PC-based artif icial neural network inversion for airborne time-domain electromagnetic data

Traditionally, airborne time-domain electromagnetic （ATEM） data are inverted to derive the earth model by iteration. However, the data are often highly correlated among channels and consequently cause ill-posed and over-determined problems in the inversion. The correlation complicates the mapping relation between the ATEM data and the earth parameters and thus increases the inversion complexity. To obviate this, we adopt principal component analysis to transform ATEM data into orthogonal principal components （PCs） to reduce the correlations and the data dimensionality and simultaneously suppress the unrelated noise. In this paper, we use an artificial neural network （ANN） to approach the PCs mapping relation with the earth model parameters, avoiding the calculation of Jacobian derivatives. The PC-based ANN algorithm is applied to synthetic data for layered models compared with data-based ANN for airborne time-domain electromagnetic inversion. The results demonstrate the PC-based ANN advantages of simpler network structure, less training steps, and better inversion results over data-based ANN, especially for contaminated data. Furthermore, the PC-based ANN algorithm effectiveness is examined by the inversion of the pseudo 2D model and comparison with data-based ANN and Zhody＇s methods. The results indicate that PC-based ANN inversion can achieve a better agreement with the true model and also proved that PC-based ANN is feasible to invert large ATEM datasets.

Kinetic model research on drying characteristics of artificial magnetite green pellet

In this study,the effects of drying temperature,hot airflow speed and diameter of green pellet on drying rate of artificial magnetite pellet were deeply investigated to clarify the drying characteristics of artificial magnetite green pellet.The results show that the drying process of artificial magnetite green pellet has three stages,accelerated drying stage,constant drying stage and decelerated drying stage.And drying temperature and hot airflow speed both have significant reciprocal effects on moisture ratio and drying rate of green pellet during the drying process.However,the diameter of green pellet has little effect on drying process of green pellet.Then the drying fitting models of Correction Henderson and Pabis,Lewis,Correction Page(III),Wang and Singh are used to describe the drying kinetics of artificial magnetite green pellet.The fitting results indicate that the drying process of artificial magnetite pellet can be described by Correction Page(III)model accurately.Finally,the contrast experiments demonstrate that the fitting model can well describe the actual drying process.

Treatment of Protrusion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by TCM Massage

Protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc is a common disorder frequently encountered in clinic. With TCM massage and the maneuver of manual reduction, we have treated 82 cases of protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc, with satisfactory therapeutic results reported in the following.……

Controlled-source electromagnetic data processing based on gray system theory and robust estimation

We propose a novel method that combines gray system theory and robust M-estimation method to suppress the interference in controlled-source electromagnetic data. We estimate the standard deviation of the data using a gray model because of the weak dependence of the gray system on data distribution and size. We combine the proposed and threshold method to identify and eliminate outliers. Robust M-estimation is applied to suppress the effect of the outliers and improve the accuracy. We treat the M-estimators of the preserved data as the true data. We use our method to reject the outliers in simulated signals containing noise to verify the feasibility of our proposed method. The processed values are observed to be approximate to the expected values with high accuracy. The maximum relative error is 3.6676%, whereas the minimum is 0.0251%. In processing field data, we observe that the proposed method eliminates outliers, minimizes the root-mean-square error, and improves the reliability of controlled-source electromagnetic data in follow-up processing and interpretation.

Simulation of Dynamic Electromagnetic Interference Environment for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data Link

In order to test the anti-interference ability of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) data link in a complex electromagnetic environment,a method for simulating the dynamic electromagnetic interference of an indoor wireless environment is proposed.This method can estimate the relational degree between the actual face of an UAV data link in an interface environment and the simulation scenarios in an anechoic chamber by using the Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) theory.The dynamic drive of the microwave instrument produces a real-time corresponding interference signal and realises scene mapping.The experimental results show that the maximal correlation between the interference signal in the real scene and the angular domain of the radiation antenna in the anechoic chamber is 0.959 3.Further,the relational degree of the Signal-toInterference Ratio(SIR) of the UAV at its reception terminal indoors and in the anechoic chamber is 0.996 8,and the time of instrument drive is only approximately 10 μs.All of the above illustrates that this method can achieve a simulation close to a real field dynamic electromagnetic interference signal of an indoor UAV data link.

Treatment of Protrusion of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Pulling and Turning Manipulations

The authors treated 62 cases of protrusion oflumbar intervertebral disc by pulling and turningmanipulations from February 1993 to February 1998.Another 50 cases were treated by traction as controls.Statistical data showed that pulling and turningmanipulations had much better therapeuticeffectiveness than traction(P<0.05).

