论自然的“权利”

自然权利论者所提出的“自然的权利”是一个虚幻的概念。“权利”是人类群体中主体之间对各自存在意义的理解和承认的表达形式,本质上是社会法律关系的内容之一。所谓“自然的权利”只能理解为“人权”的一部分,即“人的环境权利”;在生态伦理学的研究中,不应该使用“自然的权利”这个概念。

Do copepods inhabit hypersaline waters worldwide?A short review and discussion

A small number of copepod species have adapted to an existence in the extreme habitat of hypersaline water. 13 copepod species have been recorded in the hypersaline waters of Crimea （the largest peninsula in the Black Sea with over 50 hypersaline lakes）. Summarizing our own and literal_re data, the author concludes that the Crimean extreme environment is not an exception： copepod species dwell in hypersaline waters worldwide. There are at least 26 copepod species around the world living at salinity above 100; among them 12 species are found at salinity higher than 200. In the Crimea Cletocamptus retrogressus is found at salinity 360×10^-3 （with a density of 1 320 individuals/m^3） and Arctodiaptomus salinus at salinity 300×10^-3 （with a density of 343 individuals/m^3）. Those species are probably the most halotolerant copepod species in the world. High halotolerance of osmoconforming copepods may be explained by exoosmolyte consumption, mainly with food. High tolerance to many factors in adults, availability of resting stages, and an opportunity of long-distance transportation of resting stages by birds and/or winds are responsible for the wide geographic distribution of these halophilic copepods.

A Study on Planetary Visual Odometry Optimization： Time Constraints and Reliability

Robust and efficient vision systems are essential in such a way to support different kinds of autonomous robotic behaviors linked to the capability to interact with the surrounding environment, without relying on any a priori knowledge. Within space missions, above all those involving rovers that have to explore planetary surfaces, vision can play a key role in the improvement of autonomous navigation functionalities： besides obstacle avoidance and hazard detection along the traveling, vision can in fact provide accurate motion estimation in order to constantly monitor all paths executed by the rover. The present work basically regards the development of an effective visual odometry system, focusing as much as possible on issues such as continuous operating mode, system speed and reliability.

Combination of a crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium under the guidance of strain tolerance and a pilot-scale degradation test

Under the guidance of strain tolerance, a new combination method for crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium was studied. Firstly, more than 50 efficient crude oil-degrading and biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and water in Tianjin Binhai New Area Oil field, China. Twenty-four of them were selected for further study. These strains were identified as belonging Pseudornonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus brevis, Achrornobacter sp., Acinetobacter venetianus, Lysinibacillus rnacroides, Klebsiella oxytoca, Stenotrophornonas rhizophila, Rhodococcus sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis. A shake-flask degradation test revealed that 12 of these strains could degrade over 50% of 1% crude oil concentration in 7 d. Of these, 8 strains were able to produce biosurfactants. Furthermore, environmental tolerance experiments indicated that the majority of the strains had the ability to adapt to extreme environments including high temperatures, alkaline en- vironments and high salinity environments. A mixed bacterial agent comprising the strains WB2, W2, W3 and HA was developed based on the environmental tolerance tests and subjected to the pilot-scale degradation test indicating that this bacterial agent could degrade 85.2% of 0.8% crude oil concentration in 60 d. Our results suggest that the application of this mixed agent could remediate crude oil polluted soils in saline and alkaline environments.

Ecological strategy analysis of human habitation environment in Shanggantang traditional village,Hunan province,P.R.China

Based on the field survey of the traditional village in Shanggantang,Hunan province,P.R.China,we analyzed ecological strategies in aspects of the whole human habitation environment and vernacular building human habitation environment.The ecological strategies included adapting to the local climate,reducing source consumption,utilizing local materials and so on.The research is to provide a reference to practice and theoretical development of eco-folk houses in the area.

Capital and Aesthetics＂ How Could People＇s Freedom be Possible under Modem Conditions？

In the age where capital becomes the most dominant, the most manipulating power, the current aesthetics has to face and solve the problems such as ＂capital versus aesthetics＂, ＂matter nature versus mind nature＂, ＂society versus culture＂ and has to answer the follow-up question--＂How could people＇s freedom be possible in modem conditions？＂ The reflections and criticism on ＂capital modernity＂ by Marx, Weber and Simmel all directly pointed to the issues of people＇s value and the settlement of their spirit in the Age of Capital. Meanwhile, the salvation of the ＂aesthetic modernity＂ makes up the proper meaning of the solution in many thinkers＇ mind to the predicament of the age. In this sense, the reflections on the Zeitgeist in the Age of Capital is certainly included in the pursuit of aesthetic freedom in this age.

Determinism, Free Will, and Moral Responsibility

Human beings live amidst several bonds. These bonds often place both internal and external limitations that apparently create the view that a human being has no free will but is determined. This paper explores the controversial issue whether a human being possesses free will to make free choices or is determined. It is the stance of this study that if one does not have free will then one cannot be morally responsible for one＇s actions and consequently praise and blame would then have no value. The paper, therefore, is of the view that notwithstanding the many bonds within which they live, humans, with their special dignity, have free will that operate within the respective constraints set by the bonds of human life. Furthermore, since morality involves good and bad, the paper asserts that for an act to be designated as morally good or bad, it implies that the agent was free to perform the said act or do otherwise to merit praise or blame respectively. Thus, for human freedom to be significant, it must be responsible.

社会组织助力乡村振兴“仁寿路径”

人才是富国之本、兴邦大计,推进乡村振兴,更需要有理想、敢担当的各方面人才。农村党员干部、产业致富能手、返乡乡贤、有意愿投身乡村建设的人是乡村振兴的人才基础。本期“源头活水”栏目频取各地如何做好人才振兴的“加减法”,搭建干事创业的平台,营造引人、用人、留人的环境,激发人才活力的好经验、好做法,以飨读者。