 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized 2 way cross over design. The C max , AUC 0 t and T max values of the two formulations were 51.89±20.18 ng·mL -1 and 52.48±22.35 ng·mL -1 ; 140.75±88.42 ng·h·mL -1 and 147.24±92.33 ng·h·mL -1 ; 0.81±0.35 h and 0.81±0.27 h respectively. Results from statistic analysis showed that there were no significant difference between the C max , AUC 0-t and T max values of the two formulations. The relative bioavailability of tablets I with respect to tablets II was 97%±13% from the AUC 0 t measurement. Bioequivalance was observed between the two tablets.
文摘Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to peri-procedural medication in the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of premedication on new onset delirium and procedural care in elderly patients. Methods Patients 〉 70 years old and scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization were randomly assigned to receive either oral diphenhydramine and diaze- pam （25 rag/5 mg） or no premedication. All patients underwent a mini mental state exam and delirium assessment using confusion assess- ment method prior to the procedure and repeated at 4 h after the procedure and prior to discharge. Patients＇ cooperation during the procedure and ease of post-procedure were measured using Visual Analog Scale （VAS）. The degree of alertness was assessed immediately on arrival to the floor, and twice hourly afterwards using Observer＇s Assessment of Alermess/Sedation Scale （OAA/S）. Results A total of 93 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 77 years, and 47 patients received premedication prior to the procedure. None of the patients in either group developed delirium. Patients＇ cooperation and the ease of procedure was greater and pain medication requirement less both during and after the procedure in the pre-medicated group （P 〈 0.05 for both）. Nurses reported an improvement with patient management in the pre-medicated group （P = 0.08）. Conclusions In conclusion, prcmedication did not cause delirium in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The reduced pain medication requirement, perceived procedural ease and post procedure management favors premedication in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the application status of preventive measures for feeding intolerance in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(STBI)in China and analysis the differences and their causes.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted.From December 2019 to January 2020,ICU nurses and physicians of 89 hospitals in China were surveyed by using a questionnaire on preventive strategies for feeding intolerance in patients with STBI.The questionnaire included two parts:the general information of participants(10 items)and application of preventive measures for feeding intolerance in STBI patients(18 items).Results Totally 996 nurses and physicians completed the questionnaire.Among various methods,gastrointestinal symptoms(85.0%)and injury severity(71.4%)were mostly used to assess gastrointestinal functions and risk of feeding intolerance among STBI patients,respectively.Initiating enteral nutrition(EN)within 24–48 h(61.5%),nasogastric tubes(91.2%),30°–45°of head-of-bed elevation(89.5%),continuous feeding by pump(72.9%),EN solution temperature of 38–40°C(65.5%),<500 ml initial volume of EN solution(50.0%),monitoring gastric residual volume with a syringe(93.7%),and assessing gastric residual volume every 4 h(51.5%)were mostly applied for EN delivery among STBI patients.Prokinetic agents(73.3%),enema(73.6%),probiotics(79.0%),antacid agents(84.1%),and non-nutritional preparations as initial EN formula(65.6%)were commonly used for preventing feeding intolerance among STBI patients.Conclusions The survey showed that nurses and clinicians in China have a positive attitude towards preventive strategies for feeding intolerance.However,some effective new technologies and methods have not been timely applied in clinical practice.We suggest that managers,researchers,clinicians,nurses,and other health professionals should collaborate to explore effective and standard preventive strategies for feeding intolerance among patients with STBI.