New correction method for controlled-source electromagnetics source effects

A novel method for source effect correction based on integral equation method is proposed.By taking the electrical horizontal field Ex of current source as an example,the correction method is validated using both simulated data and field data.The results show that the correction method is feasible and effective for isotropic media.When the field data are processed,the correction method normalizes the sources with different geological structures,which eliminates the geological difference among sources,and retains the geological difference among receivers.The correction results are in line with the expectation in whole.

Oxidation and roasting characteristics of artificial magnetite pellets

Compared with natural magnetite concentrate, artificial magnetite with more lattice defects and higher activity tends to be oxidized. And the artificial magnetite pellet at the temperature of 400℃ has the oxidation degree approaching to natural magnetite concentrate pellet fired at 1000℃. Besides, two kinds of pellets displayed quite different roasting characteristics. When preheated at the same temperature for the same period of time, natural magnetite concentrate pellet and artificial magnetite concentrate pellet need to be roasted at the temperature of 1100℃ and 1250℃, respectively, for 25 min to reach the compressive strength of 3000 N per pellet. When roasted at the same temperature of 1200℃, natural magnetite pellet and artificial magnetite pellet need to be roasted for 15 min and 30 min, respectively, to reach the compressive strength over 3000 N per pellet. It can be seen from the test that artificial magnetite pellet has a faster oxidation, resulting in the high porosity in the produced pellet, and it requires a roasting process at higher temperature for a longer time to reach the desired compressive strength for industrial production.

A MRI quantitative study of corpus callosum in normal adults

Objective： To investigate the possible age- and sex-related differences in the various dimensions of corpus callosum among Chinese normal adults. Methods： Magnetic resonance images of 286 healthy adults, including 127 males and 159 females, and ranging in age from 20 to 81 years, were investigated. They were classified into 5 age groups （ 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-81 years old）. Corresponding to the age group sequence above, the male/female ratio of each group respectively was： 25/26, 26/33, 33/50, 32/36, and 11/14. The following dimensions of corpus callosum were systematically measured on the midsagittal Tl-weighted images： frontal to occipital pole （represented as line segment AB）, total longitudinal dimension of the corpus callosum （CD）, the maximum height （EF）, the widths of the genu （CX）, anterior one third （GH）, central region （EZ）, posterior one third （MN） and splenium （YD）. After that, the obtained data was analyzed statistically. Results： （1） The total longitudinal dimension, maximum height, widths of the genu, central region and splenium were proved to be larger in females. But the widths of the anterior one third and posterior one third were similar in-between. In spite of that, a conspicuous sex-related difference was not found. （2） The total longitudinal dimension and the maximum height of the corpus callosum remained stable in all age subgroups. Yet the widths of the genu, anterior one third, central region, posterior one third and splenium had a tendency of decreasing gradually with aging. Statistical difference was seen in the anterior one third, central region, posterior one third （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： There is no sex-related difference in all dimensions of corpus callosum. But, with aging, a significant difference is found in the widths of the anterior one third, central region and posterior one third.

Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:Which is optimal?

AIM： TO determine if a nasojejunal tube （NJT） is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine position. METHODS： Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel （SB） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） examination over a 32-mo period. Patients either underwent a magnetic resonance （MR） follow-through （MRFT） or a MR enteroclysis （MRE） in the supine position. The quality of proximal and distal SB distension as well as the presence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS： One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken （MRFT-49, MRE-65） in 108 patients in the supine position only. Image artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT （29.2% vs 18.4%）, but was not statistically significant （P = 0.30）. Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations, respectively. Proximal SB distension was, however, less frequently optimal in MRFT than in MRE （P = 0.0036）, particularly in patients over the age of 50 years （P = 0.0099）. Image quality was good in all examinations. CONCLUSION： All patients could be successfully iraaged in the supine position. MRE and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact effects. Proximal SB distension is frequently less optimal in MRFT than in MRE. MRE is, therefore, the preferred MR examination method of the SB.

Research on adsorption mechanism of wall climbing robots based on internally balanced theory

The internally balanced theory proposed by the Japanese researchers,solved the contradiction between adsorption ability and moving capability of the permanent magnetic adsorption mechanism.However,it still has some problems when applied to wall climbing robots.This paper analyzes and improves this theory,and the improved internally balanced theory satisfies the requirements of the adsorption mechanism significantly.Finally,a practical prototype is proposed based on this method,and both the analysis using ANSYS and the experiment results justify the design validity.

