To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™...To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient.RESULTSEighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as 'Good'.CONCLUSIONThe DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.展开更多
The exploration of information civilization provides a new key to a new understanding of contemporary development.As a higher level of civilization based on material energy,information civilization represents the info...The exploration of information civilization provides a new key to a new understanding of contemporary development.As a higher level of civilization based on material energy,information civilization represents the information development of human civilization,involving development from material energy to information,development of resources from individual portions to joint sharing,development of the relationship between humans and resources from ownership to use,and the development of humanity itself and its activities from material energy to information.The unfolding of information in human civilization presents the development of information civilization as a mode of human existence,as information ecology and as a dynamic mechanism of social development.Information civilization highlights the profound significance of the fact that in the final analysis,development is human development;the inherent mechanics of human development proceeding from external conditions to internal needs;and the basic manner in which social development proceeds from quantitative increases to qualitative progress.As a result,contemporary development presents a two-way cycle of accelerating human development and social progress,in which human development increasingly takes precedence;the renewal of the drivers of development and the development of human needs are more and more directly related;and the overall level of social progress becomes the key to development.In the course of leading the rise of information civilization,China not only has unique advantages,but also faces the key task of liberating creativity.展开更多
基金Supportedby the College of Medicine Research Center,Deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
文摘To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient.RESULTSEighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as 'Good'.CONCLUSIONThe DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.
文摘The exploration of information civilization provides a new key to a new understanding of contemporary development.As a higher level of civilization based on material energy,information civilization represents the information development of human civilization,involving development from material energy to information,development of resources from individual portions to joint sharing,development of the relationship between humans and resources from ownership to use,and the development of humanity itself and its activities from material energy to information.The unfolding of information in human civilization presents the development of information civilization as a mode of human existence,as information ecology and as a dynamic mechanism of social development.Information civilization highlights the profound significance of the fact that in the final analysis,development is human development;the inherent mechanics of human development proceeding from external conditions to internal needs;and the basic manner in which social development proceeds from quantitative increases to qualitative progress.As a result,contemporary development presents a two-way cycle of accelerating human development and social progress,in which human development increasingly takes precedence;the renewal of the drivers of development and the development of human needs are more and more directly related;and the overall level of social progress becomes the key to development.In the course of leading the rise of information civilization,China not only has unique advantages,but also faces the key task of liberating creativity.