Treatment of Protrusion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Intravertebral Blocking and Massotherapy——A Report of 62 Cases

Protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc is adisease commonly encountered in orthopedics andtraumatology clinic.At present removal of thenucleus pulposus to relieve the compression on thenerve root is usually adopted in the treatment of thedisease.From April,1990 to October,1997,theauthor treated 62 cases of protrusion of the lumbarintervertebral disc by massotherapy afterintravertebral blocking,with satisfactory

Changes in human hepatic metabolism in steatosis and cirrhosis

AIMTo understand the underlying metabolic changes in human liver disease we have applied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis to human liver tissue.METHODSWe have carried out pilot study using 1H-NMR to derive metabolomic signatures from human liver from patients with steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or alcohol-related liver damage (ARLD) to identify species that can predict outcome and discriminate between alcohol and metabolic-induced liver injuries.RESULTSChanges in branched chain amino acid homeostasis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and purine biosynthesis intermediates along with betaine were associated with the development of cirrhosis in both ARLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Species such as propylene glycol and as yet unidentified moieties that allowed discrimination between NASH and ARLD samples were also detected using our approach.CONCLUSIONOur high throughput, non-destructive technique for multiple analyte quantification in human liver specimens has potential for identification of biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic significance.

Treatment of Protrusion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Massotherapy

Clinically, there is a higher incidence of protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc. It can cause a terrible pain. The author has treated 66 cases by massotherapy, who were confirmatively diagnosed as having protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc by X-ray film and computer-aided tomography, with satisfactory results as reported in the following.Clinical DataAmong the 66 cases in this series, 49 were male and 17 female, ranging in age from 26 to 59 years, averaging 36.2 years. All the patients had got lumbago and unilateral ischialgia, with the left side affected in 37 cases and the right side in 29 cases. The leg pain radiating to lateral malleolus was found in 28 cases, to dorsum of the foot in 24 cases, and to the toes in 14 cases. Intermittent claudication was present in 22 cases, numbness of the affected foot in 16 cases, pain exacerbated when coughing in 35 cases, scoliosis in 21 cases, and positive Lasegue's sign in 48 cases.

TCM Treatment for 50 Cases of Acute Protrusion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

From January 1998 to August 2000, the author has treated 50 cases of acute protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc by Chinese herbs, massotherapy, and functional exercise with satisfactory therapeutic results reported in the following.

Numerical Analysis of Neodymium Magnet Influence in Relation Induction/Weight Structures of Sumo Robots

Since neodymium magnet possesses an extremely strong magnetic field, resulting from the combination of neodymium, iron and boron, it has become the most used in designing autonomous sumo robots. When it is mounted under the structure of this robot, the magnet produces a large amount of normal force resulting from the interaction between its field lines and the steel frame of the arena, reducing the risk of slipping its wheels. Thus, the heavier a robot, the greater the difficulty for the opponent to remove it from the arena. This article explains the properties of Nd-Fe-Br magnets and analyzes the influence of these characteristics in the relation induction/weight. Additionally, to a comparative analysis, this research analyzes the positioning, geometry and polarization of the magnets under study, based on numerical results obtained using Inventor and K ＆ J Magnets Calculator software, given that these factors influence in their energetic product generation. Furthermore, more than just working with what we believe is a subject of great interest for sumo robot＇s teams, this study encourages their competitiveness, an essential factor for the competition.

Electromagnetic Pollution and Human Health

The electromagnetic fields surrounding the electric and communication installations are blamed not only for cancerigenic effects, but also for negative influences on the natural electrophysiological phenomena and ＂accused＂ of causing some degenerative diseases of the nervous system, genetic modifications with hereditary effects, mental and behavioural disturbances. This research aimed to highlight that Directive 2008 / 46 / EC had a series of positive aspects as well as drawbacks. Directive 2008 / 46 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2004 / 40 / EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents （electromagnetic fields） is criticized because these norms should regard not only the category of those working in different domains, but also the large category of consumers （of cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, etc.）.

Fifty-six Cases of Protrusion of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Treated by Penetration and Oral Administration of Chinese Decoction Plus Traction

Fifty-six cases of the protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc in the treatment group were treated by drug-penetration and oral administration of traditional Chinese decoction plus traction, and the other 35 cases in the control group by oral administration of Chinese decoction and traction. The results showed that the cure rate in the treatment group was 83.9%, and that in the control group was 57.1%, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01), indicating that the former is a more effective therapy for protrusion of the lumbar intervertebral disc.

Development of Independent Moving Puppet Robot

This paper is about the automation of the marionette performance. A method to solve the problem on the mobility of the automated marionette performance is proposed. Since it is difficult to control the marionette by hands, as an alternative, the automated marionette is studied. However, the automtic marionette performance is limited in the silence and mobility. Therefore, an independent shifter to move freely on the stage is required. The magnetic device which connects the movable robot and the marionette controlling robot is conceived. The magnetic device is improved and applied by considering the features of the marionette robot, which is the irregular movement of the marionette controller and of the parallel limited area. The burden of being trapped on the magnet is minimized by dividing the robot to the upper and lower parts of the marionette performance stage. The direction of the magnet is considered to make the mobile robot to move freely. Thus, the efficiency and safety of the device is confirmed by balancing the strength with the permanent magnet.